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IP Internetwork
• IP is connectionless.
• IP provides multiple paths from source to
destination.
Major VoIP Protocols
VoIP Protocols and the OSI Model
Bandwidth Implications of Codec
Impact of Voice Samples
Picture
IP address to Phone Number
• VoIP look for IP address
• Translate Phone numbers to IP addresses
• The central call processor is a piece of hardware running a specialized
database/mapping program called a soft switch.
• Soft switches know:
• Where the endpoint is on the network
• What phone number is associated with that endpoint
• The current IP address assigned to that endpoint
• If soft switch does not have the information, the request is handled by another
soft switch.
Protocols
• Used to connect different pieces of hardware.
• H.323
• Most widely used protocol
• provides specifications for real-time, interactive videoconferencing, data
sharing and audio applications (VoIP)
• SIP
• More streamlined protocol
• Developed specifically for VoIP
• Lack of a standard protocol is a problem. Not always compatible.
Advantages
• Cost
• Free VoIP to VoIP
• Low cost VoIP to Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN)
• Less bandwidth requirements
• Low cost / no cost software and hardware
• Mobility
• Any internet connection
• Growing number of wireless broadband locations
VoIP Architectures
• PC to PC
Internet
VoIP Architectures
• Phone to Phone via the Internet
Internet
VoIP Architectures
• Phone to Internet to Gateway to PSTN
Internet
GATEWAY
PSTN
Cisco 7970 IP Phone
IP hard phones
VoIP phone interface
Media gateway
• An active device for interfacing PSTN lines to
VoIP server.
• Available in 8, 16 and 24 port denominations
• Converts analog signals to digital and vice versa
• H.323 protocol used between VoIP server and
media gateway for call handling
Codec
 Acronym for coder-decoder
 Separate codec used for audio and video
 One of the function is to compress the raw audio /
video to save bandwidth
 Efficiency of codec determines the quality of audio
/ video
 Popular audio codecs G711, G722, G723, G726,
G729
 Popular video codecs H261, H263, H264
Schematic of a VoIP setup
Signal flow in VoIP
How a VoIP phone is connected
 Do not need additional data and power point
 Single data point serve both PC & Phone
 POE (Power Over Ethernet) provide power for
VoIP phone
VoIP
POE enabled
Integrated TIFR voice communication system

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1. IP Internetwork.pptx

  • 1. IP Internetwork • IP is connectionless. • IP provides multiple paths from source to destination.
  • 3. VoIP Protocols and the OSI Model
  • 5. Impact of Voice Samples
  • 7. IP address to Phone Number • VoIP look for IP address • Translate Phone numbers to IP addresses • The central call processor is a piece of hardware running a specialized database/mapping program called a soft switch. • Soft switches know: • Where the endpoint is on the network • What phone number is associated with that endpoint • The current IP address assigned to that endpoint • If soft switch does not have the information, the request is handled by another soft switch.
  • 8. Protocols • Used to connect different pieces of hardware. • H.323 • Most widely used protocol • provides specifications for real-time, interactive videoconferencing, data sharing and audio applications (VoIP) • SIP • More streamlined protocol • Developed specifically for VoIP • Lack of a standard protocol is a problem. Not always compatible.
  • 9. Advantages • Cost • Free VoIP to VoIP • Low cost VoIP to Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) • Less bandwidth requirements • Low cost / no cost software and hardware • Mobility • Any internet connection • Growing number of wireless broadband locations
  • 10. VoIP Architectures • PC to PC Internet
  • 11. VoIP Architectures • Phone to Phone via the Internet Internet
  • 12. VoIP Architectures • Phone to Internet to Gateway to PSTN Internet GATEWAY PSTN
  • 13. Cisco 7970 IP Phone
  • 16. Media gateway • An active device for interfacing PSTN lines to VoIP server. • Available in 8, 16 and 24 port denominations • Converts analog signals to digital and vice versa • H.323 protocol used between VoIP server and media gateway for call handling
  • 17. Codec  Acronym for coder-decoder  Separate codec used for audio and video  One of the function is to compress the raw audio / video to save bandwidth  Efficiency of codec determines the quality of audio / video  Popular audio codecs G711, G722, G723, G726, G729  Popular video codecs H261, H263, H264
  • 18. Schematic of a VoIP setup
  • 20. How a VoIP phone is connected  Do not need additional data and power point  Single data point serve both PC & Phone  POE (Power Over Ethernet) provide power for VoIP phone VoIP POE enabled
  • 21. Integrated TIFR voice communication system