The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that provide structure and support to the body. Bones are made of collagen, bone mineral, and other proteins. The skeletal system works with muscles to enable movement, with muscles connecting to bones and contracting to cause movement when stimulated. Muscle and bone disorders can develop if there is a lack of important nutrients, an inflammatory response, or a genetic disorder affecting muscle or bone tissue. Treatments aim to address the underlying cause or prevent further deterioration.

2. The skeletal system is your body's central framework. It
consists of and , including
, , and .
- itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an
inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals. Of its
dry mass, approximately 60-70% is bone mineral. ... Most of
the rest is collagen, but bone also contains a small amount
of other substances such as proteins and inorganic salts.
- tissue that is made up of mostly of collagen,
protein, minerals, and vitamins.
- infants have around 300 bones. adults have around
206 bones.
- made up of four main layers.

3. Periosteum – outer layer that
contains nerves and blood vessels
that bring food for the food.
Compact bone or cortical bone –
next layer that is very hard yet
smooth. It provides protection and
strength to bones.
- consists of units called
osteons or haversian systems.
Cancellous bone – looks spongy but
is actually very strong.
Bone marrow – innermost layer
which is responsible for making
new blood cells for the body.

4. serve as the supporting framework of the body.
help to stand and walk steadily. provide
support to the body.
a) Bones protect the important and delicate organs of the body
,
and pelvic bones protects the pelvic area.
b) Since some bones are connected at the joints such as the
shoulders, hands, hips, and knees enables you to bend the
arms, legs, and other parts of the body.
- Bones and muscles work together.
. Muscles
attached the bones responsible for pulling the bones that enable
the body to move.

5. • Touch your face.
What can you feel
underneath our skin?
Do you know what enables
you to move the parts of
your face as you smile or
make a face?

6. - Facial muscles are attached
underneath the skin that enables to
lift an eyebrow, blink the eyelids, or
wrinkle the forehead.

8. Physiologically, muscles are relatively
heterogenous, consisting of two groups of muscle
fibrils.
A myofibril or muscle fibril - is a basic rod-like organelle of a
muscle cell.
Myofibrils are composed of long proteins
including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold
them together. These proteins are organized into thick and thin
filaments called myofilaments, which repeat along the length of
the myofibril in sections called sarcomeres. Muscles
contract by sliding the thick (myosin) and thin (actin)
filaments along each other.

10. 1. Voluntary muscles – move when your brain tells them
to perform such as movements as sitting, jumping,
and standing. these muscles are connected to the
bones by tissue called . muscles connected to
the bones work in pairs, if it contract it becomes
shorter, they pull on the bones, and cause your arms
and legs to move. contraction and relaxation of
muscles help the body to move and perform different
activities.
2. Involuntary muscles – move even without your brain
ordering them to do so. they include those in the
stomach.

11. consist of a single
muscle cell. They
help to control the
physical forces
within the body.
When grouped
together, they can
facilitate organized
movement of your
limbs and tissues.
There are several
types of muscle fiber,
each with different
characteristics.
Cardiac
smooth
skeletal

12. Rickets
• - caused by lack of Vit. D and calcium in
the body.
• Result: gradual softening and weakening of
the bones, bone pain, dental deformities,
impaired growth, and delayed function of
teeth. Also prone to having fractures, or
broken bones.
• Treatment/Avoid: treated by providing
child’s diet with food rich in Vit. D and
calcium, and by regularly exposing the child
to sunlight which is also a source of Vit. D.
exposure for 15 minutes every early in the
morning.

13. • - inflammation of joints. Causes are
unknown, although recognized that
people with arthritis belong to the
families with history and have been
involved in work that is physically
strenuous.
• - Common on adults especially elderly,
there is also arthritis that affect
children and called as juvenile arthritis.
• Result: pain, stiffness, swelling of
affected joints.
• Treatment: prescribed medications to
stop inflammation and to stop worsening
of the disease.

14. > highly contagious disease
of the muscles caused by
virus
> virus transmitted by
direct contact with a
person affected with polio
> characterized by
inflammation of the muscle
fibers affecting primarily
the muscles in the
shoulders, upper limbs,
pelvis, and thighs.
SYMPTOMS: (early stage)
fever, headaches, joint
and limb pains, vomiting,
and stiffness in the neck.
Number of cases include
paralysis and it can be
permanent.
TREATMENT: not yet
discovered, only
immunization of very
young infants (protection
from the viral disease

16. Characterized by the muscles
gradually weakening until they stop
to function correctly.
Caused by the disorder in the body
in which the body does not produce
proteins that are needed to build
healthy muscles.
Person with MD will loss ability to
walk, sit, and move the arms and
leg
The heart’s muscle might be
affected and cannot be able to do
its function, and also with the
lungs.
SYMPTOMS: early stage
doesn’t show any, they just
have overall feeling of
weakness in the muscles. For
worse as they get older they
have to use crutches, walkers,
and wheelchairs
TREATMENT: doctor’s
prescribe medication like
steroids to help the muscle
stronger, and he/she do
special exercise to prevent
the further weakening of the
muscles.