TLE 8 - TECHNICAL DRAFTING (HAZARD AND RISK) MichaellaApale
This document discusses occupational safety and health topics including hazards, risks, and hazard control methods. It defines occupational safety and health as protecting worker safety, health and welfare. It describes the components of an occupational health record. It then defines hazards as things that can cause harm and risks as a measure of possible harmful effects. The document outlines different types of workplace hazards including biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychological hazards. It provides examples of effects for each hazard type. Finally, it discusses methods to control hazards, including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.
Work impacts on health their implications and management techniquesAlexander Decker
This document discusses work impacts on health and their implications. It identifies several occupational health hazards including biological, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and physical hazards. Exposure to these hazards can cause injuries, illnesses, and death for workers. For management, it implies lost work time, medical expenses, potential litigation costs, and financial compensation payments. To address these implications, the document recommends that management implement comprehensive occupational health services programs including hazard identification and evaluation, and control measures like engineering controls, administrative controls, protective equipment, health monitoring and education. The goal is to eliminate or minimize hazards and their negative consequences for both workers and employers.
This lecture begins by defining OHS, its epidemiology, functions, the different sources of occupational hazards-broadly and in details, as well as the principles of OHS management.
Occupational Disease and Preventive MeasureRajan Kawan
This Slide is all about the Occupational Disease, Types of occupational Hazards and its Preventive measures.
Explore the realm of occupational diseases and their prevention strategies in this informative presentation. Delve into the risks that workers face due to their job roles and discover proactive measures that can be implemented to ensure a safer and healthier workplace. Uncover the insights you need to protect employees and enhance workplace well-being.
#OccupationalDisease #WorkplaceHealth #PreventiveMeasures #EmployeeWellbeing #SafetyAtWork
Occupational hazards and risk management in nursing practice outlines various workplace hazards nurses may face and strategies for managing risks. It discusses physical, biological, chemical, organizational, and psychological hazards. It also covers classification of hazards, causes and safety measures, risk management, ergonomics, fire safety, and concludes that adequate safety precautions are needed to prevent injuries and ensure a safe work environment for nurses and patients.
The document discusses occupational health and safety hazards in the workplace. It identifies several types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial, and ergonomic. It provides examples of hazards for each type. The document also discusses steps to manage hazards through identification, assessment, control, evaluation, and review. International and Indian standards for occupational health and safety management systems are outlined as well. Maintaining a safe work environment can increase productivity by reducing costs from injuries and improving employee retention and morale.
Identification of occupational diseases, health risk, hazard and injuries amo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Thermal power plant uses coal as fuel for their working. Coal after burning leaves ash. Disposal of this ash is also one important task. Ash comes in contact with open environment and has adverse effects on health of human being. Due to these various health problems like skin diseases, breathing problem etc. are started in man working under those premises. Some other elements like boiler, turbine, generator, material handling are those elements due to which hazards and accidents take place while operation and maintenance of these. This work focuses on identification of various Occupational diseases and injuries, health risks associated with the man power working in thermal power plant. This data were collected by questionnaires and personnel interview of the workers working in different section of the thermal power plant like boiler section, turbine & generator section, coal & ash handling plant, hydrogen plant etc. Analysis is done in terms of different variables, such as age, skills experience, type of injuries and type of diseases. Results are shown in the form graph and chart. The results indicate a remarkable and visible impact on health of workers during operation and maintenance.
Key Words: Occupational hazards and Diseases, health risk, Injuries, Questionnaires, Personnel interview.
TLE 8 - TECHNICAL DRAFTING (HAZARD AND RISK) MichaellaApale
This document discusses occupational safety and health topics including hazards, risks, and hazard control methods. It defines occupational safety and health as protecting worker safety, health and welfare. It describes the components of an occupational health record. It then defines hazards as things that can cause harm and risks as a measure of possible harmful effects. The document outlines different types of workplace hazards including biological, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychological hazards. It provides examples of effects for each hazard type. Finally, it discusses methods to control hazards, including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.
Work impacts on health their implications and management techniquesAlexander Decker
This document discusses work impacts on health and their implications. It identifies several occupational health hazards including biological, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and physical hazards. Exposure to these hazards can cause injuries, illnesses, and death for workers. For management, it implies lost work time, medical expenses, potential litigation costs, and financial compensation payments. To address these implications, the document recommends that management implement comprehensive occupational health services programs including hazard identification and evaluation, and control measures like engineering controls, administrative controls, protective equipment, health monitoring and education. The goal is to eliminate or minimize hazards and their negative consequences for both workers and employers.
This lecture begins by defining OHS, its epidemiology, functions, the different sources of occupational hazards-broadly and in details, as well as the principles of OHS management.
Occupational Disease and Preventive MeasureRajan Kawan
This Slide is all about the Occupational Disease, Types of occupational Hazards and its Preventive measures.
Explore the realm of occupational diseases and their prevention strategies in this informative presentation. Delve into the risks that workers face due to their job roles and discover proactive measures that can be implemented to ensure a safer and healthier workplace. Uncover the insights you need to protect employees and enhance workplace well-being.
#OccupationalDisease #WorkplaceHealth #PreventiveMeasures #EmployeeWellbeing #SafetyAtWork
Occupational hazards and risk management in nursing practice outlines various workplace hazards nurses may face and strategies for managing risks. It discusses physical, biological, chemical, organizational, and psychological hazards. It also covers classification of hazards, causes and safety measures, risk management, ergonomics, fire safety, and concludes that adequate safety precautions are needed to prevent injuries and ensure a safe work environment for nurses and patients.
The document discusses occupational health and safety hazards in the workplace. It identifies several types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial, and ergonomic. It provides examples of hazards for each type. The document also discusses steps to manage hazards through identification, assessment, control, evaluation, and review. International and Indian standards for occupational health and safety management systems are outlined as well. Maintaining a safe work environment can increase productivity by reducing costs from injuries and improving employee retention and morale.
Identification of occupational diseases, health risk, hazard and injuries amo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Thermal power plant uses coal as fuel for their working. Coal after burning leaves ash. Disposal of this ash is also one important task. Ash comes in contact with open environment and has adverse effects on health of human being. Due to these various health problems like skin diseases, breathing problem etc. are started in man working under those premises. Some other elements like boiler, turbine, generator, material handling are those elements due to which hazards and accidents take place while operation and maintenance of these. This work focuses on identification of various Occupational diseases and injuries, health risks associated with the man power working in thermal power plant. This data were collected by questionnaires and personnel interview of the workers working in different section of the thermal power plant like boiler section, turbine & generator section, coal & ash handling plant, hydrogen plant etc. Analysis is done in terms of different variables, such as age, skills experience, type of injuries and type of diseases. Results are shown in the form graph and chart. The results indicate a remarkable and visible impact on health of workers during operation and maintenance.
Key Words: Occupational hazards and Diseases, health risk, Injuries, Questionnaires, Personnel interview.
Occupational health aims to promote and maintain workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It focuses on preventing health issues caused by working conditions and protecting workers from hazards. Occupational health applies preventative medicine principles in workplaces to prevent disease and maintain workers' health. It addresses physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards that can impact worker health. The goals are fostering safe work environments and protecting others who may be affected.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and occupational hazards. It discusses the historical background of occupational health and defines it. It then covers various occupational hazards including physical hazards like heat, cold, noise, vibration; chemical hazards like dusts and gases; biological hazards; and mechanical hazards. It provides examples of different occupational diseases like silicosis, byssinosis, and asbestosis caused by exposure to dusts and chemicals in the workplace. The document emphasizes the need for preventive measures and control of occupational diseases and hazards.
This document discusses occupational health and occupational diseases. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being through preventing job-related health issues. It describes the aims of occupational health as preventing disease, maintaining health, and providing a safe work environment. It outlines various occupational hazards like physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial factors. It also discusses specific occupational diseases that can result from exposures to dusts, gases, radiation, and other agents. Pneumoconiosis, a lung disease caused by dust exposure, is also explained.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES-HAZARDS ppt.pptMARILYNMAKINANO
The document discusses occupational health and safety procedures, including identifying and evaluating hazards and risks in the workplace. The main objectives of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) are to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses and deaths, effectively implement occupational health and safety programs to promote worker well-being, and establish training centers. Hazards are classified into dormant, armed, and active modes depending on whether the risk is potential or an incident has occurred. Common types of hazards include biological, chemical, mechanical, physical and ergonomic factors.
Occupational Health and Safety Imparts of Metallurgical Plantskhushbakhat nida
The document discusses various occupational health and safety hazards that may be present in metallurgical plants. It identifies several physical hazards including noise, vibration, heat/cold stress, radiation, and slips/trips/falls. It also discusses chemical hazards such as exposure to gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, and chemicals. Specific hazards mentioned include asbestos, insulation wools, and confined spaces. The document provides recommendations for assessing risks from these hazards and implementing control strategies to protect worker health and safety.
This document discusses occupational hazards and their health effects. It begins with defining occupational health and providing historical context. It then covers various physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial hazards workers may face. Specific hazards discussed in detail include silicosis from silica dust, asbestosis from asbestos, anthracosis from coal dust, byssinosis from cotton dust, and lead poisoning. The importance of prevention through controls like substitution, enclosure, and examinations is emphasized. Overall the document aims to make students aware of occupational health risks to help with career choices.
Occupational safety and health involves recognizing workplace hazards to prevent illness and injury. A hazard is any situation that could harm health or safety. To manage risks, employers should identify hazards, assess risks, and make changes to control risks. Common computer technician hazards include physical, mechanical, chemical, and electric shock hazards. Physical hazards are conditions that can cause harm. Mechanical hazards involve machines. Chemical hazards exist as gases, liquids, and dusts that can be inhaled or absorbed. Electric shock hazards occur upon contact with a current source.
Emerging Trends-Occupational Health and Safety in Plantation sectorChandike Ehelamalpe
Emerging trends in occupational safety and health in the plantation sector are outlined. Key hazards include chemical, respiratory, heat stress, and noise exposure. Other trends include an aging workforce, mental health issues, long working hours, and workplace violence. Personal protective equipment and ergonomics are important for protecting workers. International standards like the ILO Convention on Safety and Health in Agriculture provide guidance. Local laws also regulate occupational safety and health in the plantation sector.
This document discusses health and safety in the workplace. It begins with an introduction that explains why workplace health and safety is important, noting that millions die each year from work-related injuries and diseases. It then provides definitions of key terms related to occupational health and safety (OHS), including health, safety, welfare, and hazards. The document outlines the duties of employers, employees, and suppliers regarding OHS. It discusses exposures employees face and causes of workplace accidents. Overall, the document provides an overview of OHS, emphasizing its importance in protecting worker well-being.
home economics HOUSEHOLD SERVICES LESSON 2.pptxMarycrisLopez6
The document defines various occupational health and safety terms and procedures. It discusses hazards in the workplace like biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, and ergonomic hazards. It also covers safety regulations like the Clean Air Act and waste management procedures involving mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Personal protective equipment is discussed as a means to protect workers from various hazards. The document provides an overview of key concepts in occupational health and safety.
This document discusses identifying and evaluating hazards and risks. It defines a hazard as a situation that poses a threat and risk as the probability of exposure to a hazard leading to harm. It identifies five main types of hazards - biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, and ergonomic - and provides examples of each. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is introduced as protective clothing and gear designed to protect the body from workplace hazards. The importance of risk assessment in various settings like workplaces and schools is highlighted to prevent accidents and injuries.
This document discusses occupational health and safety. It begins by defining occupational health and discussing the various hazards workers may face, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Examples of diseases associated with each type of hazard are provided. The document also discusses preventative measures that can be taken to minimize workplace hazards, such as implementing engineering controls, using personal protective equipment, and conducting health monitoring. Overall, the document outlines the important role of occupational health and safety in protecting worker health and the various factors that can impact worker well-being.
presentation on Environmental and occupational healthNighatKanwal
The document discusses environmental and occupational health. It defines environmental health as concerning all natural and built aspects that affect population health. Most environmental health practitioners work to ensure safe water, food, air, and working conditions. Occupational health aims for workers' maximum physical, mental and social well-being. It works to reduce hazards and diseases at work. An occupational health service conducts pre-employment exams, emergency response, workplace monitoring, health education and rehabilitation to protect workers and make the workplace safer.
1. Workers are often exposed to the highest concentrations of hazardous materials through their jobs, putting their health at risk. These hazards can also impact others outside the workplace through contamination.
2. Common workplace injuries include sprains, strains, bruises, cuts, fractures and burns. Highway incidents and falls are leading causes of fatalities. Prevention strategies include job and workplace modifications, improved safety practices, education and training.
3. Occupational illnesses are harder to track than injuries due to long latency periods between exposure and symptoms. Common illnesses include musculoskeletal disorders, skin diseases, noise-induced hearing loss and respiratory disorders from toxic exposures.
Here are the names of the personal protective equipment shown in the pictures:
1. Safety Goggles
2. Face Shield
3. Hard Hat
4. Ear Plugs
5. Respirator
6. Gloves
7. Safety Shoes
8. Coveralls
9. Apron
10. Dust Mask
Health, safety and environmental hazards in Agriculture SectorAnkur Sharma
The document discusses health, safety, and environmental hazards in the agriculture industry. It notes that agriculture employs a large portion of the population but also exposes workers to various risks. It outlines physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and other hazards including those from machinery, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, livestock, pesticides, and poor housing/sanitation. The document emphasizes prevention through elimination, substitution, and engineering controls before use of personal protective equipment. It provides examples of hazard identification techniques like body mapping and discusses issues like manual handling, confined spaces, and ergonomics.
LECTURE FOUR OCCUPATION HEALTH HAZARDS.pptxJoeKabombo
1. The document defines various occupational health hazards including risks, hazards, and defines different occupational classes ranging from professionals to highly hazardous occupations like construction workers.
2. The main occupational health hazards discussed are physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Specific examples and impacts of each type of hazard are provided.
3. Guidelines for evaluating, monitoring, and controlling certain occupational health hazards like chemicals, biological agents, and ergonomic issues are summarized. Reducing exposure and improving workplace controls, procedures, and personal protective equipment are emphasized.
This presentation introduces industrial hygiene, which involves recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards such as exposure to chemicals, noise, heat, and vibration. It was presented by three students and discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including the OSHAct of 1970, common environmental hazards, the OSHA hierarchy of controls, types of exposures and air contaminants, and the importance of protection and hygiene surveys. The benefits of industrial hygiene are highlighted as keeping known hazards under control, establishing standards, preventing accidents, and increasing worker morale and production while decreasing costs.
Occupational health aims to promote and maintain workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It focuses on preventing health issues caused by working conditions and protecting workers from hazards. Occupational health applies preventative medicine principles in workplaces to prevent disease and maintain workers' health. It addresses physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards that can impact worker health. The goals are fostering safe work environments and protecting others who may be affected.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and occupational hazards. It discusses the historical background of occupational health and defines it. It then covers various occupational hazards including physical hazards like heat, cold, noise, vibration; chemical hazards like dusts and gases; biological hazards; and mechanical hazards. It provides examples of different occupational diseases like silicosis, byssinosis, and asbestosis caused by exposure to dusts and chemicals in the workplace. The document emphasizes the need for preventive measures and control of occupational diseases and hazards.
This document discusses occupational health and occupational diseases. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being through preventing job-related health issues. It describes the aims of occupational health as preventing disease, maintaining health, and providing a safe work environment. It outlines various occupational hazards like physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial factors. It also discusses specific occupational diseases that can result from exposures to dusts, gases, radiation, and other agents. Pneumoconiosis, a lung disease caused by dust exposure, is also explained.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES-HAZARDS ppt.pptMARILYNMAKINANO
The document discusses occupational health and safety procedures, including identifying and evaluating hazards and risks in the workplace. The main objectives of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) are to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses and deaths, effectively implement occupational health and safety programs to promote worker well-being, and establish training centers. Hazards are classified into dormant, armed, and active modes depending on whether the risk is potential or an incident has occurred. Common types of hazards include biological, chemical, mechanical, physical and ergonomic factors.
Occupational Health and Safety Imparts of Metallurgical Plantskhushbakhat nida
The document discusses various occupational health and safety hazards that may be present in metallurgical plants. It identifies several physical hazards including noise, vibration, heat/cold stress, radiation, and slips/trips/falls. It also discusses chemical hazards such as exposure to gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, and chemicals. Specific hazards mentioned include asbestos, insulation wools, and confined spaces. The document provides recommendations for assessing risks from these hazards and implementing control strategies to protect worker health and safety.
This document discusses occupational hazards and their health effects. It begins with defining occupational health and providing historical context. It then covers various physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial hazards workers may face. Specific hazards discussed in detail include silicosis from silica dust, asbestosis from asbestos, anthracosis from coal dust, byssinosis from cotton dust, and lead poisoning. The importance of prevention through controls like substitution, enclosure, and examinations is emphasized. Overall the document aims to make students aware of occupational health risks to help with career choices.
Occupational safety and health involves recognizing workplace hazards to prevent illness and injury. A hazard is any situation that could harm health or safety. To manage risks, employers should identify hazards, assess risks, and make changes to control risks. Common computer technician hazards include physical, mechanical, chemical, and electric shock hazards. Physical hazards are conditions that can cause harm. Mechanical hazards involve machines. Chemical hazards exist as gases, liquids, and dusts that can be inhaled or absorbed. Electric shock hazards occur upon contact with a current source.
Emerging Trends-Occupational Health and Safety in Plantation sectorChandike Ehelamalpe
Emerging trends in occupational safety and health in the plantation sector are outlined. Key hazards include chemical, respiratory, heat stress, and noise exposure. Other trends include an aging workforce, mental health issues, long working hours, and workplace violence. Personal protective equipment and ergonomics are important for protecting workers. International standards like the ILO Convention on Safety and Health in Agriculture provide guidance. Local laws also regulate occupational safety and health in the plantation sector.
This document discusses health and safety in the workplace. It begins with an introduction that explains why workplace health and safety is important, noting that millions die each year from work-related injuries and diseases. It then provides definitions of key terms related to occupational health and safety (OHS), including health, safety, welfare, and hazards. The document outlines the duties of employers, employees, and suppliers regarding OHS. It discusses exposures employees face and causes of workplace accidents. Overall, the document provides an overview of OHS, emphasizing its importance in protecting worker well-being.
home economics HOUSEHOLD SERVICES LESSON 2.pptxMarycrisLopez6
The document defines various occupational health and safety terms and procedures. It discusses hazards in the workplace like biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, and ergonomic hazards. It also covers safety regulations like the Clean Air Act and waste management procedures involving mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Personal protective equipment is discussed as a means to protect workers from various hazards. The document provides an overview of key concepts in occupational health and safety.
This document discusses identifying and evaluating hazards and risks. It defines a hazard as a situation that poses a threat and risk as the probability of exposure to a hazard leading to harm. It identifies five main types of hazards - biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, and ergonomic - and provides examples of each. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is introduced as protective clothing and gear designed to protect the body from workplace hazards. The importance of risk assessment in various settings like workplaces and schools is highlighted to prevent accidents and injuries.
This document discusses occupational health and safety. It begins by defining occupational health and discussing the various hazards workers may face, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Examples of diseases associated with each type of hazard are provided. The document also discusses preventative measures that can be taken to minimize workplace hazards, such as implementing engineering controls, using personal protective equipment, and conducting health monitoring. Overall, the document outlines the important role of occupational health and safety in protecting worker health and the various factors that can impact worker well-being.
presentation on Environmental and occupational healthNighatKanwal
The document discusses environmental and occupational health. It defines environmental health as concerning all natural and built aspects that affect population health. Most environmental health practitioners work to ensure safe water, food, air, and working conditions. Occupational health aims for workers' maximum physical, mental and social well-being. It works to reduce hazards and diseases at work. An occupational health service conducts pre-employment exams, emergency response, workplace monitoring, health education and rehabilitation to protect workers and make the workplace safer.
1. Workers are often exposed to the highest concentrations of hazardous materials through their jobs, putting their health at risk. These hazards can also impact others outside the workplace through contamination.
2. Common workplace injuries include sprains, strains, bruises, cuts, fractures and burns. Highway incidents and falls are leading causes of fatalities. Prevention strategies include job and workplace modifications, improved safety practices, education and training.
3. Occupational illnesses are harder to track than injuries due to long latency periods between exposure and symptoms. Common illnesses include musculoskeletal disorders, skin diseases, noise-induced hearing loss and respiratory disorders from toxic exposures.
Here are the names of the personal protective equipment shown in the pictures:
1. Safety Goggles
2. Face Shield
3. Hard Hat
4. Ear Plugs
5. Respirator
6. Gloves
7. Safety Shoes
8. Coveralls
9. Apron
10. Dust Mask
Health, safety and environmental hazards in Agriculture SectorAnkur Sharma
The document discusses health, safety, and environmental hazards in the agriculture industry. It notes that agriculture employs a large portion of the population but also exposes workers to various risks. It outlines physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and other hazards including those from machinery, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, livestock, pesticides, and poor housing/sanitation. The document emphasizes prevention through elimination, substitution, and engineering controls before use of personal protective equipment. It provides examples of hazard identification techniques like body mapping and discusses issues like manual handling, confined spaces, and ergonomics.
LECTURE FOUR OCCUPATION HEALTH HAZARDS.pptxJoeKabombo
1. The document defines various occupational health hazards including risks, hazards, and defines different occupational classes ranging from professionals to highly hazardous occupations like construction workers.
2. The main occupational health hazards discussed are physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Specific examples and impacts of each type of hazard are provided.
3. Guidelines for evaluating, monitoring, and controlling certain occupational health hazards like chemicals, biological agents, and ergonomic issues are summarized. Reducing exposure and improving workplace controls, procedures, and personal protective equipment are emphasized.
This presentation introduces industrial hygiene, which involves recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards such as exposure to chemicals, noise, heat, and vibration. It was presented by three students and discusses the key aspects of industrial hygiene including the OSHAct of 1970, common environmental hazards, the OSHA hierarchy of controls, types of exposures and air contaminants, and the importance of protection and hygiene surveys. The benefits of industrial hygiene are highlighted as keeping known hazards under control, establishing standards, preventing accidents, and increasing worker morale and production while decreasing costs.
Semelhante a 6 Occupational health and safety 2016 PHO II.pdf (20)
4 Blood cology Public Health -rtttttttttttt pdf.pdfErmiyasBeletew
This document summarizes drugs used to treat blood disorders including anemia, thrombosis, and bleeding. It discusses heparin and warfarin as anticoagulants used to treat thrombosis. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are described as treatments for nutritional anemias. Aspirin and clopidogrel are presented as antiplatelet drugs to prevent blood clots. Statins are highlighted as lipid-lowering agents to reduce heart disease risk. Iron supplements specifically address iron deficiency anemia.
This document outlines hemodynamic disorders including edema, hemorrhage, shock, and thromboembolic disease. It discusses the mechanisms and causes of edema including changes in hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure. Hemorrhage is defined as blood extravasation from vessels and can occur externally or internally. Shock is described as impaired tissue perfusion and three major types are covered - hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and distributive shock. Thrombosis and hemostasis are also summarized, with Virchow's triad of endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability presented as factors that predispose to thrombus formation.
Hema Chapter 24_Hemostasisnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn (2).pptErmiyasBeletew
This document provides an overview of hemostasis and disorders of coagulation. It defines hemostasis as the process of maintaining blood in a fluid state within the circulatory system. Hemostasis involves interactions between the vascular system, platelets, blood coagulation factors, and fibrinolysis. It describes the three phases of hemostasis - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary hemostasis involves platelet adhesion, aggregation, and plug formation. Secondary hemostasis is the coagulation cascade resulting in fibrin clot formation. Tertiary hemostasis is fibrinolysis and clot dissolution. Laboratory tests for bleeding disorders and coagulation factors are also outlined.
The document summarizes various antimalarial drugs, classifying them based on their mechanism of action and the stage of the malaria parasite's lifecycle they target. It describes key drugs such as chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, primaquine, tetracyclines including doxycycline, clindamycin, lumefantrine, and artemisinin derivatives. Adverse effects, therapeutic uses, and mechanisms of action are outlined for many of the drugs. The lifecycle of the malaria parasite and stages the different drug classes target such as blood, liver, and sexual forms are also briefly explained.
Major depressive disorder is characterized by one or more depressive episodes without a history of manic episodes. It can take several forms including major depression, dysthymia, and adjustment disorder. The lifetime prevalence of depression is estimated to be 20.4% in women and 9.6% in men. Risk factors include family history, stressful life events, and medical illnesses. Common classes of antidepressants are TCAs, MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, and others. SSRIs are now widely used due to their favorable side effect profile compared to older antidepressants. Special populations like the elderly, children, and pregnant women require careful medication selection and management of depression.
Unit 3.nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnpptxErmiyasBeletew
1) The document discusses the emergence of states and kingdoms in Ethiopia from ancient times through the 13th century. It describes early agricultural communities that formed larger political units like the states of Punt, Da'amat, and the major Aksumite state.
2) The Aksumite state rose to power between 200-100 BC and became a major naval and trading power, exporting goods to places like Egypt, India, and Persia. It declined after the 7th century as environmental issues hurt agriculture and the port of Adulis was destroyed.
3) Subsequent states mentioned include the Zagwe dynasty which ruled from 1150-1270 and built famous rock-hewn churches, as
This document provides an overview of the tissue processing techniques used to prepare tissue samples for microscopic examination. It describes the main steps in tissue processing as fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration/embedding. Dehydration involves removing water from tissues using a series of increasing concentrations of ethanol or other solvents to prevent damage. Clearing replaces the dehydrating fluid with a solvent miscible with both the dehydrating fluid and paraffin wax. The goal is to embed tissues in paraffin wax for microtomy, as it provides sufficient rigidity while being soft enough for thin sectioning without harming tissues or knives. Factors like tissue type, fixation, and desired detail influence processing parameters.
p.pyramid ppt group -klllllllllllllllllll4.pptxErmiyasBeletew
The document discusses population pyramids, which graphically represent the age and sex distribution of a population. It describes the structure of population pyramids, including how they show population size on the x-axis and age groups on the y-axis divided by gender. It also explains how to interpret population pyramids and the different types (stationary, expansive, constrictive). The document then discusses the importance of population pyramids for understanding demographic trends and policymaking. It provides examples of population pyramids in Ethiopia from 1999 and 2024, noting Ethiopia's youthful population and declining fertility rates leading to future aging.
GENERAL ANESTHETICShhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.pptErmiyasBeletew
General anesthesia allows for surgery to be performed while rendering the patient unconscious, amnesic, and unresponsive to pain. It represents a necessity for modern surgical practice. Multiple drugs from different classes are often used together to achieve its effects, including intravenous anesthetics like propofol and thiopental for induction, followed by inhalational agents like sevoflurane or desflurane for maintenance. The discovery of general anesthesia was a major advancement that enabled modern surgery by alleviating the pain and trauma previously associated with surgical procedures. Careful monitoring is required due to the narrow margin between anesthetic and toxic doses of these powerful drugs.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and pumps blood through two circuits. Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation and from the left ventricle to the body via the systemic circulation. The heart's rhythmic beating is controlled by pacemaker cells located in the sinoatrial node which generate electrical impulses that cause cardiac muscle contraction and propagate through specialized conduction pathways to the atrioventricular node and ventricles. Cardiac valves ensure one-way blood flow through the heart.
The document discusses acute kidney injury (AKI), including its definition, classification systems, risk factors, etiologies, pathophysiology, diagnosis and prevention. AKI is defined as a rapid reduction in kidney function over hours to days. It can be caused by prerenal factors like low blood flow, intrinsic renal injury or postrenal obstruction. The RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO systems provide criteria to classify AKI severity. Prevention focuses on adequate intravenous fluid administration and minimizing nephrotoxin exposure in at-risk patients.
The document discusses sand flies and sand fly-borne diseases. It provides background on sand flies, their role in transmitting diseases like leishmaniasis, and their public health importance. It then focuses on sand fly-borne diseases and climate change, the status of these diseases in Ethiopia, and methods for controlling sand fly populations.
Black flies are small biting insects found near water sources that can transmit diseases. This document discusses black flies, the diseases they transmit, their importance to public health, the status of black fly-borne diseases in Ethiopia, and methods for controlling black fly populations. It notes that black flies transmit diseases like river blindness and climate change may impact disease transmission. While Ethiopia has made progress controlling river blindness, challenges remain in some remote areas. Control methods include biological, chemical, physical approaches or integrated pest management.
4 Group 1 correctedhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.pptErmiyasBeletew
Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted to humans through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. This document discusses several vector-borne diseases prevalent in Ethiopia, including malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and rift valley fever. It also outlines methods of transmission, factors influencing transmission like climate change, and general vector control strategies such as eliminating breeding sites and using insecticides. Malaria is one of the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in Ethiopia, with over 2 million reported cases in 2020. Climate change can increase risks of vector-borne diseases by expanding suitable areas for vectors and lengthening transmission seasons.
Ready to Unlock the Power of Blockchain!Toptal Tech
Imagine a world where data flows freely, yet remains secure. A world where trust is built into the fabric of every transaction. This is the promise of blockchain, a revolutionary technology poised to reshape our digital landscape.
Toptal Tech is at the forefront of this innovation, connecting you with the brightest minds in blockchain development. Together, we can unlock the potential of this transformative technology, building a future of transparency, security, and endless possibilities.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
2. At the end of this lesson student will be able to-
➢Definition of terms
➢Elements of safe working environment
➢Occupational health hazards
➢Occupational health hazards prevention and control measure
3. Introduction
Occupational Health/Hygiene is an area of health & safety
management involved in the anticipation, understanding,
evaluation & control of the adverse health effects of workplace
hazards on workers and general environment (Boyd, 2020)
Scope Of Occupational Health isThree-fold
Recognition and anticipation of workers health problems
➢causes may be chemical, physical, biological, psychological,
and ergonomical
Evaluation of the recognized problem
➢encompasses mainly data collection, analysis,
interpretation, and recommendations
Development of Corrective actions
➢to eliminate or limit the problem
4. ☺it requires the knowledge of physics, biology, chemistry,
ergonomics, medicine, engineering, and related sciences
☺it also requires public health management skills for proper
communication and decision making
☺A public health worker has been always on the side of
public health protection
☺A public health worker
He/she is an activist and a professional in the control of
communicable diseases and environmental hazards
4
2023-11-23
6. Workplace and Health
➢Millions of workers die or are injured or fall ill every year as a
result of workplace hazards
➢the economic costs of the failure to ensure occupational health
and safety are so great
➢loss to GNP caused by workplace accidents and work-related ill
health in EU Member States is in the range of 2.6-3.8 per cent
➢Improving occupational health and safety is in the best interests
of all governments, employers and workers
➢more than 250 million work-related accidents every year and
over 160 million workers to fall ill annually
➢than 1.2 million workers die as a result of occupational
accidents and diseases
7. Elements of Occupational Setting
4 basic elements in an occupational setting
these are:-
=> The worker
=> The tool
=> The process
=> The work environment
7
2023-11-23
8. The Worker
Work force has several distinct characteristics:-
1. people who are employed work in the informal sectors
2. high rates of unemployment
3. workers are at greater risk of hazards due to
because of low education and literacy rates
unfamiliarity with work processes and exposures
predisposition not to complain about working conditions
high prevalence of endemic diseases and malnutrition
8
2023-11-23
9. The Tool
tools can range from very primitive tools hammer,
chisel, and needle, to automated equipment
The Process
in the process, materials used can be toxic
process itself can affect the potential harmfulness
E.g., the physical state (solid, liquid/gas) of potentially
harmful substances can determine effects of substances
9
2023-11-23
10. The Work Environment
the sum of external conditions and influences which
prevail at the place of work
industrial worker today is placed in a highly complicated
environment
work environment is getting more complicated as man is
becoming more innovative/inventive
there are 3 types of interaction in a working environment:-
=> Man and Physical, chemical and biological agents
=> Man and machine
=> Man and his psychosocial environment
10
2023-11-23
11. Small-Scale Enterprises and informal sectors where the
Inspection, Education and Evaluation
Tannery
Pottery
Bakery
Weaver
Oil-seed crushers
Blocket, pipe, tile makers
Stone crushers
Brick-makers
Carpentry
Welders
Garage
Glass cutters
Butchers
Charcoal producers
Carpet makers
Dairy farm
Chicken farm
Soap makers
Bee farm (honey)
Animal fattening farm
Mining
Grinding
Boiling
Painting and paint making
Quarrying
Cutting
Burning
Cleaning 11
2023-11-23
12. Classification of occupational health hazards
➢the various hazards arise from the work
➢occupational diseases or adversely affect health
➢may be classified as:-
Physical Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Ergonomic Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards
13. A. Physical Hazards
are hazards that arise at work due to the influence of
various forms of energy
has possible cumulative or immediate effects on the
health of employees
employers and inspectors should be alert to protect the
workers from adverse physical hazards
Physical hazard include:
a. extremes of temperature
b. radiation
c. vibration
d. excessive noise
13
2023-11-23
14. Extremes of Temperature
work environment is either comfortable or extremely cold or
hot and uncomfortable
common physical hazard in most industries is heat
Heat Stress
situation when human body feels thermal discomforts (e.g.,
heat load) in dissipating excess heat and sweating
fluctuation in core temperature about 20c/30c
Sources of heat stress: => Natural Conditions
=> Hot work processes related to furnaces, kilns, boilers and
smelting
14
2023-11-23
18. Vibration
Physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical
energy from oscillating sources
Types => Segmental & Whole body vibration
=> Segmental vibration
Health Effects:
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)
tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers
pain
18
2023-11-23
19. B. Mechanical Hazards
refer to moving machinery that can cause injury or
death
mechanical hazards in industries are contributed from
machinery protruding and moving parts
➢are those that can potentially cause accidents like
Injuries, Falls, cuts, abrasions, etc
➢includes: unshielded machinery, unsafe structures at
the workplace and dangerous unprotected tools
accounts about 10% of accidents in industry
19
2023-11-23
20. Mechanical hazards
workers who use hand tools such as picks, hammers and
shovels
person who habitually kneel at their work may suffer from
"beat" condition of the hand, knee or elbow
20
2023-11-23
21. C. Chemical Hazards
chemical hazards form the most important group
(comprise the largest group by far)
comprise over 12,000 toxic materials
such materials may endanger life, affect health adversely
asbestos, coal dust, multitude of acids and alkalis, gases
such as CO2, SO2, CO, NOx, heavy metals poisoning, (Pb, Hg)
and long list of toxic substances such as pesticides, solvent
and preservatives
chemical substances to cause harm, must first enter the
body
21
2023-11-23
22. Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Contact
22
2023-11-23
23. Classification of Toxic Effects
➢Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact
➢Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact, may
involve many organ systems
➢Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days)
after an exposure
➢Chronic toxicity-represents cumulative damage to specific
organ systems; occurs many months or years to have
recognizable clinical disease
23
2023-11-23
26. Asphyxia-substances which produce lack of oxygen in the blood
and tissue
Pneumoconiosis-accumulation of dust in the lung and the tissue
reaction to its presence
➢pneumoconiosis has different types
Siderosis--iron dust
Byssinosis--cotton dust
Asbestosis--asbestos dust
Anthracosis--coal Dust
Carcinogen =>chemicals that can cause cancer
e.g. Asbestos (lung cancer) and vinyl chloride (liver cancer)
Teratogens => Substances which act on unborn offspring (fetus) to
produce congenital malformation e.g. Thalidomide
26
2023-11-23
27. D. Biological Hazards
➢knowing the biohazards & their classification is very important
➢biological hazards include virus, bacteria, parasites etc.
➢Biological hazards can be transmitted to a person through:
a. Inhalation b. Injection
c. Ingestion d. Contact with the skin
➢employees are subjected to hazards as a result that the work
requires handling and manipulation of biological agents
(surgery, blood and laboratory specimens)
27
2023-11-23
28. Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
Agent / Disease Occupation
Tuberculosis Medical personnel
Anthrax Animal handlers and handlers of
carcasses, skins, hides, or hair of
infected animals, including wool carpet
processors and handlers.
28
2023-11-23
29. E. Ergonomic Hazards
The term is derived from the Greek roots
=> ERGON ==== work and strength
=> NOMOS=====law or rule
Ergonomics is the application of human biological science in
conjunction with the engineering science in order to achieve
optimum mutual adjustment of man and his work
29
2023-11-23
30. Ergonomics/Bioengineering/Functional design is the discipline
examining the capabilities and limitations of people
human characteristics and their connection with
workplace tools, materials, or facilities is compiled
the goal of "ERGONOMICS"
=> making work safe to humans
=> increasing human efficiency and well-being
to ensure a continuous high level performance work
system must be tailored to human capacities and
limitations measured by anthropometry & biomechanics
Improper lifting, repeated motions in an awkward position
can result in accidents
30
2023-11-23
31. Ergonomic Disorders- Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
➢consist of minor physical disabilities. It describes a variety
of conditions that affect the muscles, bones and joints
➢are injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves,
tendons, ligaments, joints or spinal discs
Common Symptoms of MSDs
➢painful joints
➢numbness in hands, forearms, knees & feet
➢stubbing pains and fingers or toes turning white
➢back or neck pain and Stiffness
31
2023-11-23
32. Risk Factor:-
➢ Static posture
➢ Forceful exertion
➢ Repetitive movement
➢ Extreme range of motion
➢ Awkward posture
32
2023-11-23
33. F. Psychosocial Hazards
"stress" means the strain imposed on the worker by
psychosocial influences associated with work design and
urbanization
poor supervisor support or high job demands
within the work environment itself, emotional stress may
arise from a variety of psychosocial factors
=> worker finds unsatisfactory
=> frustrating
=> demoralizing
33
2023-11-23
34. For example:
a peasant who migrates from the rural areas to a city will
face entirely different environment
workers may be working in shifts that will expose them to
unusual hours (upset their family’s life)
workers may be working with a person who is paid more
but who is incapable of working
financial incentives are too low etc.
34
2023-11-23
35. Preventive and protective measures
General considerations
➢accidents and work-related diseases and injuries in most
occupational sectors is still regrettably high
➢occupational accidents and diseases cause great pain, suffering
or death to victims
Occupational accidents and diseases also result in
➢ loss of skilled and unskilled but experienced labour
➢ material loss, i.e. damage to machinery and equipment
➢ high operational costs through medical care, payment of
compensation, repairing damaged equipment
36. Core occupational health and safety principles
➢identified basic principles , including the following:
1. All workers have rights
➢Workers, employers and governments, must ensure that
these rights are protected decent conditions of labour
➢International Labour Conference stated in 1984:-ILO
(a) work should take place in a healthy working environment
(b) work site should be consistent with workers’ well-being
(c) work should offer real possibilities for personal achievement,
self-fulfillment and service to society
37. Core occupational health and safety principles
2. Occupational health and safety policies must be established
➢such policies must be implemented at both the governmental
and enterprise levels
3. There is need for consultation with the social partners (that
is, employers and workers) and other stakeholders
4. Prevention and protection must be the aim of occupational
health and safety programmes and policies
5. Information is vital for the development and implementation
of effective programmes and policies
38. Core occupational health and safety principles
6. Health promotion is a central element of occupational health
practice
7. Compensation, rehabilitation and curative services must be made
available to workers who suffer occupational injuries, accidents and
work-related diseases
8. Education and training are vital components of safe, healthy
working environments
9. Workers, employers and competent authorities have certain
responsibilities, duties and obligations
10. Policies must be enforced
39. Preventive and protective measures
➢eliminating or reducing the sources of potential risks that trigger
hazards can be achieved in a number of ways:
1. engineering control
2. design of safe work systems to minimize risks
3. substituting safer materials for hazardous substances
4. administrative or organizational methods
5. use of personal protective equipment
40. Engineering control and housekeeping
➢engineering control involves controlling the hazard at the
source
➢ensure that exposure to hazardous substances is
prevented/controlled by prescribing engineering controls
➢engineering controls should be built in during the design
phase
➢more expensive to implement than methods which depend on
continual vigilance by the worker
➢is the mechanization process that involves the use of a
machine to do dangerous work
41. Substitution
➢the competent authority should require the replacement
of hazardous substances by substitute materials
➢For example, in the case of asbestos or products
containing asbestos
42. Work practices and organizational methods
➢elimination of risk and total enclosure of machinery are both
impracticable, employers should reduce exposure
➢administrative or organizational measures, so as to
1. reduce the source of the hazard, so that risks are confined to
some areas
2. adopt adequate work practices and working-time
arrangements
3. minimize the magnitude of exposure, the number of workers
exposed and the duration of exposure
e.g. carry out noisy operations at night or weekend
43. Personal protective equipment
➢when none of the above approaches is feasible, or when the
degree of safety achieved is considered inadequate
➢is the final line of defense and should be used only as a last
resort
➢the employer has a duty to ensure its proper use
➢workers have the obligation to make proper use of and take
good care of
44. ➢devices worn by the workers to protect against hazards
in the work place
➢popular with employees b/c it is appears a relatively
cheap solution
=>Eye protector e.g. Eye spectacle , goggle
=>Hearing protector e.g. Ear plugs-fit inside the ear
Ear muffs-fit over and a round the ear
=>Protective clothing
e.g. gown
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
44
2023-11-23
45. 1- Air purifying respirators
➢designed to draw in contaminated air from the work
place and purify it before it is breathed
2- Air supplied devices
➢supply of clean air from outside the working environment
45
RPE (respiratory protective equipment)
2023-11-23
47. “I still need more healthy rest in order to work at my
best.
My health is the main capital I have and I want to
administer it intelligently.”
---Ernest Hemmingway
47
2023-11-23