Planning is a core management function and continuous process that involves setting goals and objectives, developing strategies to achieve them, implementing the plan, reviewing outcomes, and providing feedback. The planning process includes collecting internal and external data, conducting a SWOT analysis, establishing goals and objectives aligned with the organization's mission, developing strategies and timelines, documenting the plan, implementing it, and evaluating results through formative and summative methods. Barriers to effective planning include lack of skills, focus on short-term operations over long-term vision, and inadequate support. Key elements of successful planning are involvement of stakeholders, establishing SMART objectives, building in accountability, and ongoing review and revision of the plan.
Reviewing and summarization of university ranking system to.pptx
Planning process nursing
1. 1
Planning Process
Dr. S K Maheshwari
Ph D (INC Consortium), M Sc Nursing (AIIMS, Delhi), M A (Public Adm.)
Associate Professor
University College of Nursing, BFUHS,
Faridkot, Punjab- 151203 (India)
5. Introduction
Planning is necessary in Health care system
because it is in stage of restructuring:
Patient empowerment
Efficient and effective use of sources (MMMTT).
Emphasis on health promotion and prevention.
Establishment of professional training centers.
6. Planning
Deciding in advance (what, who, when,
where and how ) about something is to be
done.
7. Planning
A continuous process,
beginning with the setting of goals and objectives
and then
laying out a plan of action to accomplish them,
put them into play,
review the process and the outcomes,
provide feedback to personnel and
modify as needed.
8. Planning
The process of coping with uncertainty by
formulating courses of action to achieve
specified results.
The determination of what is to be
accomplished. (Bernard and walsh)
10. A Plan
A specific documented
intention consisting of an
objective and an action
statement.
Written document, which
serves as a blue print as
a for the future action.
11. Planning in Nursing Management
A basic function of nursing management.
This plan of action must have unity,
continuity, flexibility and precision”. (Fayol)
12. Purpose for planning in nursing
1. To increase the chance of success
2. Best use of resources- Cost effective
3. To forces analytical thinking and improves
decisions
4. To orients people to action
5. To avoid crisis in nursing management
6. To increases employee involvement and
improves communication
13. Area of Planning in Nursing
Budgets and fund raising
Recruitment, rotation and staffing
Workshop/ conference/CNE organizing planning
Examination
Day to day patient care planning
Community services planning
Curriculum planning, students rotation
Planning for establishment of hospital nursing
services /SON/ CON
14. Planning modes
1. Reactive planning –
• Done in response to crisis, no integration in whole organization.
• Can lead to hasty decisions and mistakes.
1. Inactivism –
• Spend a great energy to prevent change and conformity.
• When changes occur, slowly and incrementally.
1. Preactivism –
• Use technology to accelerate change and future oriented.
• Unsatisfied with past & present, do not value experience
1. Interactive or proactive planning-
• Present, past and future is considered, key element is adaptation,
• minimize risk and uncertainty, encourage the best use of
resources.
• provides the leaders with means of control, dynamic
15. Types of Planning
Strategic planning:
determining how to pursue
long-term goals with available
resources.
Intermediate/functional
planning: determining
subunits’ contribution with
allocated resources.
Operational planning:
determining how to accomplish
specific tasks with available
resources.
17. Strategic planning
“An ongoing, future-oriented, values-based
process that empowers an organization and its
members to identify action strategically necessary
to accomplish its mission in an ever-changing and
diverse environment. (Safrit, 1998)
19. Mission or purpose
It describes the purpose for which that
organization exists
1st
step in strategic planning process
It moves, guides and delivers the organization to
its perceived goal and provide vision
20. Vision
It is an image of the future
the organization seeks to
create
21. Values
These are concepts of perceived worth or
importance
Eg. creativity, honesty, courtesy, caring
These are morale rationale for business/work.
Value statements make employees feel proud and
managers feel committed
Values bond people and set behavioral standards
22. Philosophy
The philosophy flows from the mission statement
and delineates the set of values and beliefs that
guides all actions of the organization
It is the basic foundation that directs all further
planning toward achievement of mission.
Philosophy which cannot be implemented is
useless
23. Philosophy.. example
“We believe that our hospital is dedicated to
excellence in the fields of patient care,
teaching and research and
We are dedicated to providing most effective
and efficient patient care”
24. Goals
Goals setting is the process of developing,
negotiating and formalizing the objectives
that an employee is responsible
accomplishment.
Help nurse administrator to focus attention
on what is relevant and important.
Help to develop strategies and action to
achieve the goals.
25. Objectives
Concrete and specific statements of the
goals that nurse managers seek to
accomplish.
They are action commitments through which
the key elements of the mission will be
achieved and the philosophy sustained.
Objectives are usually "milestones" along
the way when implementing the strategies.
26. Procedures
These are plans that have been reduced to
a sequence of steps of required action
They identify steps needed to implement a
policy
Generally found in manuals at unit level
They establish an acceptable way of
accomplishing a task with rationales for
each activities
27. Tasks
Particularly in small organizations, people
are assigned various tasks required to
implement the plan.
If the scope of the plan is very small, tasks
and activities are often essentially the same.
28. Rules and Regulation
These are plans that define specific action
or non action
They describe situations that allow only one
choice of action
Least flexible, so there should be few rules
in the organization.
30. Stakeholders
A person who is involved in particular
organization/project. Because he has
invested money.
Current users of the organization
Potential users of the organization
People affected by the work of the
organization
31. Resources and Budgets
Resources include the man, materials,
technologies, money, etc., required to
implement the strategies or processes.
The costs of these resources are often
depicted in the form of a budget.
32. Responsibilities for Planning
1. Planning Staff- gather information, coordinate
planning activities, and take a broader view than
individual managers.
2. Planning Task Force- Created when the organization
wants a special circumstance addressed.
3. Board of Directors- Establishes corporate mission
and strategy.
4. President & CEO- Completes and implements
strategy.
5. Executive Committee- Top executives that meet
regularly for input and review.
6. Line Managers- Help to formulate strategy by
providing information. Responsible for executing plans.
33. Barriers to planning in nursing
Lack of knowledge regarding philosophy, goals.
Lack of skill about how to plan
Focus on day to day operations rather than short
term and long term plans
Consistent use of reactive rather than proactive
planning
Lack of understanding about the external
environment’s impact on planning
Inadequate intra organizational support
Inappropriate use of plans
34. Barriers to planning in nursing contd…
No Time
Staff resistance to change.
Board members or stakeholders
Planning is non-productive use of time
Previous bad planning experience
Poor management
Plans used to control rather than inspire or lead.
35. Phases in Planning Process
1. Mission
2. Data collection and analysis
3. Assess strength and
weakness.
4. Goals and objectives
5. Establish Strategies to Reach
Goals
6. Timetable
7. Write and Communicate a
Plan Document
8. Implementation
9. Evaluation
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
36. Phases in Planning Process contd…
1. Mission
During planning, planners have in mind
(consciously or unconsciously) some overall
purpose or result that the plan is to achieve.
For example, during strategic planning, it's
critical to reference the mission, or overall
purpose, of the organization.
37. Phases In Planning contd…
2. Data collection and
analysis
About health care
industry and nursing
An environmental scan
considering various
internal or external
forces that might effect
the organization.
38. Phases In Planning contd…
Assessment of external
environment
Markets
Competition
Health care trends
Economic factors
Technology
Social factors
Educational factors
Assessment of internal
environment
Patient care
Financial resources
Human resources
Information system
Research and
development capabilities
Educational system
39. Phases In Planning contd…
3. Assess strength and weakness. For exa.
During strategic planning, planners often
conduct a "SWOT analysis".
Define the current position and strength of the
unit
41. Phases In Planning contd…
4. Goals and objectives
Based on the analysis and alignment to the overall
mission of the system, planners establish a set of
goals that build on strengths to take advantage of
opportunities, while binding up weaknesses and
warding off threats.
Goals are broken to objectives to be accomplished
in next 1-5 years
42. Phases In Planning contd…
5. Establish strategies to reach goals
The particular strategies (or methods to
reach the goals) chosen depend on matters
of affordability, practicality and efficiency.
43. Phases In Planning contd…
6. Timetable
Attach responsibilities and time lines with
each objective
Responsibilities are assigned for
implementation of the plan, and for
achieving various goals and objectives.
Deadlines are set for meeting each
responsibility.
44. Phases In Planning contd…
7. Write and Communicate a Plan Document
Operational and functional plans
The information is organized and written in a
document which is distributed around the system.
Plan includes detailed action, policies, practices,
communication and feedback, controlling and
evaluation plans, budgets and persons to be held
accountable
45. Operational plan
These are everyday working management plans
developed from both long range objectives and the
strategic planning process and short range or
tactical plans
It is the written blueprint for achieving objectives
It specifies the activities and procedures that will be
used
Sets timetables for achieving objectives
It tells who is responsible for what activity or
procedure
It specifies the records to be kept and policies
needed
47. Functional plan contd…
Functional plan- nursing planning
performed at a service or departmental level
It relates to a specialty service within a
nursing division
48. Phases In Planning contd…
8. Implementation
Put plan to work
9. Evaluation
Formative and summative evaluation
Feedback is provided to modify and update the
plan
49. Guidelines for Successful
Organizational Planning
The movement within organization should
be directed at specified goals and objectives
Plan must be flexible
Involve people that could be affected by the
course of action
Plan should be simple, specific and realistic
Know when to plan and when not to plan
50. Guidelines for Successful Planning
and Implementation
Must be written and communicated widely
Goals and objectives should be SMARTER
Build in accountability (Regularly Review Who's
Doing What and By When?)
Note deviations from the plan and re-plan
accordingly
Evaluate the plan and planning process
51. Summary
Planning is primary and essential element of
management.
Strategic planning sets objectives for 1-10 years.
Intermediate planning is short range planning.
Operational planning is daily, weekly and monthly
planning and provide data for strategic and
tactical planning to keep in motion.
53. References
www.managementhelp.org/plan
www.nursing/adminsitration.com
Marquis and Huston, Leadership roles and management
functions in nursing, Lippincott 2nd
edition, 55-73
Wise Y, Leading and managing in nursing, Mosby, 1st
edition, 66-87
Swansburg and Swansburg, Introductory management and
leadership for nurses, 2nd
edition
Russal Linda, Management and leadership for nurse
administrators,Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1st
editon,
215-247