Presentación de Sofia Martínez, Profesora del Programa Ejecutivo en Gestión de Proyectos de Energías Renovables http://bit.ly/dozVqK con motivo de la exposición Universial de Shanghai. 28 de julio de 2010

1. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
Beyond Copenhagen: Climate
Change and Renewable Energies in
Asia and Europe
China Europe International Business School
Shanghai, 28th July 2010
TOWARDS A LOW CARBON ECONOMY:
RENEWABLES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SPAIN
Sofía Martínez
Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy, IDAE
(Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade)
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2. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
WHAT IS IDAE? MISSION
The Institute for Diversification Promote energy efficiency and
and Saving of Energy is a public Rational Use of Energy in Spain
business entity, reporting to the
Ministry of Industry, Tourism &
Promote diversification of
Trade through the Secretary of
energy sources and increasing
State for Energy
use of renewable energy
sources (RES)
Foster these activities through
technical consultancy and
implementation of innovative
projects
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3. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SPAIN
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4. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
THE EU CLIMATE AND ENERGY PACKAGE: 20-20-20
• A reduction in EU emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels in 2020.
• 20% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources in 2020.
• A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels in 2020.
• Climate and energy package law since June 09. Four pieces of complementary legislation:
1. Revision of the Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): EU-wide cap from 2013 &
reduction of allowances up1.74% annually up to 21% below 2005 in 2020.
2. Effort Sharing Decision for non-ETS (transport, housing, agriculture, waste).
National targets will cut EU’s emissions from non-ETS by 10% by 2020 (2005 levels).
3. Directive 2009/28/EC on Renewables, binding national targets, 20% EU by 2020
4. Legal framework to develop and safe use of carbon capture & storage.
• The package not address energy efficiency directly: EU’s energy efficiency action plan.
RENEWABLES OBJECTIVES FOR SPAIN CO2 EMISSIONS IN SPAIN
2010: 2020: • 2009 (prov.): + 27.8 % in 1990 (+39.8% in 2008)
12% primary energy 20 % final • Compliance path National Allocation Plan 2008-
consumption consumption 2012: + 37%
Electricity: 29.4% RES in transport: +15% (UE overall Kyoto objective: -8%)
Biofuels in transport: +2% sinks
10% +20% flexible mechanisms (CDM, JI, GIS)
5.75%
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5. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY INTENSITY IN
CONSUMPTION IN 2009 2009
Electric Power Exports Hydro
Natural gas -0.5 % 1.7 %
23.8 %
Nuclear Wind
10.5 % 2.4 %
RENEWABLES
9.3 %
Oil Biomass
48.8 % Coal & waste
8.1 % 3.8 %
• High external energy dependency (80% primary
Other energy)
1.4 %
• Consolidated tendency & decoupling economy-
energy:
RES contribution: 9.3 %
• Energy consumption reduction: - 8,2%
(In 2008: 7.6 %)
•GDP: - 3,6%
• Technological changes
Total Consumption 2009: 130.6 Mtoe (-8.2 %)
(In 2008: 142.2 Mtoe) Energy intensity reduction 2004-2009
(09/08): 4.8 %
Renewables Consumption: 12.2 Mtoe (+12.4 %) 2.6 % annual
(In 2008: 10.9 Mtoe) (14.6 % accumulated)
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6. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
RES CONTRIBUTION TO ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION in 2009
Oil 6.87% Pumping 0.95%
Natural Gas 37.23%
Hydro 8.85%
Wind 12.35%
RENEWABLES PV 2.04%
24.6%
CSP 0.03%
Biomass 1.28%
Nuclear 17.78% Coal 12.61%
RES production: 72.8 TWh
(Total: 296.5 TWh)
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7. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
RENEWABLES PROMOTION IN SPAIN
• Law 82/1980 on energy conservation was the start of developing renewables in Spain.
Comprehensive legislation has achieved a regulatory framework that has promoted
development through stability.
• Electricity Sector Law 54/1997: 12% primary energy using renewables by 2010.
• Spain has become world leader in renewables (production, promotion and industry)
over the last decade, especially since 2005 with the New Renewable Energies Plan
2005- 2010 and an Action Plan to improve energy efficiency.
• Feed-in tariff system has been chosen to support renewable electricity: either a fixed
tariff (which differs from technologies) or a premium paid on top of the market price for
installations that opt to sell their electricity on the market.
Appropriate planning, including infrastructures
Sustainability &
Stability of support systems environmental
targets
Innovative and mature technology & industry
Integration of renewables in the grid: In agreement
with EU
Renewable Energy Control Centre Security of
Competitiveness
policy
supply &
internal market
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8. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
FRAMEWORK: INCENTIVES FOR INVESTMENT
• Not binding: an attractive framework based on stability &
profitability
• Renewable Energy Plan (PER) 2005-2010 (26/08/05)
• Investment (2005-2010): 23.598,64 M €
• Public funds (2005-2010): 8.492,24 M €
Premium paid for electricity: 4.956,21 M €
Tax exemption (Liquid biofuels for transport): 2.855,09 M €
Subsidies (biomass, solar-thermal): 680,94 M €
• Saving & Energy Efficiency Strategy 2004-2012 (28/11/03)
• Action Plan (E4) 2005-2007 (08/07/2005)
• Action Plan (E4+) 2008-2012 (20/07/2007)
• Other public subsidies: Investment aid:
IDAE grants direct aid as outright grants through the Autonomous
Communities for projects promoting EE or RES (REP & E4+)
IDAE direct actions
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9. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
RES ELECTRICITY RES THERMAL
Accumulated Installed annual
power (MW) Power (MW) Accumulated Installed annual
45.000 8.010 power (MWth) power (MWth)
40.000
41.981 MW 7.120
24.000 1.200
REP 23.500 1.050
35.000 6.230 23.420 MW REP
23.000 900
30.000 5.340
22.500 750
25.000 4.450
22.000 600
20.000 3.560
21.500 450
15.000 2.670
21.000 300
10.000 1.780
20.500 150
5.000 890
20.000 0
0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
• Spain in UE (installed capacity)
• In 2009: 2.700 MWe & 400 MWt
• 1st in thermoelectric; 2nd in wind and
• Significant increases: wind, CSP and PV; 3rd in mini-hydro
biofuels • Employment: 109.368
• Constant increase: achieving 2010 • RES grid integration: overcoming planning
targets. hurdles, sharing costs, accessing equipment…
• New REP in 2011 • Renewable Energy Source Control
Centre (CECRE), worldwide pioneering
initiative to monitor and control RES
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10. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
WIND POWER SOLAR PV
Accumulated Annual power Accumulated Annual installed
Power (MW) installed (MW) power (MW) power (MW)
7.000 9.000
8.000
18.000 8.000 6.000
15.000 5.000
3.500 MW 7.000
6.000 6.000
12.000 4.000 5.000
9.000 4.000 3.000 4.000
3.000
6.000 2.000
2.000 2.000
3.000
1.000
1.000
0 0
2002 2004 2006 2008 0 0
1998 1999 2000 20012002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
• Accumulated power: 19.080 MW
Increase (2009/2008): 2.504 MW • World leadership in solar trackers and R&D
Increase 2005-2009: 2.150 MW/year • Demand coverage: 3 %
• Total demand coverage: 15,3% • Challenges: cost reduction, architectural
• Challenges: offshore & repowering integration, distributed generation, quality
MW
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP)
700
632
600 Achieved • 11 operating plants (432 MW), 20 in advance construction
500
REP 500
• 30 national businesses in the sector
Forecast
400 350 340
• Challenges: reduction of technology costs, sustainable
300 trend, operation & integration
200
131
•April 2011: operation of Gemasolar (Sevilla): first worldwide
100
11 10 11
50 61 plant with central tower & molten salt storage (up to 15h).
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 10

11. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
SOLAR THERMAL BIOFUELS
Accumulated
Accumulated
) Annual surface Installed annual
surface (m2) installed (m2) capacity (ktoe)
capacity (ktoe)
2.500.000 1.000.000 4.000 5.000
900.000
1.953.963 m2 3.500 4.375
2.000.000 800.000
3.000 3.750
700.000
2.500 3.125
1.500.000 600.000
2.000 2.500
500.000
1.000.000 400.000 1.500 1.875
300.000 1.000 1.250
500.000 200.000 500 625
100.000
0 0
0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
• In 2009: +350.000 m2 (construction crisis) • Constant increased production (1.875
• To include house refurbishing and new ktoe), 50 production plants
applications (services, industry) • Biofuels consumption: 3,5% of petrol &
• Employment: > 13.000, 35 manufacturers diesel A demand (82% more than in 2008)
• Challenge: Specific support schemes •Challenges: EU Directives,
sustainability/verification, specification/mix
OTHER RENEWABLES
BIOMASS MINI-HYDRO
•“Pellets”: production x 10 in 3 years (600.000t) •150 companies: High national technology
• Growth of ESCOs: domestic installations development
• Gasification and cogeneration • Future interest in energy storage
• Co-firing: Positives prospects. GEOTHERMAL; WAVE POWER
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12. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PLAN 2011-2020
Collaboration Evaluation of potential Draft version of the RENAP 2020
with regional
governments Stakeholders
and
stakeholders
Analysis of the barriers Negotiation / Social agreement
Definition of strategy to NO
overcome barriers
Evaluation of energy objectives Is there an agreement?
YES
Evaluation of socio-economic
impact
Final version of the RENAP 2020
NO YES
Administrations
Approval of the RENAP 2020
Commits with the goals?
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13. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PLAN 2011-2020
• In accordance with European policy (2009/28/CE). RES Objectives for Spain:
• Final Energy Consumption: 22.7% (Target for Spain of 20% in 2020, equivalent to a renewable
energy excess of 2.7 Mtoe).
• Electricity Generation: >40 %
• Key dates:
• December 2009: Member States released their “forecast documents”.
• 30th June 2010: NREAPs submitted to the Commission. 11 Member States so far. (25th
December 2010: completion of implementation of RES Directive).
• 2011: first biannual report of each Member State.
• 2012: first biannual report of the European Commission.
To commit with these ambitious targets
• Continue development of consolidated technologies and reducing existing barriers
• To encourage the development of emerging technologies (geothermal, waves)
• Suitable mechanism and new promotional framework for RE-heat (fiscal measures?,
FIT-H?)
• More efforts in R&D
• Spain is interested in promoting the cooperation mechanisms provided by the EU
Directive (statistical transfers, joint projects with 3rd countries)
• Essential to further develop Spain's electricity interconnections with the European
electricity system (and other Mediterranean countries, MSP)
• Essential to increase the pumping capacity
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14. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
SPANISH LEGISLATION
• Encourage the use of renewables in construction and urban development
• Regulation on Indoor Heating/Air-conditioning Systems (RITE, RD 1027/2007)
• Basic procedure for the energy certification of newly constructed buildings.
RD 47/2007 (energy efficiency label from the most efficient (A) to the least
efficient (G))
• Technical Building Code (CTE, Royal Decree 314/2006) establishes the
requirements that must be fulfilled by buildings in relation with basic
requirements of safety and habitability established in the Law of Buildings.
• Limit energy demand
• Increase efficiency of heating equipment
• Increase efficiency of lighting equipment
• Introduce solar thermal
• Introduce photovoltaic
• Zone 1: H < 3,8
For each climatic zone and annual consumption a • Zone 2: 3,8 ≤H<4,2
contribution or annual minimum solar contribution • Zone 3: 4,2 ≤H< 4,6
• Zone 4: 4,6 ≤H<5,0
is set between 30 % and 70 %.
• Zone 5: H ≥ 5,0
H in kWh/m2
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15. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
SPANISH LEGISLATION: electricity
• Act 40/94 on national electric system first defined “Special Regime”
• Electric Power Act 54/1997. Main target: Liberalization of the electricity market.
Establishes:
• “Special Regime” for electricity from RES (< 50MW)
• Grid access guarantee
• Premium for electricity from RES
• Royal Decree 661/2007. Feed-In Tariff for electricity production from RES. Two
sale options: Regulated tariff or free market sale (plus premium)
• Royal Decree 1578/2008. Redesign of payment for PV electricity production.
Power quotas.
• Two groups: in buildings & in land.
• Pre-assignment of remuneration is established.
• Decreasing tariffs, for new facilities. Increasing quotas, as tariffs decrease.
• 500 MW/year, with increases of 10 %/year (> 4.000 MW accumulated in 2010)
• Royal Decree Act 6/2009. To be awarded with the feed-in tariff it is necessary to be
included in the pre-register (similar to RD 1578/2008 for PV)
• Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law, within the new Sustainable
Economy Law
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16. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
RENEWABLES MADE IN SPAIN
http://www.renovablesmadeinspain.es/
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17. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SPAIN
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18. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGY IN SPAIN 2004-2012
• Action Plan 2005-2007 (E4)
• Action Plan 2008-2012 (E4+): aim of saving 24.776 ktoe in 2012 (13.7%) and of
improving the year-on-year energy intensity by 1.8%
ACTION PLAN 2008-2012: GENERAL OBJECTIVES (approved in Council of Ministers on 20.7.2007)
END-USE ENERGY SAVINGS (period) 59.454 ktoe
(% on end-use energy for the year 2006) (56.2 %)
END-USE ENERGY SAVINGS (2012) 16.883 ktoe (12.4%)
PRIMARY ENERGY SAVINGS (period) 87.933 ktoe
(% on primary energy consumption for the year 2006) (60.7%)
PRIMARY ENERGY SAVINGS (2012)
24.776 ktoe (13.7%)
INVESTMENTS TO PROMOTE 22.185 M€
PUBLIC AIDS
2.367 M€
AVOIDED EMISSIONS (period) 238.1 MtCO2
NUMBER OF MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED 43
LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS TO BE DEVELOPED 16
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19. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
2008-2011 ACTIVATION PLAN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Spain must reduce its GHG emissions in the year 2020 by 10% with respect to the
2005 emissions (non-ETS sectors) Commission Decision 406/2009, April 2009
• The activation plan contains 31 urgent measures to boost saving and energy
efficiency:
• Cutting the country's oil consumption by 10% in 2011 (245 M€)
• Four priority areas: transversal, mobility, buildings, electricity saving
• 17 measures have been completed, 10 have been partially completed or are
under completion (2009). With these 27 measures completed/carried out
savings will be up to 4.632 ktoe (75% of package’s objectives). Some of them:
• Establishing a stable legal and financial framework for ESCOs
• Electric vehicle promotion. Pilot plan for electric cars (MOVELE): 2,000 electric
vehicles & 500 recharging points by 2010
• 10% of energy reduction in Government buildings
• 20% of bio-fuels consumption in Government vehicles
• Free low-consumption bulb to all households in 2009
• Efficient driving promotion
• Efficient public lighting promotion
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20. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
SECTORIAL APPLICATION OF
ORIGIN OF PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC RESOURCES
GAS SECTOR
ENERGY TRANSFORM. STATE BUDGET
12.0%
1.2% COMMUNICATION 10.1%
PUBLIC SERVICES 1.7%
INDUSTRY ERDF NATIONAL
3.8%
AGRICULTURE 15.6% TRANCHE
4.0%
2.7%
HOME & OFF,
AUT. EQUIPMENT
TRANSPORT
22.5% ELECTRICITY
17.3%
SECTOR REG GOV. (OWN RESOURCES
58.3% AND ERDF
REGIONAL TRANCHE)
16.9%
BUILDINGS
34.0%
National Budget = 35.0 M€
TARIFF (electricity) = 275.9 M€
TARIFF (gas) = 57.0 M€
TOTAL ANNUAL BUDGET= 367.9 M€
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21. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
ANNUAL BUDGET (448 M€)
IDAE
368 M€
30 % 70 %
ACTIONS IN CO-
OPERATION WITH REGIONAL
REGIONS BUDGET
258 M€ 80 M€
77 % 23 %
IDAE’S DIRECT AGREEMENTS
ACTIONS IDAE-REGIONS
110 M€ 338 M€
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22. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
2010 PERSPECTIVES IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Improving energy efficiency ≈ 1.5%
• Strategy to promote electric vehicle: 250.000 electric vehicles in 2014.
• Public support: 590 M€
• Development of the Activation plan for energy Saving and efficiency in public
buildings: IDAE has drawn up a standard contract for integrated energy and
maintenance services for publicly owned buildings (ESCOs)
• Promotion of ESCOs in regions and cities
• Continuity of Saving and Energy Efficiency Strategy in Spain and its Action Plans
• Review of the Technical Building Code: boost for building rehabilitation
• New Directive on energy efficiency in buildings
• Sustainable Economy Act:
• Renewable energy law
• Energy efficiency in buildings: housing rehabilitation versus energy rehabilitation
• Sustainable transport
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23. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
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24. I N S T I T U T O P A R A L A D I V E R S I F I C A C I Ó N Y A H O R R O D E L A E N E R G Í A
Thanks for your attention
smartinezm@idae.es
www.idae.es
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