animal kingdom and its types

1. Animal Kingdom

2. Symmetry - None
 No general body
plan or axis of
symmetry

3. Symmetry - Radial
 Body parts repeat around the center of the
body
 Bicycle wheel

4. Symmetry - Bilateral
 Only a single plane can divide the body into 2
equal halves

5. Body Plan
 Anterior
– front
 Posterior
– rear
 Dorsal
– top
 Ventral
– bottom

6. Porifera
 Examples
– sponges
 Symmetry
– none
 Digestion
– Filter-feeding
 Other
– Collar cells collect
food as water
filters through the
sponge

7. Cnidaria
 Examples: jellyfish, sea anemone
 Symmetry: radial
 Digestion: 2-way
 Other: stinging cells (defense & feeding)
diffuse nerve net

8. Platyhelminthes
 FLAT WORMS
 Examples
– tape worm
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 2-way
 Other
– Eye spots
– Concentration of nerves
at head

9. Nematoda
 ROUND WORMS
 Examples
– Heart worm, pin worm
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 1-way
 Other

10. Annelida
 SEGMENTED WORMS
 Examples
– Earthworm, leech
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 1-way
 Other
– Segmentation: made up of a
linear series of repetitive
body parts

11. Arthropoda  Examples
– centipede,
insect, spider,
crab, lobster
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 1-way
 Other
– Segmented
– Exoskeleton
made of chitin

12. Mollusca
 Examples
– snail, squid, octopus,
clam
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 1-way
 Other
– Mantle: creates shell
– Well developed optics

13. Echinodermata
 Examples
– sea star, sand dollar,
sea urchin
 Symmetry
– Bilateral (larvae) -->
radial (adult)
 Digestion
– 1-way (some
become 2-way)
 Other
– endoskeleton

14. Chordata
 Examples
– fish, amphibian,
reptile, bird,
mammal
 Symmetry
– bilateral
 Digestion
– 1-way
 Other
– Endoskeleton
– Closed
circulatory
system

15. Chordata - cont’d
 4 shared
characteristics:
– Dorsal nerve cord
• brain & spine
– Notochord
• backbone
– Gill slits
• gills or lungs
– Post-anal tail
Exothermic: “cold-blooded”
-body temp is regulated by
external environment
Endothermic: “warm-blooded”
-maintain body temp by
converting food to heat

16. Classes of Chordata
Fish
Amphibian
Reptile
Bird
Mammal

17. Agnatha - jawless fish

18. Chondrichthyes
 Body temp
– Exothermic
– Some homeothermic?
 Heart
– 2-chambers
 Respiration
– Gills
 Fertilization
– External or internal
 Other
– Skeleton = cartilage
• Inhibits tumor growth?
– Some lay eggs, some
give live birth
– Large, oily liver helps
with bouyancy

19. Osteichthyes
 Body temp
– exothermic
 Heart
– 2-chambers
 Respiration
– gills
 Fertilization
– External (sperm & egg
meet outside the body)
 Other
– Swim bladder
– Lateral line system

20. Amphibian
 Body temp
– exothermic
 Heart
– 3-chambers
 Respiration
– gills, skin, lungs
 Fertilization
– external
 Other
– Adapted to life in & out of
water
– All must return to water
for reproduction

21. Reptiles
 Body temp Heart
– Exothermic - 3-chambers (crocs = 4-chambers)
 Respiration Fertilization
– Lungs - internal (sperm+egg meet inside the
body)
 Other : internal fertilization
– Makes return to water unnecessary
– Provides better protection for sperm
– Do not need to lay as many eggs

22. Amniotic Egg  Reptiles first to
introduce amniotic
egg
– Yolk = food for
embryo
– Allantois = collects
waste
– Chorion = allows gas
exchange
– Shell = protection
*Prevents embryo from
drying out

24. Aves (aka Birds)  Body temp
– endothermic
 Heart
– 4-chambers
 Respiration
– lungs (very efficient)
 Fertilization
– internal
 Other
– Eggs must be
incubated
– Adapted for flight …..

25. Adaptation for flight
 Decreased body
weight
 Feathers
 Hollow bones
 No teeth
 Strong muscles
 Excrete highly
concentrated urine
with very little water
(uric acid)


27. Mammals
 Body temp
– endothermic
 Heart
– 4-chambers
 Respiration
– lungs
 Fertilization
– internal
 Other
– Hair, fur, or vestiges
– Mammary glands
– Largest, developed
brains
– Specialized teeth
– Increased parental care

28. Monotremes
 Reproduce by laying
eggs
 Platypus, echidna

29. Marsupials
 Give birth to small,
immature young that
further develop
inside an external
pouch
 Kangaroo, koala

30. Placenta
 Young develop
inside mother’s
body until birth
 95% of all
mammals are
placental

31. The
End