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ertainly! The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a remarkable ancient civilization that flourished from approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Let’s delve into some key aspects of this fascinating civilization:
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Harappan Civilisation
The document provides an overview of the Indus Valley or Harappan civilization, including its sources, origin and extent, urban planning, trade, and arts and crafts. Some key points:
- The civilization developed on the Indus River valley and two major sites are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeological remains provide information about the civilization.
- It had an extensive territory covering parts of modern India and Pakistan and advanced urban planning with standardized brick architecture and drainage systems.
- The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks reaching Mesopotamia and other regions. Metallurgy and crafts like pottery were highly developed.
- The decline of the civilization around 1900 BCE
Harappa
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
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Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Indus Valley or Harrapan civilisation
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. At its peak, the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro supported tens of thousands of residents and featured advanced architecture including planned streets, private houses, drainage systems, and a granary. The civilization traded extensively with neighbors and had a sophisticated urban society, though the Indus script remains undeciphered. The reasons for the civilization's eventual decline are unknown but may include floods, earthquakes, or invasion.
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. At its peak, the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro supported tens of thousands of residents and featured advanced architecture including planned streets and drainage systems. The civilization traded extensively with neighbors and had a sophisticated urban culture, though the Indus script remains undeciphered. The reasons for the civilization's eventual decline are unknown but may include floods, earthquakes, or conflicts with invading groups.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley civilization flourished between 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had impressive urban planning with organized streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in agriculture along the river and extensive trade. It declined around 1900-1300 BC due to various proposed factors such as flooding or drought.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River and Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. Major cities of the civilization included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had advanced sewage and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia and other regions. While much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of their advanced urban planning, systems of weights and measures, arts and crafts, and religious symbols.
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of up to 30,000 people and featured planned streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a mature urban planning. While the decline of this civilization remains unclear, it may have been due to floods, earthquakes, or disease.
Recomendados
Harappan Civilisation
The document provides an overview of the Indus Valley or Harappan civilization, including its sources, origin and extent, urban planning, trade, and arts and crafts. Some key points:
- The civilization developed on the Indus River valley and two major sites are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeological remains provide information about the civilization.
- It had an extensive territory covering parts of modern India and Pakistan and advanced urban planning with standardized brick architecture and drainage systems.
- The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks reaching Mesopotamia and other regions. Metallurgy and crafts like pottery were highly developed.
- The decline of the civilization around 1900 BCE
Harappa
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
SSC/CGL
Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Indus Valley or Harrapan civilisation
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. At its peak, the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro supported tens of thousands of residents and featured advanced architecture including planned streets, private houses, drainage systems, and a granary. The civilization traded extensively with neighbors and had a sophisticated urban society, though the Indus script remains undeciphered. The reasons for the civilization's eventual decline are unknown but may include floods, earthquakes, or invasion.
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. At its peak, the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro supported tens of thousands of residents and featured advanced architecture including planned streets and drainage systems. The civilization traded extensively with neighbors and had a sophisticated urban culture, though the Indus script remains undeciphered. The reasons for the civilization's eventual decline are unknown but may include floods, earthquakes, or conflicts with invading groups.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley civilization flourished between 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had impressive urban planning with organized streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in agriculture along the river and extensive trade. It declined around 1900-1300 BC due to various proposed factors such as flooding or drought.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River and Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. Major cities of the civilization included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had advanced sewage and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia and other regions. While much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of their advanced urban planning, systems of weights and measures, arts and crafts, and religious symbols.
Indus Valley Civilization.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished along the Indus River from around 3300 BC to 1300 BC. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of up to 30,000 people and featured planned streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a mature urban planning. While the decline of this civilization remains unclear, it may have been due to floods, earthquakes, or disease.
Indus Valley Civilization history and influence.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization developed along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and Northwestern India from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Its two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, featured planned streets laid out in grids, sophisticated sanitation systems, and standardized weights and measures. Residents lived in well-built homes and engaged in extensive trade. Though the civilization declined between 1900-1300 BCE for unknown reasons, it was an early urban society that developed significant achievements in urban planning, crafts, and infrastructure.
Indus civilization ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization lasted from 3300-1300 BCE in South Asia along the Indus River valley. Some of the major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira. The cities had advanced architecture like bathhouses, granaries, and drainage systems. The society was primarily urban and agricultural, with most people being farmers or craftspeople. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of goods like shells, stones, and metals. While the language remains undeciphered, archaeology shows a highly developed urban culture with skilled artisans. The civilization eventually declined due to factors like flooding and migration.
Ancient India
The ancient Harappan civilization flourished between 2500-1500 BC in the Indus River valley of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. They developed sophisticated urban planning in two main cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with multi-story houses, drainage systems, and defensive walls. The Harappans engaged in agriculture and international trade. Their writing system has not been deciphered and the nature of their religion is unclear. By 1500 BC the civilization suddenly collapsed, possibly due to climate change, violence, or earthquakes.
Harappan civi
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations located in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE, covering over 1 million square kilometers. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, sewage systems, and multi-story buildings. The Indus Valley Civilization developed new agricultural, metallurgical, and craft techniques and engaged in extensive regional trade. Around 1800 BCE, the civilization began to decline due to changing climate or flooding of the Ghaggar Hakra river system, and most cities were abandoned by 1300 BCE.
Harappans
The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan from around 4000-1000 BC. It included important cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were centers of the Indus Valley civilization. This civilization relied on irrigated agriculture and trade, and used standardized weights and measures across its major cities.
Cl-9 Ch-1.pptx
ugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
Harappan civilization- lijitha
The document summarizes key aspects of the Harappan civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It discusses how the civilization was named after its type site of Harappa. Major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal, where excavations beginning in the 1920s uncovered evidence of the civilization. The Harappan civilization developed between 2600-1800 BCE along the Indus River valley, with large urban settlements, standardized weights and measures, advanced drainage systems, and international trade networks. While much remains unknown about the civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeological findings provide insights into its urban planning, architecture, arts, and eventual decline around 1800 BCE.
Indus valley civilisation
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, streets, wells, and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks. While its writing remains undeciphered, artifacts indicate it may have been an advanced civilization. Around 1500 BC, ecological disasters and Aryan migrations contributed to the decline and deurbanization of the Indus Valley civilization.
Indus valley
The Indus Valley Civilization began during the Bronze Age between 2500 BC and 1500 BC in the Indus River valley region spanning modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had highly developed urban planning with large residential areas, wells, bathrooms, and an effective drainage system. The people practiced burial rituals, usually in a north-south orientation, and buried individuals with jewelry. The civilization declined around 1800 BCE for reasons that are still unclear but may have included flooding of the Saraswati River or other catastrophic events disrupting the agricultural economy and civic order.
Harrapan and mesopotamian civilization by Fenil shah
The document provides information about the Harappan and Mesopotamian civilizations. It includes sections on introduction, timeline, town planning, religious beliefs, trade, seals, food, script, burial procedures, ornaments, and clothes for each civilization. The Harappan civilization developed around 4700 years ago in the Indus River valley and major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, and Kalibangan. The Mesopotamian civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and was one of the earliest civilizations, developing agriculture and irrigation systems. Both civilizations engaged in extensive trade networks and had distinct burial practices, religious beliefs, forms of writing,
Indus valley
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
Indus River Civilizations
The Harappan civilization arose along the Indus River valley around 2700 BC and lasted until 1700 BC. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had populations over 35,000. Cities featured planned neighborhoods and streets laid out in grids, along with sophisticated drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a standardized system of weights, measures, and brick sizes. Though stratified, there is no evidence of warfare or rulers claiming victories. The decline of the civilization may have been due to shifting river patterns and flooding, as well as changes in trade routes.
Harappan civilization (indus valley civilization)
The Harappan Civilization is a most important chapter of 12th standard NCERT specially for UPSC aspirants, for both prelims and mains examination. "must read".
Harappan Civilizations ICSE History & Civics
Harappan Civilizations/Indus Valley Civilization
ICSE History & Civics
Grade IX ICSE History
Chapter 1. The Harappan Civilization
According to latest syllabus.
Indus valley civlization
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
2014 History of Civilization - Chapter V
The document provides an overview of ancient Indian history, beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization from around 3300 BCE. Several major cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa exhibited advanced urban planning with standardized bricks and water systems. The Harappan civilization declined around 1900 BCE for unknown reasons. Later, Aryan tribes migrated to India, bringing Indo-European languages. The Vedic period emerged, characterized by texts like the Rigveda hymns dating back to 1700-1100 BCE. This marked the beginnings of Hinduism as a religion centered around concepts like dharma, karma, and the authority of Brahmins.
Indus valley civilization
town planning system, socio economic life, drainage, religion, trade and occupation, art and crafts, harappan sites, decline
Indus valley civilisation
This document provides information about the Harappan civilization, including its major sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It discusses when the sites were first excavated in the 1920s and the major phases of the Harappan civilization. It also provides details about several other important Harappan sites, the excavators who worked on them, and some notable artifacts or features uncovered at each site. Finally, it discusses theories about the decline of the Harappan civilization and historians associated with different explanations.
Indus valley civilisation
This document provides information about the Harappan civilization, including its major sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It discusses when the sites were first excavated in the 1920s and describes some of the key findings at each site, such as granaries, firepits, sculptures, and evidence of trade. The document also outlines the three major periods of the Harappan civilization and provides brief summaries of several other major and minor Harappan sites throughout South Asia, including Lothal, Kalibanga, and Dholavira.
presetation-170421140844.pdf
The document provides an overview of the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations which flourished between 3300-1300 BCE in South Asia. It discusses the discovery and excavation of Indus sites in the 19th century, the geography of the region, important cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, as well as the culture, arts, trade, and urban planning of the Indus civilization. The document also summarizes theories for the decline of this civilization around 1900 BCE, including climate change, natural disasters, and the drying up of the Saraswati river.
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Indus Valley Civilization history and influence.ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization developed along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and Northwestern India from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Its two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, featured planned streets laid out in grids, sophisticated sanitation systems, and standardized weights and measures. Residents lived in well-built homes and engaged in extensive trade. Though the civilization declined between 1900-1300 BCE for unknown reasons, it was an early urban society that developed significant achievements in urban planning, crafts, and infrastructure.
Indus civilization ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization lasted from 3300-1300 BCE in South Asia along the Indus River valley. Some of the major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira. The cities had advanced architecture like bathhouses, granaries, and drainage systems. The society was primarily urban and agricultural, with most people being farmers or craftspeople. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of goods like shells, stones, and metals. While the language remains undeciphered, archaeology shows a highly developed urban culture with skilled artisans. The civilization eventually declined due to factors like flooding and migration.
Ancient India
The ancient Harappan civilization flourished between 2500-1500 BC in the Indus River valley of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. They developed sophisticated urban planning in two main cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with multi-story houses, drainage systems, and defensive walls. The Harappans engaged in agriculture and international trade. Their writing system has not been deciphered and the nature of their religion is unclear. By 1500 BC the civilization suddenly collapsed, possibly due to climate change, violence, or earthquakes.
Harappan civi
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations located in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE, covering over 1 million square kilometers. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, sewage systems, and multi-story buildings. The Indus Valley Civilization developed new agricultural, metallurgical, and craft techniques and engaged in extensive regional trade. Around 1800 BCE, the civilization began to decline due to changing climate or flooding of the Ghaggar Hakra river system, and most cities were abandoned by 1300 BCE.
Harappans
The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan from around 4000-1000 BC. It included important cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were centers of the Indus Valley civilization. This civilization relied on irrigated agriculture and trade, and used standardized weights and measures across its major cities.
Cl-9 Ch-1.pptx
ugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjugjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
Harappan civilization- lijitha
The document summarizes key aspects of the Harappan civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It discusses how the civilization was named after its type site of Harappa. Major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal, where excavations beginning in the 1920s uncovered evidence of the civilization. The Harappan civilization developed between 2600-1800 BCE along the Indus River valley, with large urban settlements, standardized weights and measures, advanced drainage systems, and international trade networks. While much remains unknown about the civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeological findings provide insights into its urban planning, architecture, arts, and eventual decline around 1800 BCE.
Indus valley civilisation
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, streets, wells, and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks. While its writing remains undeciphered, artifacts indicate it may have been an advanced civilization. Around 1500 BC, ecological disasters and Aryan migrations contributed to the decline and deurbanization of the Indus Valley civilization.
Indus valley
The Indus Valley Civilization began during the Bronze Age between 2500 BC and 1500 BC in the Indus River valley region spanning modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had highly developed urban planning with large residential areas, wells, bathrooms, and an effective drainage system. The people practiced burial rituals, usually in a north-south orientation, and buried individuals with jewelry. The civilization declined around 1800 BCE for reasons that are still unclear but may have included flooding of the Saraswati River or other catastrophic events disrupting the agricultural economy and civic order.
Harrapan and mesopotamian civilization by Fenil shah
The document provides information about the Harappan and Mesopotamian civilizations. It includes sections on introduction, timeline, town planning, religious beliefs, trade, seals, food, script, burial procedures, ornaments, and clothes for each civilization. The Harappan civilization developed around 4700 years ago in the Indus River valley and major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, and Kalibangan. The Mesopotamian civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and was one of the earliest civilizations, developing agriculture and irrigation systems. Both civilizations engaged in extensive trade networks and had distinct burial practices, religious beliefs, forms of writing,
Indus valley
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
Indus River Civilizations
The Harappan civilization arose along the Indus River valley around 2700 BC and lasted until 1700 BC. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had populations over 35,000. Cities featured planned neighborhoods and streets laid out in grids, along with sophisticated drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a standardized system of weights, measures, and brick sizes. Though stratified, there is no evidence of warfare or rulers claiming victories. The decline of the civilization may have been due to shifting river patterns and flooding, as well as changes in trade routes.
Harappan civilization (indus valley civilization)
The Harappan Civilization is a most important chapter of 12th standard NCERT specially for UPSC aspirants, for both prelims and mains examination. "must read".
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The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
2014 History of Civilization - Chapter V
The document provides an overview of ancient Indian history, beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization from around 3300 BCE. Several major cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa exhibited advanced urban planning with standardized bricks and water systems. The Harappan civilization declined around 1900 BCE for unknown reasons. Later, Aryan tribes migrated to India, bringing Indo-European languages. The Vedic period emerged, characterized by texts like the Rigveda hymns dating back to 1700-1100 BCE. This marked the beginnings of Hinduism as a religion centered around concepts like dharma, karma, and the authority of Brahmins.
Indus valley civilization
town planning system, socio economic life, drainage, religion, trade and occupation, art and crafts, harappan sites, decline
Indus valley civilisation
This document provides information about the Harappan civilization, including its major sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It discusses when the sites were first excavated in the 1920s and the major phases of the Harappan civilization. It also provides details about several other important Harappan sites, the excavators who worked on them, and some notable artifacts or features uncovered at each site. Finally, it discusses theories about the decline of the Harappan civilization and historians associated with different explanations.
Indus valley civilisation
This document provides information about the Harappan civilization, including its major sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It discusses when the sites were first excavated in the 1920s and describes some of the key findings at each site, such as granaries, firepits, sculptures, and evidence of trade. The document also outlines the three major periods of the Harappan civilization and provides brief summaries of several other major and minor Harappan sites throughout South Asia, including Lothal, Kalibanga, and Dholavira.
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The document provides an overview of the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations which flourished between 3300-1300 BCE in South Asia. It discusses the discovery and excavation of Indus sites in the 19th century, the geography of the region, important cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, as well as the culture, arts, trade, and urban planning of the Indus civilization. The document also summarizes theories for the decline of this civilization around 1900 BCE, including climate change, natural disasters, and the drying up of the Saraswati river.
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- 2. Indus valley civilization ( 2500 BC — 1750 BC) One of the earliest civilizations of the world. Mesopotamia( Tigris and Euphrates) China( Hwang ho) Egypt( Nile) IVC( INDUS)
- 3. Harappan civilization — first excavated city – Harappa Saraswati – Sindhu civilization — most of the sites have been found at Halkara Ghaggar river. SirJohn Marshal— played a crucial role in both of these. First European to discover ß document the ruins of harappa — Charles Masson. Harappa R.B. Dayaram Sahni Ravi 1921 Mohenjodaro R.D. Banerjee Indus 1922
- 4. Part of proto History Belongs to the Bronze Age ( Meatal Age) More than 100 sites have been excavated. Copper,Bronze,Silver , Gold — Known. . Iron was not.
- 6. Covered by parts of Pb, Sindh,Gj,Rj,Up Major sites in pakistan : Harappa Mohenjodaro Chanhu- Daro India : Lothal(GJ) Rangpur(GJ) Surkotada(GJ) Kalibanga( RJ) Banawali( HR) Alamgirpur( UP)
- 7. Afganistan — Mundigak, Shortughai. Largest Harappan site ( overall) — Rakhigarhi Mohenjodaro Harappa
- 8. Agriculture Sowed seeds – November Reaped their harvests – April Grew wheat , barely, mustard. Rice — Lothal( GJ)
- 9. The indus people were the first to produce cotton. Kalibangan — Fields were ploughed with wooden plough Produced sufficient to feed themselves. . Foodgrains were stored in granaries. Domesticated animals on large scale — Cats, Dogs, Horse was not in regular use. Elephant( ✓) Remains of Horse — Surkotada(GJ) Dogs with men in grave — Ropar.
- 10. Backbone of the civilization Soil was fertile due to the flooding caused by river Indus. Mohenjadaro — A fragment of woven cloth was found. Sugarcane was not known. Dholavira — Dams ß irrigation. Camel Bones — Kalibangan Romains of Horse — Surkotada.
- 11. Trade ß commerce Well knit external ß Internal trade. No metallic money. Trade was done through – Barter system. Coins(×) Bullock carts, Boats — used for transportation.
- 13. Bead making factory — chanhudaro ß Lothal. ( Items of export) Dockyard — Lothal . Steatile stone Every merchantile family — seal = Emblem+ name . Religious character. For description primary pose to mark the ownership.
- 14. Mesopotamia records — Trade — Meluha ( Ancient name of IVC) Also traded with sumer ( modern s.Iraq.) Town associated with different Industries: Daimabad. : Bronze industry Lothal. : Stone tools factory Balakot. : pearl, bangle ß shell Industry Chanhudaro. : Beads, bangle Industry.