This document summarizes a research project that aims to develop a smart tourism strategy for the coastal village of Zumaia in the Basque Country of Spain. The researchers propose establishing a "Smart Tourism Lab" living lab in Zumaia to experiment with innovative and democratic policymaking practices around tourism. The living lab will involve local stakeholders from different sectors to co-create a prospective tourism strategy using ethnographic and strategic techniques. The goal is to develop a contextual strategy that fits the multi-stakeholder context and addresses challenges around the rapid growth in visitors to the area.
Presentation by João Romão, University of Algarve - Hokkaido University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
The document discusses smart tourism experiences and their potential to enhance destination attractiveness. It analyzes case studies of different organizations that have implemented smart tourism initiatives using technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, beacons, IoT, and robots. These technologies allow for more interactive, personalized experiences like virtual tours of destinations, translated menus accessed via smartphones, and robots providing travel assistance. The analysis found that technologies can enhance experiences by making them more immersive and social. When implemented strategically, smart tourism experiences may help destinations attract more visitors and compete more effectively.
Dr Igor Calzada will give the keynote talk at the 'Wise & Smart City' event in Torino (Italy). The event will be guided by experts of international fame and with sharing economy practices.
Libro blanco de los destinos tursticos inteligentes por Segittur David Vicent
El documento describe la importancia del sector turístico en España. El turismo genera el 11% del PIB y el 12% del empleo en España, con más de 2,2 millones de empleos. España ocupa el primer puesto mundial en competitividad turística y es el tercer destino mundial en número de turistas internacionales. El turismo es estratégico para la economía española al ser un motor económico y generador de riqueza y empleo.
El documento describe los conceptos de destino turístico inteligente. Un destino turístico inteligente es un espacio innovador que utiliza tecnologías de vanguardia para mejorar la experiencia turística, fomentar el desarrollo sostenible y aumentar la competitividad a través de una mejor gestión de recursos e interacción con los visitantes. Los pilares clave incluyen el uso de nuevas tecnologías, el desarrollo sostenible del territorio turístico y la colaboración entre el sector público y privado para mejor
This article benchmarks eight city-regions beyond their respective nation-states by investigating their social innovation processes. The author analyzes four nationalistic city-regions (Basque Country, Scotland, Catalonia, Iceland) and four non-nationalistic city-regions (Portland, Dublin, Oresund, Liverpool/Manchester) using a "5-System Framework". For each case study, the author identifies the driver of change, profiles the city-region, and categorizes its strategy as politically or economically driven. The findings provide insight into how city-regions are establishing a new regional order beyond nation-states in different ways.
The Strategic Tourism Plan for 2020 sets out the road map for Barcelona’s tourist policies
over the coming years, based on a participatory diagnosis. Its goal is to ensure the destination's sustainability, reconciling to the utmost all the elements at play and promoting the highest possible social return on tourist activities, where visitors’ expectations are met without any risk to the continued residence of those living in the city.
More information: http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/turisme/en/strategic-plan
Presentation by João Romão, University of Algarve - Hokkaido University
Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC): ‘Smart People in Smart Cities’ Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (August, 2016)
The document discusses smart tourism experiences and their potential to enhance destination attractiveness. It analyzes case studies of different organizations that have implemented smart tourism initiatives using technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, beacons, IoT, and robots. These technologies allow for more interactive, personalized experiences like virtual tours of destinations, translated menus accessed via smartphones, and robots providing travel assistance. The analysis found that technologies can enhance experiences by making them more immersive and social. When implemented strategically, smart tourism experiences may help destinations attract more visitors and compete more effectively.
Dr Igor Calzada will give the keynote talk at the 'Wise & Smart City' event in Torino (Italy). The event will be guided by experts of international fame and with sharing economy practices.
Libro blanco de los destinos tursticos inteligentes por Segittur David Vicent
El documento describe la importancia del sector turístico en España. El turismo genera el 11% del PIB y el 12% del empleo en España, con más de 2,2 millones de empleos. España ocupa el primer puesto mundial en competitividad turística y es el tercer destino mundial en número de turistas internacionales. El turismo es estratégico para la economía española al ser un motor económico y generador de riqueza y empleo.
El documento describe los conceptos de destino turístico inteligente. Un destino turístico inteligente es un espacio innovador que utiliza tecnologías de vanguardia para mejorar la experiencia turística, fomentar el desarrollo sostenible y aumentar la competitividad a través de una mejor gestión de recursos e interacción con los visitantes. Los pilares clave incluyen el uso de nuevas tecnologías, el desarrollo sostenible del territorio turístico y la colaboración entre el sector público y privado para mejor
This article benchmarks eight city-regions beyond their respective nation-states by investigating their social innovation processes. The author analyzes four nationalistic city-regions (Basque Country, Scotland, Catalonia, Iceland) and four non-nationalistic city-regions (Portland, Dublin, Oresund, Liverpool/Manchester) using a "5-System Framework". For each case study, the author identifies the driver of change, profiles the city-region, and categorizes its strategy as politically or economically driven. The findings provide insight into how city-regions are establishing a new regional order beyond nation-states in different ways.
The Strategic Tourism Plan for 2020 sets out the road map for Barcelona’s tourist policies
over the coming years, based on a participatory diagnosis. Its goal is to ensure the destination's sustainability, reconciling to the utmost all the elements at play and promoting the highest possible social return on tourist activities, where visitors’ expectations are met without any risk to the continued residence of those living in the city.
More information: http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/turisme/en/strategic-plan
A new World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) report aims to help manage growing urban tourism flows and their impact on cities and residents. ‘Overtourism’? Understanding and managing urban tourism growth beyond perceptions’, was launched today during the 7th UNWTO Global Summit on Urban Tourism, in Seoul, Republic of Korea (16-19 September 2018).
The report examines how to manage tourism in urban destinations to the benefit of visitors and residents alike. It proposes eleven strategies and 68 measures to help understand and manage visitor growth. The report is the result of collaboration between UNWTO, the Centre of Expertise Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality (CELTH), Breda University of Applied Sciencesm and the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI) of NHL Stenden University of Applied sciences.
Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Summary Dr Lendy Spires
Why Tourism & Intangible Cultural Heritage? UNWTO Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Intangible Cultural Heritage is embodied in those practices, expressions, knowledge, and skills, as well as in associated objects and cultural spaces, that communities and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Transmitted through generations and constantly recreated, it provides humanity with a sense of identity and continuity.* This global wealth of traditions has become one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and experience the global variety of performing arts, handicrafts, rituals, cuisines, and interpretations of nature and the universe.
As celebrated on World Tourism Day 2011, ‘Tourism – Linking Cultures’, the cultural interaction spurred by such encounters prompts dialogue, builds understanding, and, in turn, fosters tolerance and peace. One of the challenges currently facing the tourism sector is to contribute to the identification, protection and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage through tourism development. Fostering the responsible use of this living heritage for tourism purposes can provide new employment opportunities, help alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration among the young and marginally-employed, and nurture a sense of pride among communities.
Tourism also offers a powerful incentive for preserving and enhancing intangible cultural heritage, as the revenue it generates can be channelled back into initiatives to aid its long-term survival. Intangible cultural heritage must be thoughtfully managed if it is to survive in an increasingly globalised world. True partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage sectors can only occur if all sides develop a genuine appreciation for each other’s aspirations and values.
This RSA research network workshop in Catalonia, Spain, aims to discuss the ways in which
established tourism destinations might become spaces where social innovation and regional
development progress through revitalisation, as well as how the development of global
responsible tourism policies might be fostered in this process. This workshop will be launched in Vila-seca Campus (URV). 10-13th February 2014
The ‘Storydoers Handbook’ is a testament to the culmination of the project’s efforts and embodies the essence of the ‘Storydoers: Digital Storydoing for Local Tourism” initiative.
This open-source transmedia manual serves as a reservoir of invaluable insights, offering concrete applications that translate the acquired knowledge, skills and competences into actionable strategies. Created with meticulous precision, the manual aims to empower local tourism businesses by equipping them with the tools they need to navigate the intricacies of digital storydoing.
This document summarizes norms related to cultural tourism. It discusses both social/cultural norms and legal norms that govern tourism, focusing on cultural tourism. Cultural tourism involves traveling to experience other cultures and involves tourism to urban cultural attractions as well as rural areas showcasing local traditions. Both cultural and legal norms impact tourism management and development. Governments must balance economic benefits of tourism with preserving local cultures and minimizing negative social impacts on host communities. Respecting local populations and finding ways for them to benefit from tourism can help address some challenges.
Barcelona has been a leader in addressing overtourism issues since the early 2000s. The city developed a strategy of territorial deconcentration of tourism and promoting tourism that respects residents and local culture. Key aspects of Barcelona's approach include developing district tourism plans, managing tourist accommodation, improving resident quality of life, and ensuring tourism benefits citizens. The current plan emphasizes sustainability, responsibility, redistribution, cohesion and innovation to balance tourism growth with its impacts on the city.
Mass tourism in historic cities, the role of civil organizations in the case ...Bunt Arquitectura
Malaga is the administrative capital of the Costa del Sol, however, it has remained out of the mass tourism
until the last decade. Coinciding with the obsolescence of the port facilities, the city has found an
opportunity in cruise tourism, becoming the second largest Spanish destination in this sector. The main
attractive of Malaga is being the birthplace of one of the most revolutionary painters, Pablo Picasso;
developing a large program for museums and hotels openings, cultural events and urban projects over the
last few years in order to create an atmosphere suitable for all visitors’ tastes. On the other hand, this
process is also creating monofunctional sectors, gentrification and theming of the principal Historic Site
areas. This implies to focus on restoration plans and on projecting an image according to the one that
tourists expect to see. In this context, several civil organizations have been formed to denounce heritage
losses, social marginality and identity simplification through collaborative works that join web 2.0,
participative cartography and academic research. We present a selection of these works.
The document summarizes an observation by the Observatory on Smart Cities at Politecnico di Milano on smart cities and cultural heritage. It provides an overview of the observatory, its methodology involving case studies, and interpretations. Specific cases discussed include 72hours urban action, Fuorisalone.it, and Urban Trekking. Key interpretations are around balancing citizens and visitors, integrating permanent and temporary uses of cultural heritage, blending physical and virtual experiences, and ensuring business models and respect for local context ('genius loci') support initiatives.
Guide for city professionals whole textBengikadioglu
The document discusses a project by UNESCO and UN-HABITAT to create an inclusive cities toolkit to promote social integration and inclusion of migrants. The toolkit aims to provide practical guidance for cities and organizations on developing inclusive policies and practices. It emphasizes migrants' rights to the city and participation in social, economic, political and cultural life regardless of legal status.
We are delighted to share with you the exciting news about our latest initiative at Storydoers. We have recently run a comprehensive training combo aimed at promoting the digitisation of SMEs in the rural tourism sector as part of the Erasmus+ Programme.
The training combo comprises a series of engaging and informative sessions designed to improve the digital skills and capabilities of entrepreneurs in the local tourism sector. Our aim is to equip these businesses with the tools and knowledge they need to thrive in the digital age.
STORYDOERS. DIGITAL STORYDOING FOR LOCAL TOURISM is an initiative to foster responsible tourism skills and digitalisation of people in rural areas of Europe.
STORYDOERS is a project co-funded by the Erasmus + programme of the European Commission.
The consortium consists of:
Ecosystem Europe
Diesis Network
Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
AITR-Turismo Responsabile
Walora
Wazo Coop
Smart tourism is an upcoming and novel exhortation applied to portray the growing reliance of tourism destinations globally. The tourism industry and its consumers (tourists) are emerging forms of information and communications technology (ICT) that permit for substantial quota of information in the form of data to be modified into value propositions. Nevertheless, it remains vague concept, which hampers its theoretical development. The efforts in this study are put together for defining smart tourism, and the research sheds light on present trends in smart tourism, and then laying out its business and technological establishment. This is pursued by a concise dialogue on the scenario and limitations of smart tourism. The research further draws attention to the immense call for investigation to enlighten smart tourism management and development in present scenario.
The project had its fundamentals from the OCSE Manual “A guide for local
governments, communities and museums ” that explains the importance and effect
on local community of transforming a museum from a place to visit into a “living
museum”, seen from the citizens and local government like the central point of the
local development.
The document discusses the Competence Research Center CICtourGUNE, which conducts research in tourism and human mobility. It has three main research areas: Tourism Systems in the Digital Age, which takes a systems approach to studying tourism using new data analysis techniques; Human Mobility and Technology; and Tourism and Environments. CICtourGUNE aims to improve the competitiveness of the Basque economy by generating scientific and technological advances through collaborative, multidisciplinary research.
This 10-month postdoctoral research project at the University of Lyon 2 in France will examine tourist behaviors and experiences through the lenses of consumer culture theory and service-dominant logic. The researcher will conduct a literature review and online study to understand how social media, friends, and other tourists co-create experiences with tourism providers. The goals are to publish papers in tourism and marketing journals, present findings at conferences, and advise PhD students. Key areas of focus include experience co-creation, social media, new types of tourists, and implications for how the tourism industry engages with customers.
NECSTouR is a network of European regions committed to sustainable and competitive tourism. It represents regional authorities and tourism associations. The document summarizes NECSTouR's activities promoting regional cooperation, research, and contributing to EU tourism policy. Key areas discussed include sustainable tourism indicators, innovation, accessibility, climate change mitigation, and ongoing/closed/awarded projects involving member regions.
Sustainable Tourism and Culture: A Symbiotic RelationshipIEREK Press
Cultural Tourism offers a strong motivation to preserve the elements of cultural heritage in tourist destinations. It helps to preserve cultural elements as important tourist attractions. Cultural tourism’s notion is unlimited to visiting monumental attractions only, but it has also become an interactive experience with the social fabric of the community through attending exhibitions, festivals and events,and the purchase of traditional local products. Thus, the human capital factor in tourism is linked to the quality of tourism products. With the growth of international tourism, the importance of sustainable tourism development has emerged to protect natural, cultural, and human resources, in addition to achieving economic development. As non-sustainable tourism development has led to the deterioration of tourism resources. This research paper examines if cultural tourism contributes to decrease tourism seasonality and achieve sustainable tourism development in cultural heritage sites. A case study of Aswan was selected. Aswan has unique and important elements of cultural heritage (Tangible and Intangible), but it still faces many problems like tourism seasonality, besides its tourism is still weak compared with other cities that have the same tourism potential. Based on a literature review and analytical study of global examples that achieved sustainability in cultural heritage sites, a field study of Aswan was conducted to evaluate the current status of cultural tourism, besides illustrating the challenges of achieving sustainability. The major result that has emerged from the study is paying attention to cultural tourism is the possible solution to the challenges that Aswan tourism faces. Finally, the paper concluded that investment in human capital creates opportunities for cultural tourism which in return resolves one of tourism’s major challenges: seasonality.
Keynote speaker, Chair and Call for Papers:
Papers are invited on these topics as well as papers using other economic methodologies to analyse the visitor economy or issues relating to it.
Deadline for abstract submission: 26 May 2017
Conference Theme: Smart Tourism, Smart Cities, Smart Living
The Visitor Economy: Strategies and Innovations Conference
4th-6th September 2017
Bournemouth University
In this paper, tourism is being explored as a social and economic phenomenon affecting the entire economic and social life. Therefore, there is a need to approach the overall tourism development more accurately and with greater responsibility based on principles of sustainability. In this context, the aim of the research in this paper is to identify and evaluate indicators that support the sustainable development of tourism. Selected patterns of sustainable development indicators from various available systems were used in the research. The research will examine the hypothesis that links sustainable development, responsible and excellence-based tourism using Istria as an example. We also confirm that the link between sustainable development, responsible tourism and destination excellence is measurable and unbreakable.
Augmented Reality (AR) Business Models In Urban Cultural Heritage Tourist De...Sarah Brown
This document discusses augmented reality (AR) business models in urban cultural heritage tourism. It first reviews literature on AR technology, its use in cultural heritage tourism, and business models. AR can enhance the tourist experience by providing personalized information and replacing tour guides. However, an optimal AR business model has yet to crystallize given the evolving technology. The document then proposes using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews and surveys, to understand stakeholder requirements and develop a multi-stakeholder AR business model for implementing AR in urban cultural heritage destinations.
Basque settlement increased in the western states of the US decades ago, particularly in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Alongside this migration phenomenon, Basque Studies programs have been emerging at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), Boise State University (BSU), and California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), particularly in the humanities, including history, anthropology, linguistics, and literature. The impact of the pandemic in Basque e-Diasporic communities in California, Idaho, and Nevada, and, consequently, the deep digitalization process being undertaken at the abovementioned universities, has resulted in an increasing demand for an articulated strategy in community engagement through action research. To respond to this timely challenge, the article suggests a need for a transition towards a Social Science transdisciplinary roadmap to support Basque e-diasporic communities. Basque Studies programs have the potential to act as a transformational policy driver through their virtual connections with the Basque Country and key homeland institutions. This article explores this necessary transition through action research by acknowledging the potential for the three abovementioned US states and the Basque Country to set up a transformational e-Diaspora.
To cite this journal article:
Calzada, I. & Arranz, I. (2022), Western US Basque-American e-Diaspora: Action Research in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Societies 12(6), 153. DOI:10.3390/soc12060153.
Dr Calzada's Fulbright Scholar-In-Residence reception took place on 10th October 2022 at California State University, Bakersfield. This event contributed to launch the Institute for Basque Studies (IBS) through a renewed academic programme based on trans-disciplinarity, entrepreneurship, and digitalisation by connecting the Basque Country, Wales, and California. The Fulbright reception event presentation focused on opportunities both at the city-regional level for Central Valley as well as from e-diaspora perspective in relation to Boise and Reno's Basque Studies programme. It is up to the IBS now to implement core foundations stemming from Fulbright S-I-R's programme led by Dr Calzada as PI. An efficient coordination within the CSUB and strategic stakeholders under the supervision of the PI in Bakersfield and Kern County will be required to make this Fulbright S-I-R's foundational statement feasible and doable, which should actively endure over time. The 5th December 2022, alongside the IBS-Etxepare agreement signature, a workshop will be held by the IBS to wrap up and put into practice Fulbright SIR-IBS programme's foundational formulation from January 2023 onwards being that co-led by the PI and IBS.
To cite this document/presentation:
Calzada, I. (2022). Fulbright Scholar-In-Residence (S-I-R) Reception. California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), October 10, Bakersfield, California: USA. DOI: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28746.85448.
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Semelhante a Published Paper in the Proceedgins of the 1st UNWTO World Conference on Smart Destinations in Murcia (Spain) 15-17 Feb 2017
A new World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) report aims to help manage growing urban tourism flows and their impact on cities and residents. ‘Overtourism’? Understanding and managing urban tourism growth beyond perceptions’, was launched today during the 7th UNWTO Global Summit on Urban Tourism, in Seoul, Republic of Korea (16-19 September 2018).
The report examines how to manage tourism in urban destinations to the benefit of visitors and residents alike. It proposes eleven strategies and 68 measures to help understand and manage visitor growth. The report is the result of collaboration between UNWTO, the Centre of Expertise Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality (CELTH), Breda University of Applied Sciencesm and the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI) of NHL Stenden University of Applied sciences.
Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Summary Dr Lendy Spires
Why Tourism & Intangible Cultural Heritage? UNWTO Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Intangible Cultural Heritage is embodied in those practices, expressions, knowledge, and skills, as well as in associated objects and cultural spaces, that communities and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Transmitted through generations and constantly recreated, it provides humanity with a sense of identity and continuity.* This global wealth of traditions has become one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and experience the global variety of performing arts, handicrafts, rituals, cuisines, and interpretations of nature and the universe.
As celebrated on World Tourism Day 2011, ‘Tourism – Linking Cultures’, the cultural interaction spurred by such encounters prompts dialogue, builds understanding, and, in turn, fosters tolerance and peace. One of the challenges currently facing the tourism sector is to contribute to the identification, protection and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage through tourism development. Fostering the responsible use of this living heritage for tourism purposes can provide new employment opportunities, help alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration among the young and marginally-employed, and nurture a sense of pride among communities.
Tourism also offers a powerful incentive for preserving and enhancing intangible cultural heritage, as the revenue it generates can be channelled back into initiatives to aid its long-term survival. Intangible cultural heritage must be thoughtfully managed if it is to survive in an increasingly globalised world. True partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage sectors can only occur if all sides develop a genuine appreciation for each other’s aspirations and values.
This RSA research network workshop in Catalonia, Spain, aims to discuss the ways in which
established tourism destinations might become spaces where social innovation and regional
development progress through revitalisation, as well as how the development of global
responsible tourism policies might be fostered in this process. This workshop will be launched in Vila-seca Campus (URV). 10-13th February 2014
The ‘Storydoers Handbook’ is a testament to the culmination of the project’s efforts and embodies the essence of the ‘Storydoers: Digital Storydoing for Local Tourism” initiative.
This open-source transmedia manual serves as a reservoir of invaluable insights, offering concrete applications that translate the acquired knowledge, skills and competences into actionable strategies. Created with meticulous precision, the manual aims to empower local tourism businesses by equipping them with the tools they need to navigate the intricacies of digital storydoing.
This document summarizes norms related to cultural tourism. It discusses both social/cultural norms and legal norms that govern tourism, focusing on cultural tourism. Cultural tourism involves traveling to experience other cultures and involves tourism to urban cultural attractions as well as rural areas showcasing local traditions. Both cultural and legal norms impact tourism management and development. Governments must balance economic benefits of tourism with preserving local cultures and minimizing negative social impacts on host communities. Respecting local populations and finding ways for them to benefit from tourism can help address some challenges.
Barcelona has been a leader in addressing overtourism issues since the early 2000s. The city developed a strategy of territorial deconcentration of tourism and promoting tourism that respects residents and local culture. Key aspects of Barcelona's approach include developing district tourism plans, managing tourist accommodation, improving resident quality of life, and ensuring tourism benefits citizens. The current plan emphasizes sustainability, responsibility, redistribution, cohesion and innovation to balance tourism growth with its impacts on the city.
Mass tourism in historic cities, the role of civil organizations in the case ...Bunt Arquitectura
Malaga is the administrative capital of the Costa del Sol, however, it has remained out of the mass tourism
until the last decade. Coinciding with the obsolescence of the port facilities, the city has found an
opportunity in cruise tourism, becoming the second largest Spanish destination in this sector. The main
attractive of Malaga is being the birthplace of one of the most revolutionary painters, Pablo Picasso;
developing a large program for museums and hotels openings, cultural events and urban projects over the
last few years in order to create an atmosphere suitable for all visitors’ tastes. On the other hand, this
process is also creating monofunctional sectors, gentrification and theming of the principal Historic Site
areas. This implies to focus on restoration plans and on projecting an image according to the one that
tourists expect to see. In this context, several civil organizations have been formed to denounce heritage
losses, social marginality and identity simplification through collaborative works that join web 2.0,
participative cartography and academic research. We present a selection of these works.
The document summarizes an observation by the Observatory on Smart Cities at Politecnico di Milano on smart cities and cultural heritage. It provides an overview of the observatory, its methodology involving case studies, and interpretations. Specific cases discussed include 72hours urban action, Fuorisalone.it, and Urban Trekking. Key interpretations are around balancing citizens and visitors, integrating permanent and temporary uses of cultural heritage, blending physical and virtual experiences, and ensuring business models and respect for local context ('genius loci') support initiatives.
Guide for city professionals whole textBengikadioglu
The document discusses a project by UNESCO and UN-HABITAT to create an inclusive cities toolkit to promote social integration and inclusion of migrants. The toolkit aims to provide practical guidance for cities and organizations on developing inclusive policies and practices. It emphasizes migrants' rights to the city and participation in social, economic, political and cultural life regardless of legal status.
We are delighted to share with you the exciting news about our latest initiative at Storydoers. We have recently run a comprehensive training combo aimed at promoting the digitisation of SMEs in the rural tourism sector as part of the Erasmus+ Programme.
The training combo comprises a series of engaging and informative sessions designed to improve the digital skills and capabilities of entrepreneurs in the local tourism sector. Our aim is to equip these businesses with the tools and knowledge they need to thrive in the digital age.
STORYDOERS. DIGITAL STORYDOING FOR LOCAL TOURISM is an initiative to foster responsible tourism skills and digitalisation of people in rural areas of Europe.
STORYDOERS is a project co-funded by the Erasmus + programme of the European Commission.
The consortium consists of:
Ecosystem Europe
Diesis Network
Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
AITR-Turismo Responsabile
Walora
Wazo Coop
Smart tourism is an upcoming and novel exhortation applied to portray the growing reliance of tourism destinations globally. The tourism industry and its consumers (tourists) are emerging forms of information and communications technology (ICT) that permit for substantial quota of information in the form of data to be modified into value propositions. Nevertheless, it remains vague concept, which hampers its theoretical development. The efforts in this study are put together for defining smart tourism, and the research sheds light on present trends in smart tourism, and then laying out its business and technological establishment. This is pursued by a concise dialogue on the scenario and limitations of smart tourism. The research further draws attention to the immense call for investigation to enlighten smart tourism management and development in present scenario.
The project had its fundamentals from the OCSE Manual “A guide for local
governments, communities and museums ” that explains the importance and effect
on local community of transforming a museum from a place to visit into a “living
museum”, seen from the citizens and local government like the central point of the
local development.
The document discusses the Competence Research Center CICtourGUNE, which conducts research in tourism and human mobility. It has three main research areas: Tourism Systems in the Digital Age, which takes a systems approach to studying tourism using new data analysis techniques; Human Mobility and Technology; and Tourism and Environments. CICtourGUNE aims to improve the competitiveness of the Basque economy by generating scientific and technological advances through collaborative, multidisciplinary research.
This 10-month postdoctoral research project at the University of Lyon 2 in France will examine tourist behaviors and experiences through the lenses of consumer culture theory and service-dominant logic. The researcher will conduct a literature review and online study to understand how social media, friends, and other tourists co-create experiences with tourism providers. The goals are to publish papers in tourism and marketing journals, present findings at conferences, and advise PhD students. Key areas of focus include experience co-creation, social media, new types of tourists, and implications for how the tourism industry engages with customers.
NECSTouR is a network of European regions committed to sustainable and competitive tourism. It represents regional authorities and tourism associations. The document summarizes NECSTouR's activities promoting regional cooperation, research, and contributing to EU tourism policy. Key areas discussed include sustainable tourism indicators, innovation, accessibility, climate change mitigation, and ongoing/closed/awarded projects involving member regions.
Sustainable Tourism and Culture: A Symbiotic RelationshipIEREK Press
Cultural Tourism offers a strong motivation to preserve the elements of cultural heritage in tourist destinations. It helps to preserve cultural elements as important tourist attractions. Cultural tourism’s notion is unlimited to visiting monumental attractions only, but it has also become an interactive experience with the social fabric of the community through attending exhibitions, festivals and events,and the purchase of traditional local products. Thus, the human capital factor in tourism is linked to the quality of tourism products. With the growth of international tourism, the importance of sustainable tourism development has emerged to protect natural, cultural, and human resources, in addition to achieving economic development. As non-sustainable tourism development has led to the deterioration of tourism resources. This research paper examines if cultural tourism contributes to decrease tourism seasonality and achieve sustainable tourism development in cultural heritage sites. A case study of Aswan was selected. Aswan has unique and important elements of cultural heritage (Tangible and Intangible), but it still faces many problems like tourism seasonality, besides its tourism is still weak compared with other cities that have the same tourism potential. Based on a literature review and analytical study of global examples that achieved sustainability in cultural heritage sites, a field study of Aswan was conducted to evaluate the current status of cultural tourism, besides illustrating the challenges of achieving sustainability. The major result that has emerged from the study is paying attention to cultural tourism is the possible solution to the challenges that Aswan tourism faces. Finally, the paper concluded that investment in human capital creates opportunities for cultural tourism which in return resolves one of tourism’s major challenges: seasonality.
Keynote speaker, Chair and Call for Papers:
Papers are invited on these topics as well as papers using other economic methodologies to analyse the visitor economy or issues relating to it.
Deadline for abstract submission: 26 May 2017
Conference Theme: Smart Tourism, Smart Cities, Smart Living
The Visitor Economy: Strategies and Innovations Conference
4th-6th September 2017
Bournemouth University
In this paper, tourism is being explored as a social and economic phenomenon affecting the entire economic and social life. Therefore, there is a need to approach the overall tourism development more accurately and with greater responsibility based on principles of sustainability. In this context, the aim of the research in this paper is to identify and evaluate indicators that support the sustainable development of tourism. Selected patterns of sustainable development indicators from various available systems were used in the research. The research will examine the hypothesis that links sustainable development, responsible and excellence-based tourism using Istria as an example. We also confirm that the link between sustainable development, responsible tourism and destination excellence is measurable and unbreakable.
Augmented Reality (AR) Business Models In Urban Cultural Heritage Tourist De...Sarah Brown
This document discusses augmented reality (AR) business models in urban cultural heritage tourism. It first reviews literature on AR technology, its use in cultural heritage tourism, and business models. AR can enhance the tourist experience by providing personalized information and replacing tour guides. However, an optimal AR business model has yet to crystallize given the evolving technology. The document then proposes using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews and surveys, to understand stakeholder requirements and develop a multi-stakeholder AR business model for implementing AR in urban cultural heritage destinations.
Semelhante a Published Paper in the Proceedgins of the 1st UNWTO World Conference on Smart Destinations in Murcia (Spain) 15-17 Feb 2017 (20)
Basque settlement increased in the western states of the US decades ago, particularly in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Alongside this migration phenomenon, Basque Studies programs have been emerging at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), Boise State University (BSU), and California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), particularly in the humanities, including history, anthropology, linguistics, and literature. The impact of the pandemic in Basque e-Diasporic communities in California, Idaho, and Nevada, and, consequently, the deep digitalization process being undertaken at the abovementioned universities, has resulted in an increasing demand for an articulated strategy in community engagement through action research. To respond to this timely challenge, the article suggests a need for a transition towards a Social Science transdisciplinary roadmap to support Basque e-diasporic communities. Basque Studies programs have the potential to act as a transformational policy driver through their virtual connections with the Basque Country and key homeland institutions. This article explores this necessary transition through action research by acknowledging the potential for the three abovementioned US states and the Basque Country to set up a transformational e-Diaspora.
To cite this journal article:
Calzada, I. & Arranz, I. (2022), Western US Basque-American e-Diaspora: Action Research in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Societies 12(6), 153. DOI:10.3390/soc12060153.
Dr Calzada's Fulbright Scholar-In-Residence reception took place on 10th October 2022 at California State University, Bakersfield. This event contributed to launch the Institute for Basque Studies (IBS) through a renewed academic programme based on trans-disciplinarity, entrepreneurship, and digitalisation by connecting the Basque Country, Wales, and California. The Fulbright reception event presentation focused on opportunities both at the city-regional level for Central Valley as well as from e-diaspora perspective in relation to Boise and Reno's Basque Studies programme. It is up to the IBS now to implement core foundations stemming from Fulbright S-I-R's programme led by Dr Calzada as PI. An efficient coordination within the CSUB and strategic stakeholders under the supervision of the PI in Bakersfield and Kern County will be required to make this Fulbright S-I-R's foundational statement feasible and doable, which should actively endure over time. The 5th December 2022, alongside the IBS-Etxepare agreement signature, a workshop will be held by the IBS to wrap up and put into practice Fulbright SIR-IBS programme's foundational formulation from January 2023 onwards being that co-led by the PI and IBS.
To cite this document/presentation:
Calzada, I. (2022). Fulbright Scholar-In-Residence (S-I-R) Reception. California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), October 10, Bakersfield, California: USA. DOI: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28746.85448.
Smart City Citizenship provides rigorous analysis for academics and policymakers on the participatory processes and practices of smart cities to help integrate ICT-related innovation into urban life. Unlike other smart city books that are often edited collections, this book focuses on the business domain and the technological disruptions themselves, also examining the role of citizens and the democratic governance issues raised from an interdisciplinary perspective. As smart city research is a fast-growing topic of scientific inquiry and evolving rapidly, this book is an ideal reference for a much needed discussion.
To cite this book: Calzada, I. (2020), Smart City Citizenship, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc. ISBN-10: 0128153008 ISBN-13: 978-0128153000
Further information:
ELSEVIER
https://www.elsevier.com/books/smart-city-citizenship/calzada/978-0-12-815300-0
AMAZON
https://www.amazon.in/Smart-City-Citizenship-Igor-Calzada/dp/0128153008/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1565528866&refinements=p_27%3AIgor+Calzada&s=books&sr=1-2
Abstract:
In light of the recent ‘tourism-phobia’, there is a need to better understand how tourism could be transformed through new business and social models. Attempts have been made, for example, to identify which experimental tourism models would align with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nonetheless, research remains scant and the policy paradigm slightly out of date. With the pervasive proliferation of tourism services provided by big tech multinationals such as AirBnB and Uber and the rapid algorithmic disruption of the so-called “sharing economy” paradigm, several European cities and regions are seeking to mitigate the negative side-effects caused by “platform capitalism” in their neighborhoods and local communities. These side-effects include gentrification, privatization of public space, inherent conflicts between visitors/tourists and residents/locals, environmental damage, and precarious working conditions, among others. Thus, this paper explores why tourism in Europe requires new business and social models to neutralise this algorithmic disruption and modify the extractivist neoliberal logic in tourism to develop new, transformative, techno-political, bottom-up, and networked strategies stemming from the city-regional realm. Against the backdrop of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU that has recently taken effect on 25 May 2018, this paper argues that a new, transformative, tourism paradigm could emerge from the European political left. The push of the city-regional resurgence beyond established nation-states could enable grassroots and institutional tourism initiatives to take the lead and coordinate a political response to achieve further sustainable, equitable, and, ultimately, democratic technological sovereignty in diverse localities through Europe. In conclusion, this paper posits city-regional, bottom-up, and networked dynamics characterised by the GDPR as an opportunity to establish a new techno-political paradigm in tourism by overcoming data and algorithmic extractivist practices.
To cite this publication: Calzada, I. (2020), Seeing Tourism Transformations in Europe through Algorithmic, Techno-Political and City-Regional Lenses, In Transforming Tourism: Regional Perspectives on a Global Phenomenon. Edited by the Coppieters and Ezkerraberri Foundations. 2020/01. Chapter 6. pp 74-89. Brussels: Centre Maurits Coppieters CMC. ISBN: 978-90-826321-0-1. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.33522.45769/1.
ABSTRACT: This article draws on the thorny topic of the Social Innovation (SI). Particularly, it revolves around the role of those social movements promoting the Basque language not only in relation to their organisational models but also to their holistic strategy to tackle inevitably digital, urban, and political challenges surfaced by the disruptions stemming from the post-COVID society.
To cite this article:
Calzada, I. (2020), The Role of Social Movements in the Social Innovation (SI): Euskaraldia as a Digital Panopticon. BAT Aldizkaria 115(2): 00-00. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35980.05763/2. [Preprint] Forthcoming. CC BY-NC 4.0
Video:
https://youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1444&v=lygDohSla6g&feature=emb_logo
Slides:
https://www.slideshare.net/topagunea/topaldia-2020-igor-calzada-oxfordeko-unibertsitatea
General link:
https://topaldia.topagunea.eus/topaldia-2020/igor-calzada/
Over the last decades, globalisation has led to a new class of global citizens. While the access to this global citizenship is still not spread evenly, many have enjoyed the freedom to move, work, and travel with no limits. However, this cosmopolitan globalisation rhetoric of a borderless world has been drastically slowed down by Covid-19. This pandemic has introduced a new level of uncertainty in global affairs and led many to question whether citizens will be able to continue enjoying the freedom of movement once the crisis is over. To share this article: https://apolitical.co/en/solution_article/will-covid-19-be-the-end-of-the-global-citizen To cite this article: Calzada, I. (2020), Will Covid-19 be the end of the global citizen? Apolitical. Retrieved from: https://apolitical.co/en/solution_article/will-covid-19-be-the-end-of-the-global-citizen DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11942.27208/1.
Dr Igor Calzada participates on 26th and 27th September 2019 in Barcelona on the ‘Workshop on Public Policy, Cities and the State’ co-organised by the UPF (Barcelona) and SciencesPo (Paris). He presents a paper about a forthcoming publication:
Calzada, I. (2020), Emerging Citizenship Regimes and Rescaling (European) Nation-States: Algorithmic, Liquid, Metropolitan and Stateless Citizenship Ideal Types. In Sami Moisio, Andrew EG Jonas, Natalie Koch, Christopher Lizotte, Juho Luukkonen and Matthew Sparke (eds), Handbook on the Changing Geographies of the State: New Spaces of Geopolitics. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. [Forthcoming] DOI: 10.13140:RG.2.2.17301.6832/1.
Here is the reference of the paper:
Calzada, I. (2019), Emerging Citizenship Regimes and Rescaling (European) Nation-States: Algorithmic, Liquid, Metropolitan and Stateless Citizenship Ideal Types. Workshop on Public Policy, Cities and the State jointly co-organised by the Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Barcelona (UPF), Department of Political and Social Sciences & SciencesPo (Centre d’Études Européennes et de Politique Comparée)-Paris, UPF, 26-27 Sept., Barcelona (Spain).
This is a periodistic article published on September 8, 2019, in the Basque newspaper Berria, which is entirely in Basque language. The article revolves around the volatile Brexit context by giving several insights referring to the democratic dysfunctional nature of Brexit whatsoever and elaborating from an sketchy and nuanced analysis on the unequal scenarios and future prospects for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
To cite this article:
Calzada, I. (2019), Brexit: Erraietatik. Berria. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.15258.59849.
AI is now an important component of sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, public administration and transportation, and is helping to address major challenges such as ageing and climate change. However, there is currently a lack of transparency in algorithmic governance systems, and this is worsened when these algorithms are integrated into already opaque governance structures in our cities. Moreover, over the past decade, the propagation of sensors and data collection machines in so-called ‘smart cities’ by both the public and the private sectors has created democratic challenges around AI, surveillance capitalism, and protecting citizens’ digital rights to privacy and ownership.
This is a policy report elaborated by the Basque Studies' Society to collect a wide range of opinions on the prospective nature of the Basque territory. Dr Calzada has contributed to the report in a 'Collective Authorship' fashion.
This is the report published on 25th June 2018 by the All-Party Parliamentary Group of the UK Government entitled: 'Intelligent leadership: How government strategy can unlock the potential of smart cities in the UK' to which Dr Calzada from the University of Oxford has contributed to.
Journal article published in @GlocalismJ on 'Do Digital Social Networks Foster Civilian #Participation among #Millennials? Kitchenware Revolution & #15M Democratic Regeneration cases' #Iceland & #Spain #technopolitics #democracy #socialmedia #OpenAccess http://www.glocalismjournal.net/issues/beyond-democracy-innovation-as-politics/articles/do-digital-social-networks-foster-civilian-partecipation-among-millenials-kitchenware-revolution-and-15m-democratic-regeneration-cases.kl
Territories is a new and innovative international journal that covers the evolution of theories, notions and concepts, facts and interpretations of empirical analysis related to the field of regional studies. The journal aims to publish original research from an interdisciplinary angle, which deals with the economic, socio-political, environmental and philosophical dimensions of urban and non-urban (post-national) regions. The specific goal of Territories stands on the study, debate and intellectual argument on how the global scenario provokes a new understanding, recognition and evolution of regional realities around the world, which go beyond the national concept. This journal will publish papers that engage with the economic and political conditions that have a founded impact towards regional realities, and vice versa. It is important to note that
this reverse angle is crucial to understand the global scene today. Territories represents a new agora where to bring critical perspectives that may help to understand and change the current hegemonic conditions.
Calzada, I. (2018) From Smart Cities to Experimental Cities? In Vincenzo Mario Bruno Giorgino and Zachary David Walsh (eds), Co-Designing Economies in Transition: Radical Approaches in Dialogue with Contemplative Social Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 191-217. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66592-4_11.
This document provides the draft agenda for a workshop on replicating smart city solutions from the SCC1 projects in follower cities. The workshop will include sessions on the policy context of smart cities, an introduction to replication, and parallel replication workshops on low energy districts, integrated infrastructure, and urban mobility. These workshops will involve presentations from industrial and city partners, as well as discussions on overcoming barriers and the changes needed to successfully replicate smart solutions. The event aims to help follower cities learn from the successful SCC1 projects and implement similar smart city solutions.
Dr Calzada has been kindly invited by the Barcelona City Council to take part in the Board of Directors of the Barcelona City Council on 17th January 2018. His presentation has been elaborated in collaboration with ESADE Business School. The title is: 'Cities & Data: Com el Digital, #BigData & #DataScience està transformant els governs'.
Dr Calzada will be teaching as an invited invited and guest lecturer on the MIT Metro Lab Initiative in Boston, Massachusetts on 11th January 2018 on 'Political Regionalism and Metropolitan Governance: Devolution, Metropolitanisation, and the Right to Decide'.
The MIT Metro Lab Initiative have held another edition in which Dr Calzada will contribute to the section: Co-creating the metro discipline that will take place from 8th to 12th January 2018.
During this time, he will be part of the instructors of the theme Metropolitan Governance by addressing the specific and delicate issue of legitimacy. Dr Calzada will examine how a new political regionalism pattern claims expressed and embodied via geo-democratic practices.
Here is the brochure of the entire course.
Dr Calzada will be teaching as an invited invited and guest lecturer on the MIT Metro Lab Initiative in Boston, Massachusetts on 11th January 2018 on 'Political Regionalism and Metropolitan Governance: Devolution, Metropolitanisation, and the Right to Decide'.
The MIT Metro Lab Initiative have held another edition in which Dr Calzada will contribute to the section: Co-creating the metro discipline that will take place from 8th to 12th January 2018.
During this time, he will be part of the instructors of the theme Metropolitan Governance by addressing the specific and delicate issue of legitimacy. Dr Calzada will examine how a new political regionalism pattern claims expressed and embodied via geo-democratic practices.
Here is abstract of his presentation on 11th January 2018, in Boston, Massachusetts (USA).
This document outlines the schedule and curriculum for a 10-day metropolitan leadership training program at MIT. Each day focuses on a different theme related to metropolitan areas and includes sessions led by instructors from MIT, the Metro Lab, the World Bank, and other organizations. The schedule provides details on session topics, times, locations, and instructors for presentations, workshops, field visits and discussions covering issues such as metropolitan environments, infrastructure, governance, and leadership.
This document announces a workshop on rethinking the urban commons in European city-regions. The workshop will be held in Brussels on February 12, 2018 and is the final event in a series funded by the ESRC on bridging European urban transformations from 2016-2018. The workshop aims to conceptualize the idea of the urban commons and discuss its potential for addressing challenges around austerity, social innovation, and urban governance. Speakers will explore topics like housing cooperatives, informal settlements, and social innovation initiatives as examples of the urban commons. The goal is to bring together academics, policymakers, activists, and others to reflect on and debate the future of the commons in European cities and regions.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdfBharat Mata
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Published Paper in the Proceedgins of the 1st UNWTO World Conference on Smart Destinations in Murcia (Spain) 15-17 Feb 2017
1. 1
Translocal Strategies for Experimenting
with Smart Tourism Labs in Zumaia:
The Case of the Basque Coast Geopark,
Basque Country (Spain)
Dr Igor Calzada MBA1 and Ana Arranz2
1 University of Oxford,
ESRC Urban Transformations & Future of Cities Programmes,
56 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6QS, United Kingdom
e-mail: igor.calzada@compas.ox.ac.uk
http://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/find-an-expert/dr-igor-calzada
www.igorcalzada.com/about
2 Translokal Academic Entrepreneurship for Policy Making,
2 Arritokieta 14, Zumaia 20750, Basque Country, Spain,
e-mail: info@translokal.com
www.translokal.com
2. 2
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a preliminary action research methodology based on living labs to overcome the
current and simplistic one-size-fits-all big-data-driven smart tourism policy approach. Located in Zumaia,
in the coast of the Basque Country (Spain), an experiment will be depicted innovative/democratic ways of
touristic policy-making practices at the local level in respond to an increasing trend of visitors. Given the
lack of attention about qualitative/ethnographic/strategic policy-making tools in the conventional
governance realm, this paper shows a contextually-based living lab experimental methodology to co-
create a prospective strategy building processes with local agents represented and fit in the multi-
stakeholders Penta Helix framework.
Keywords: Smart Tourism; Smart Destinations; Living Labs; Unesco Global Geoparks; Multi-stakeholders.
To cite this article:
Calzada, I. & Arranz, A. (2017), Translocal Strategies for Experimenting with Smart Tourism Labs in Zumaia: The Case
of the Basque Coast Geopark, Basque Country (Spain), paper accepted and published in the Proceedings in the 1st
UNWTO World Conference on Smart Destinations, Murcia (Spain).
3. 3
1. INTRODUCTION: TRANSLOCAL STRATEGIES TOWARDS SMART TOURISM
Despite the geopolitical world context, which is characterised by increasing boundaries to human mobility
in an uneven realm full of walls and borders, the current pattern of tourism has not been diminished. In
fact, translocal mobility, reflecting a wide range of motivations, emotions, tools, destinations and
strategies, provides new opportunities to analyse, experiment and propose new smart policies that
facilitate the transition to unexplored tourism models. Particularly remarkable are the experiences in
many places regarding the role of tourists as visitors and locals as residents in experimental interventions
for empowering local communities in remote coastal regions. This is the case of the coastal village of
Zumaia (Basque Country) in Spain, which is establishing a new participatory local strategy for tourism
after two remarkable events with clear tourism-related consequences for the community: first, the
success in attacting and gaining 50% of visitors to the high-valued geological area of the Basque Coast
Global Geopark1
, particularly also known as the flysch, and second, the filming of scenes from Season 7 of
the blockbuster TV series Game of Thrones in the surroundings of the village. This paper thus will depict
the specific current touristic, social, economic and political context of Zumaia to better understand the
project that has recently kicked off: ‘Experimenting with Smart Tourism Labs’. This project, based on
ethnographic and strategic techniques derived from action research, aims to set up a participatory
itinerary while implementing a prospective view by considering a wide range of stakeholders . The multi-
stakeholder scheme will follow the Penta-Helix framework by encompassing local authorities, the private
sector, academia and research centres, civil society and social entrepreneurs and activists. Ultimately, the
inner perception and outside projection of the touristic assets shared by residents and visitors contribute
as much as activities and the infrastructure in the village do toward establishing a credible translocal
tourism strategy. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that Zumaia be developed as a ‘smart destination’
without input from the different stakeholders. As such, ‘smart’ technological solutions that take
advantage of the so-called Open Data or Big Data, in the era of ‘dataism’, have not always been focused
on necessities and usability. In order to shed some light on this debate, this paper will present some
preliminary methodological guidelines to undertake the aforementioned action research project in the
village of Zumaia. By blending hospitality management, experience economy, ‘knowmads’ and millennials
and by connecting talent and sustainable tourism, among other trends, this paper explores the
opportunities for Zumaia in the Basque Coast Geopark by setting up a ‘Smart Tourism Lab’. More broadly,
the ‘Smart Tourism Lab’ will consider the village itself as an open platform merging technological
ownership, local economy, culturally-rooted tradition, inclusive identity, international openness, political
bridging (social capital), and social innovation for setting up an innovative touristic prospective strategy.
As a preliminary statement for the 1st UNWTO World Conference on Smart Destinations, it should be
noted that ‘smart tourism destination management has become more complex since current
developments in technology have empowered the collective integration of resources for value co-creation
by all actors within the smart tourism destination ecosystem’ (Boes et al., 2016). However, in some cases
of ‘smart tourism’ (Gretzel et al., 2015), ‘smart destinations’ (Gobierno de España & Segittur, 2015) and
‘sustainable tourism’ (Buckley, 2012; World Summit on Sustainable Tourism 2015), there is evidence of
socio-political, socio-technical and socio-economic misalignments in the relationship between the locals
(residents, or simply, citizens) and the visitors (or simply, tourists). The most paradigmatic case these days
seems to be Barcelona (Adjuntament de Barcelona, 2016; Cócola, A., 2015; Llambea, 2016), but already
there are other well-known cases such as the 2020 Tourism Strategy of Copenhagen that branded itself as
‘The End of Tourism as We Know It’ (Wonderful Copenhagen, 2017). The fact is that beyond the
technodeterministic imperative of the ‘smartness’ in our hyper-connected societies these days (Calzada et
al., 2015), there is an urgent need for experimental policy-making processes between tourists/visitors and
locals/residents (Thackara, 2017). Actually, the next post-crisis economic model should embrace such a
socio-technical complexity, instead of simply reducing it (Thackara, 2005 & 2015). In this regard, the
1
Basque Coast UNESCO Global Geopark. http://geoparkea.com/?lang_code=en
4. 4
popular geographer David Harvey recently visited Barcelona in order to engage publicly with local
stakeholders in analysing the urban side-effects of gentrification in Barcelona, given the way in which the
so-called ‘sharing economy’ companies such as Airbnb and Uber, among others, have been operating
(Stone, 2016). Hence, there is a correlation between certain ‘smart’ interventions and the not-always-
positive side-effects for the city, and particularly, for certain segments of the population (Harvey, 2016).
Generally speaking, ‘smart tourism’ (OECD, 2016; UNWTO, 2016; World Tourism Organization, 2016) has
emerged as a concept that enables destinations to build their local economies in relation to global
exchange/competitiveness patterns based on the interoperability of systems and co-creation of tourism
products between all stakeholders. These patterns, based on emergent smart cities and smart living
developments, take city principles to urban or rural areas and not only consider residents but also tourists
in their efforts to support mobility, resource availability and allocation, sustainability and quality of
life/visits. The smart city idea from the critical social innovation perspective means that a new paradigm is
required when bottom-up interventions are the key governance challenge in the postgrowth era (Calzada,
2016; Calzada et al., 2015). The need for a new paradigm is apparent in the effects of some disruptive
private initiatives such as Uber and AirBnB, among others, which are altering the traditional dynamic
between the locals/residents and the trans-locals/tourists by combining the practice of travelling, the
changing nature of the mobile way of living and new understandings of the place itself (Peretta, 2014).
Smart strategies can bring together the need to use technological innovations to develop regional socio-
economic development of territories towards social innovation and governance and create value to all
stakeholders. As such, new patterns of using technology, travelling and even living are increasingly
producing a large number of apps, software applications for user engagement, bottom-up decision-
making pervasive processes, user-driven innovation platforms, collective intelligence initiatives and
crowdfunding projects (Eatwith, 2016; Hjalager, 2015; Minube, 2016; Refuga, 2016; Sustain Green, 2017).
In this context, the availability of data and, more particularly, the governance models of these data are
part of the new condition in cities and of being citizens, regardless of whether or not those are
locals/residents or visitors/tourists.
This paper addresses a specific research and policy intervention called ‘Smart Tourism Labs’ in the village
of Zumaia, Basque Country (Spain). The principal aims is to innovate with the local actors different
meanings of translocality2
. As Brickell et al. (2011) stated, ‘translocality consists of a multi-scalar
repertoire of connections between here and there that span across imaginations, practices and affects’.
2. STATE-OF-THE-ART: PROSPECTIVE TOURISTIC INNOVATION
According to OECD (2016), ‘rapid growth in international tourism flows, new consumer trends,
digitalisation of the economy, security issues, and adaptation to climate change are among the major
challenges facing the tourism sector. These will require active, innovative and integrated policy responses
to ensure that tourism remains a competitive sector and continues to deliver economically and
sustainably in the years to come’.
UNESCO Global Geoparks (Basque Coast UNESCO Global Geopark, 2017; Farsani, et al., 2011; Geoparkea
Euskal Kostaldea Costa Vasca, 2012; Geoparkea Euskal Kostaldea Costa Vasca, 2012; UNESCO Global
Geopark, 2017; UNESCO Global Geoparks & United Nations, 2016) offer an opportunity to provide a
network of unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance
are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development and to
provide to local people a sense of pride in their region and a means of strengthen their identification with
the area. While developing geotourism, the establishment of geoparks can generate new job
opportunities, new economic activities and additional sources of income, especially in rural regions
(Farsani et. al, 2013). Rural coastal regions show an outstanding context to promote sustainable
2
www.translokal.com/about
5. 5
development goals while blending the rural and the urban in a new mix (Andersen et al., 2016).
Particularly, the Basque city-region (Calzada, 2011) presents a mountainous landscape that merges the
rural and the urban in a new innovative and sustainable outcome: RUrban.
Saxena (2016) has studied the way rural tourism could be promoted from the marketing perspective.
However, in the case of this paper, in Zumaia, and also in many small coastal rural villages in Europe,
smart tourism should be more about gaining strategic and prospective capabilities and scaling them up,
rather than just about ‘foreigner’-franchised smart-technology-in-the-box purchases. Thus, in this paper
the focus is on experimenting a prospective touristic innovation within the key stakeholders in the village.
According to Boes et al. (2016), smart tourism refers to the fastness and the value of co-creation, which
requires collective leadership constructively engaged with the local community by ensuring a highly
representative participation and deliberation process and regularly monitorised action plan. It is
noteworthy then, how in a remote and ‘isolated’ country such as Iceland, which was hit dramatically by
the financial crisis (Casado et al., 2015; Iceland Academy, 2016; Jóhannesson, 2010), the prospective
touristic innovation has been developing for years through an avant-garde proposal flavoured with Open
Data platforms and initiatives.
3. CONTEXT: RURBAN LOCAL LIVING LABS & EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITIES
This article aims to incorporate the intervention via Living Labs to the socio-territorial feature of the
rurban community. Associated with the Open Social Innovation, ‘Smart Tourism Lab, ZumaiaLab’ aims to
set up an experimental community to discuss, debate, prototype and deliberate touristic products,
initiatives, services, platforms, technologies and ideas that will encourage co-creation, user engagement,
citizen testing and experimentation facilities targeting innovation in the field of tourism.
The notion of the Living Labs was coined by Professor William Michell from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) in Boston. People from the world outside were invited into living laboratories where
ethnographers and other researchers observed how they used newly invented information technology.
Later on, the concept has moved out of the laboratories and into the real world. There have been
numerous attempts to define what a Living Lab is, but there is no firm consensus in the literature. We see
living labs as innovation platforms where the stakeholders develop and exchange ideas in a community. In
the context of the Smart City debate (Keith et al., 2016), an slight evolution from smartness to
experimentation, as something already given or produced for us, can be noticed. As such, ‘smart citizens’
are already being considered as decision makers rather than just data providers (Calzada, 2017).
In the regional context of the Basque Country in Spain, and after gradually overcoming the dramatic
consequences of the political violence (Voltes-Dorta et al., 2016), in order to understand the socio-
political challenge at the micro/community level and to suggest an experimental implementation
considering the mutual stakeholders’ interdependencies, a dynamic strategic intervention has been
suggested in the coastal village of Zumaia by having an experimental community at the heart of its
touristic policy.
Zumaia is located in the cross-border Euroregion Euskadi-Navarre-Aquitaine, in the region of the Urola-
Coast in Gipuzkoa (Eusko Jaurlaritza/Gobierno Vasco, 2012; 2014; 2015). Zumaia is lapped by the sea and
nestled in the bay formed by the mouths of the rivers Urola and Narrondo. With a population of around
9,800 inhabitants, it is configured as a rural area with a high density of population and a GPD per capita of
35,742 € with an unemployment rate of 10.55%. Above 70% of the population uses the Basque language
(Heller et al., 2014) and demonstrates a strong sense of identity in relation to the territory, the natural
environment and traditions. Zumaia, being part of the Basque Coast Geopark, has a natural protected
area with a highly valued geological heritage: 13 km of cliffs with a spectacular formation of rock layers
known as flysch deposits. It has excellent transport links and is close to the three Basque capitals; San
Sebastian is only 30 minutes by car and Bilbao, 50 minutes.
6. 6
The type of seasonal tourism predominant in the region is beginning to congest and change the habits of
mature destinations like San Sebastian. The high attractive value of Zumaia makes it one of the local
destinations that absorb part of these visitors. Just as British in rural France spend much time and effort in
trying to become ‘local’ (Brotherton, 2015), the visitors respect with the environment and community. In
fact, the challenge is becoming quite straight-forward: how to ‘localise’ visitors through their temporary
and partial experience by achieving a richer, mutually ‘profitable’, whatever it is, visit and the local
scenery enrichment? On the other hand, during the year there is a type of targeted tourism connected to
knowledge and research. We can argue that the first one is more leisure-oriented tourist ideal-type
(experiential tourist) and the second one is more knowledge-driven tourist ideal-type (cognitive tourist).
At present, a turning point and urgent policy response is required regarding the exponential and rapid
growth of the local, national and international visitors in the last years as consequence of the promotion
in the UNESCO Global Geoparks3
network and, short term, the expected increase due to the super-
production of the worldwide well-known cinematographic series called Game of Thrones4
(Telegraph,
2016), among other international and national blockbusters.
Guaranteeing regional coordination of hospitality management and the tourism experience, the
government and public agencies, mainly the UNWTO, the UNESCO Global Geoparks, the Basque Coast
Geopark, the Basque Government, the San Sebastian Metropolitan area, the Coast Community of Urola
and the City-Council of Zumaia, have developed strategies that comprise a consolidated tourism model
defined by gastronomy, beaches, heritage and traditions, festivals, fishing, sport, tourism of health, routes
and guided tours (Dwyer et al., 2012). Of particular interest are the strategies implemented by the Basque
Coast Geopark, which carries out its educational mission through the Interpretation Centre Algorri. The
creation of innovative local enterprises, new jobs and high-quality training courses has stimulated new
sources of revenue, generated through geotourism, while the geological resources of the area are
protected (Farsani et al., 2010).
3
List of UNESCO Global Geopark http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth-
sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/list-of-unesco-global-geoparks/
4
Mapped: Every single Game of Thrones filming location. Season 1-6. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-
graphics/game-of-thrones-filming-locations-guide/
7. 7
Figure 1: 69 EU Geoparks Network
Having tested the success of the Basque Coast Geopark, with an increase of 50% in visitors during the
summer period of the previous year, Zumaia is preparing itself to open the debate on a tourist model that
ensures the coexistence of locals and tourists in an open and participatory manner. It hopes to become a
sustainable smart destination and places its attention on experiences that unfold in remote places like
New Zealand, turned into a case of reference for becoming a filming location of the Lord of the Rings
Trilogy5
(The Lord of the Rings Filming Locations, 2016) and the international experience in planning and
management of sustainable tourism destinations in Iceland (Iceland Academy, 2016; Jóhannesson, et al.,
2010).
4. SCIENTIFIC & POLICY INTERVENTION: SMART TOURISM LABS, ZUMAIALAB
Considering the socio-demographic features of the village (Urola Kostako Udal Elkartea & Gura Market In,
2016; Zumaiako Udala & Elhuyar Aholkularitza, 2016), a living lab intervention has been designed as the
most suitable model of socio-territorial action. Thus, living lab inteventions usually include the following
features and principles (Guimont et al., 2016; Evans et al., 2017; Karvonen et al., 2014, Urban
Transformations, 2017):
1. A technology infrastructure
2. An ecosystem of stakeholders who can interact to develop and assess products, services, processes or
systems
3. An innovation process that is as open as possible
4. Users playing a key role as co-creators of the products, services and technologies being developed
5. A human-centric design approach that involves ethnographic observation, empathy and rapid
prototyping
5
The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Filming Locations. New Zealand. http://www.newzealand.com/au/feature/the-lord-
of-the-rings-trilogy-filming-locations/
8. 8
6. Sustained and meaningful interaction and community involvement
7. Consideration of users’ natural environments
Given the process involving a different range of stakeholders in the village, context management
platforms for tourism applications (Buján et al., 2013) could be considered initially. However, the focus
will be on the new tools and apps for travelling, and particularly, regarding the segment of population
known as ‘millennials’ due to their particular attitude towards new technological prototypes as early
adopters (Barton et al., 2013; Phocuswright, 2016; Wang & Xiang, 2012), new patterns of mobility known
as ‘knowmads’ (Moravec, 2013) and new values in life in general (Sinek, 2016). This segment of
population will be particularly observed ethnographically as testers but also as decision makers and
prosumers as well.
The project will carry out an action research methodology based on triangularisation techniques that
intertwine, on the one hand, a strategic and prospective policy formulation and active co-design with
multi-stakeholders, and on the other hand, an ethnographic approach of place from local and global
codes (translocal). The desinged dynamic encourages a certain kind of participation that searches for
diversity, heterogeneity, and quality of the opinions, more than in an agreement. A particular
ethnography will be produced about ‘millennials’, mobile technologies and entrepreneurial attitudes of
the local young population and also visitors by attempting to build bridges and create a natural
interaction between them.
Applying the 5-Systems6
(Calzada, 2015) framework to the local touristic ecosystem will allow us to
analyse the systems, factors and indicators involved in co-designing contexts that guarantee the touristic
innovation with a constructive dialogue between stakeholders in the Smart Tourism Labs called
ZumaiaLab. The 5-System is an holistic framework to identify innovative processes and to formulate
policies by considering systemically the whole range of socio-territorial governance systems.
5. INTERVENTION PROJECT & ACTION RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: EXPERIMENTING WITH SMART
TOURISM LABS IN ZUMAIA
The design of the Smart Tourism Lab for Zumaia that arises in this project is fundamentally driven by the
idea of fostering a transformative alliance in the policy field of tourism. As such, altering the dynamics in
the deliberative process and setting up a collaborative platform to show, disseminate and test ideas and
initiatives will revolutionise the touristic strategy for Zumaia.
The current tourism model for Zumaia needs to innovate so that business and destination can evolve and
advance in terms of sustainability, reputation and technology. The laboratory itself is presented as an
environment where cooperation is enabled to innovate in the macro, meso and micro scales within the
territorial systemic framework from the perspective of open social innovation (Calzada et al., 2013),
sending out international signs (global) which includes elements of its Idiosyncrasy with a locally-rooted
smart update.
In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to lay emphasis on connecting cutting-edge trends that are
modifying the way we understand tourism, mobility and the human experience in places:
1. Knowledge Exchange: based on an unlimited and open access information about destination with
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), Online Educational Resources (OER) and Augmented Reality
(AR); with the substantial participation of people with knowmads and millennial profiles.
6
Calzada, 2015. Available at: http://cityregions.org/the-future-of-city-regions/analytical-approach (accessed on 7th
February 2017).
9. 9
2. Experience Tourism: working concepts such as online reputation, hospitality management, internal
perception, and external projection.
3. (Un)plugging: in terms of the extent to which ICT enriches or ruins the vacation experience (Calzada
et al., 2015).
4. Connecting Talent: leveraging the value of local and social entrepreneurship as generator of
employment and business opportunities.
5. Smart Tourism: exploring business intelligence, data analytics and open data platforms, with a special
consideration of the technopolitics of data regarding privacy, data literacy, self-tracking devices and
security.
To assess the impact of touristic activities and how these impacts influence visitor experience and locals’
perception, a systemic approach is used because it provides an understanding on the relationship
between tourism and its social ecosystem in Zumaia, and thus offers tools needed to clarify the complex
realm of the touristic experience.
The methodological procedure is made up of the following components:
Identify and select key variables
Determine causal relationships between key variables
Define success goals
Determine system success indicators
Formulate possible policy actions
Implement policies
Regarding the research design: a survey answered by 100 respondents and a selected group of 50 in-
depth interviews will be carried out to achieve the research objectives. The survey is divided into five
parts by following the 5-System framework (Calzada, 2015). The first part, URBS, will revolve around
sustainable natural environment, urban system and the human geography. The second part, CYBER, will
revolve around physical, digital and social connectivity. The third part, CIVITAS, is related to social-cultural
issues where multiculturalism, talent, entrepreneurship and local communities are directly connected to
the tourism. The forth part, POLIS, will ask respondents about the identity, glocalisation, civic
participation, and territorial regulation. The last part, DEMOS, is focused on striking a balance about the
other previous four systems.
Likewise, non-locals and experts in tourism will be engaged in the entrepreneurial activities of ZumaiaLab.
Among others, locally-based entrepreneurial initiatives or start-ups will be used to discuss the strengths
and threats of tourism complexity and learn from similar experiences to be considered adaptively in
Zumaia. So far, this article has already mentioned some examples: Iceland Academy7
by Inspired Iceland,
The future of dining is here by EatWith8
, Donde empiezan los viajes by minube9
, Travel with entrepreneurs
by REFUGA10
and Carbon Footprint Credit Card by Sustain:Green 11
.
The ZumaiaLab workshop sessions will invite a selected group of participants by being representatives of
the five entities that comprise the Penta-Helix framework:
1. policy-makers and politicians
2. managers
3. academics and technologists
4. citizens (civil society)
7
Iceland Academy by Inspired by Iceland. http://inspired.visiticeland.com/academy
8
The Future of Dinning is Here by EatWith. https://www.eatwith.com
9
Donde empiezan los viajes by minube. http://www.minube.com
10
Travel with entrepreneurs by REFUGA. https://refuga.com
11
Carbon FootPrint Credit Card by Sustain:Green. http://sustaingreen.com
10. 10
5. professionals, social entrepreneurs, and activists
The intervention will select among 34 SMEs, 60 equipment services, 232 shops and professionals, 43
associations, several academics and politicians and visitors. This, allows us to make an ethnographic
observation to describe the relationship between visitors and locals and thus extract some policy
recommendations.
6. PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS: KICKING-OFF
Based on the preliminary informal pre-test carried out and after gathering some insights so far:
1. Different reactions could be expected regarding the strategic effect of tourism on the village.
2. On the positive side-effects, the current situation offers unexplored local business opportunities
to locate Zumaia on the world map: to value geological heritage and to open new scenarios for
innovation in relation smart destination.
3. On the negative side-effects, it was mentioned the lack of foresight to anticipate the increase of
the number of tourists/hikers is already a fact. As such, it could be perceived a sort of mistrust
about the hype of new technologies as tools that could hypothetically bring benefits, contribute
to the protection of the natural environment and landscape, reduce the waste generation and
ultimately cause a remarkable loss of self-identity due to an invasion of visitors.
4. An evidence-based observation suggests that for certain stakeholders, touristic innovation is
subject to and dependent on the rhythm of the public calls.
5. The way in which participation and deliberation in a laboratory process is seen represents highly
positive attitudes, even after years of political and communitarian confrontation.
6. The internal perception on the current touristic model is divided.
7. The opportunity to build a collective intelligence by bridging heterogeneous stakeholders in the
village shows an overall agreement.
The impact on the village represents the first priority for locals. And despite the positive effect on the
economic revenue for the local finances, the environmental concern and the strong seasonality of the
incomers emphasise the requirement for a deliberative touristic governance model, based on forward-
looking strategies reinforced by smart destination policies, ultimately fixed by the taxpayers.
7. FINAL REMARK: BEYOND DATA-ISM
To conclude, this paper has been based on the preliminary intervention that will take place in the specific
location of Zumaia in the Basque Country (Spain). Despite the increasing trend towards a more data-
driven society and policy, this paper, by contrast, has just focused on the contextual particular conditions
and the stakeholder ad-hoc composition of the location. Although the data-rich policies are required in
tourism, this paper advocates that a more experimental, innovative and thus, democratic policy-making
tools and methods should complement the current explosion of dataism (Calzada, 2017). After having
researched internationally other models of touristic policy-making, we could argue that Spain and the
Mediterranean countries particularly, could run the risk to invest in the second bubble after 2008 crisis.
We are referring to the bubble of data without literacy, accountability and public deliberation. Especially
in the tourism, where the so-called sharing economy multinational giants, such as Uber and Airbnb, are
socially gentrifying (and as a consequence, spoiling) internationally well-known touristic hubs by altering
their original and authentic territorial DNA. Hence, place matters, and will do matter more in the future, if
touristic policy just focuses on the aggregation of data, without ‘unplugging’ its ‘smartness’. It is worth to
begin with experimenting which kind of places, tourism wants to build.
11. 11
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