FOOD , Nutrition, carbohydrates sugar

1. Ch 2 Components of Food
class 6 science
By
Dr Ranjeeta

2. Contact
Ranjeeta@studyiq.com - email id
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3. • Food: edible substances which
- provide energy to the living beings
- repair the old tissues
-build the new tissues.
• Nutrition: The process of
consuming nutrients required for
the growth and development of our
body and to obtain energy.
• Three main nutrients are fats,
proteins and carbohydrates.
In addition, our body requires
water, salts (minerals), vitamins and
fibres.

4. • Various food components are grouped
in three classes:
Energy giving food: Carbohydrates and
fats.
Bodybuilding food: Proteins.
Protective food: Vitamins and
minerals.

5. Carbohydrates
Grains such as rice, wheat, sorghum, peas, beans, sago (sabudana), sugarcane,
sugar beet, many fruits like banana, mango and melons and vegetables are good
sources of carbohydrates.
Cellulose, starch, sucrose, glucose and fructose are the important carbohydrates
found in our food.

6. Carbohydrates Provide energy to our body.
There are two major types of carbohydrates in food: sugar and starch.
Sugars: simple carbohydrate.
Fruits, honey, and table sugar are some sources of sugar.
Starch: complex carbohydrate.
Plants store energy in the form of starch.
Rice, wheat, corn, potato, and bread
plant products digestive system breaks glucose absorbed
into blood energy.

7. Fats
• Groundnut oil, soybean oil and mustard oil -from plants.
• Butter and ghee - from animals.
• Fats act as fuel ,provide more energy than carbohydrates.
• It helps protects body organs from injury and prevents loss
of heat from the body surface.
• Too much fat deposition obesity.

9. Proteins
• animal proteins.
• plant protein

10. Importance
• required for growth and
repairing of our body.
• Help in building new tissues.
• Form tough, fibrous nature of
hair and nails and for the
structure of muscles.
• Part of our blood and help in
proper functioning of our body.
• for building new tissues in
short period, for ex -infancy,
pregnancy or when mother is
nourishing a child.

11. Vitamins:
• Required by our body in very small quantities.
• Help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
• The food items rich in vitamins are called protective food as they protect our body
from diseases and keep us healthy.

12. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K .
stored in the fat tissues of our body and are used only when the body needs them .
Our body prepares vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
Water-soluble vitamins Bl, B2, B3, B6, B12, and folic acid (together known as vitamin
B complex) and vitamin C .Since water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body,
these need to be regularly supplied through food items like citrus fruits, spinach, and
other green leafy vegetables, etc.
Lack of vitamins in the body can cause deficiency diseases

14. Vitamin Functions of Vitamin
Vitamin-A Keeps eyes and skin healthy
Vitamin-B1 Helps the body use energy from the food we eat
Vitamin-C
Help heal wounds, maintains healthy gums and blood vessels, fights
infections
Vitamin-D Keeps teeth and bones healthy
Vitamin E
Maintains healthy skin and hair, slows down aging, a powerful
antioxidant
Vitamin-K An important factor in blood clotting, bone healing and body repair

15. •Minerals
• Minerals are needed by our body in small amounts. Each one is essential for
proper growth of body and to maintain good health.
• Minerals play important role in the body:-

16.  Minerals are important for keeping
bones, muscles, heart, and brain
working properly.
 also important for making enzymes and
hormones.
There are two kinds of minerals: macro
minerals and trace minerals.
 Required in large quantity include
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.
 Required in small quantity include iron,
manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt,
fluoride and selenium.

17. Water
• Our body requires a large
quantity (5-7 litre) of water
daily.
• helps our body to perform
many functions like digestion,
throwing out dissolved waste
as urine and impure blood.
• keeps our body cool through
sweating.
• helps in blood circulation.

18. Roughage
• Roughage or Dietary Fibres:
The portion of the plant food that do not provide any nutrients to our body but
help in maintaining a healthy digestive system is called roughage or dietary fibres
• Whole grains, flour and cereals, potatoes, fresh food, raw and cooked vegetables
provide roughage to our food.
• It helps in proper digestion of food and prevents constipation.
• Roughage are of two types: soluble and insoluble.
• Soluble roughage are soluble in water whereas insoluble roughage are not.
• Apple, strawberry, peach, and rice are examples of food items rich in soluble
roughage that help in blood circulation.
• Whole grain, carrot, cabbage, turnip, and cauliflower are examples of food items
rich in insoluble roughage.
• Lack of insoluble roughage in the diet causes the stool to become hard and
difficult to pass. This condition is called constipation

20. Diet: It is the amount of food eaten by a person at a time.
Balanced Diet :A balanced diet for good health consists of different varieties of food
that offer all the essential carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals that our
body require for healthy functioning
A balanced diet contains foods from the following groups:
fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains, and protein.
5 benefits of balance diet:-
I. Growth and Development
II. Weight Control
III. Supplies Energy
IV. Builds Immunity
V. Improves Mental Well-being

21. A balanced diet must include food items from the following four food groups.
Milk group: includes milk and milk products
Meat group: includes meat (chicken, fish, lamb, etc.) and meat substitutes (beans,
peas, nuts, and seeds)
Fruit and vegetable group: includes fruits and vegetables
Grain group: includes breads and cereals.

22. Deficiency Diseases:
food vs nutrients ---------
Lack of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, or minerals in the diet can cause
diseases. Diseases that are caused due to the lack of nutrients in the diet are
called deficiency diseases.
Deficiency diseases cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

23. Carbohydrates are the main energy sources. Lack of carbohydrates in the diet results in lack of
energy and stamina. A labourer who does hard manual work needs more carbohydrates in his
diet than a person who does his work sitting in his office.
Deficiency of Carbohydrates:

24. • Deficiency of Proteins:
Growing children need more
proteins in their diet. Lack of
proteins in the diet weakens
muscles.
Deficiency of proteins leads to
a disease called kwashiorkor .
• Deficiency of proteins along
with carbohydrate deficiency is
called Protein Energy
Malnutrition (PEM). It leads to
Marasmus. These diseases are
more common in children of
rural areas.

25. • kwashiorkor symptoms:
large pot-like belly, stunted growth,
swelling of face and limbs
(especially the feet), skin diseases,
mental retardation, and diarrhoea. If
the treatment is started in time,
improving protein intake may
correct this disease.
• Marasmus is more common among
infants and children under 5 years of
age. A child very thin, shows slow
body growth, lack of energy, loss of
appetite, weak legs, mental
retardation, poor muscle
development, etc.
• To prevent these diseases, the
Government of India has started
programmes like the Integrated
Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
and the Mid-day Meal scheme in
schools.

26. Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamin and Minerals Deficiency disease Symptoms
Vitamin A Night blindness Poor vision or complete loss of vision in
darkness
Vitamin-B1 Beri- beri Weight loss and weak muscle
Vitamin-C Scurvy Bleeding gums
Vitamin-D Rickets Soft, tender and weak bones
Vitamin E Crohn’s disease Pale skin and Rapid aging
Vitamin-K Haemorrhage Excessive bleeding with delay in clotting
Calcium Osteomalacia and osteoporosis Brittle bones
Phosphorus Bad teeth, and Rickets Twisted limbs, unformed teeth
Iron Anaemia Low red blood cell count
Iodine Goitre Enlarged thyroid gland

28. • Deficiency of Minerals

29. • Deficiency of Water in the Body:
Water is very essential for proper functioning of our body. Excess loss
of water from the body leads to a condition called dehydration.
• Dehydration causes loss of salts and leads to weakness in the body.
Oral Rehydrating Solution (ORS) can be given to the patient to recover
from dehydration. It is available free of cost at primary health
centres. It can also be made at home by mixing 8 teaspoons of sugar
and 1 teaspoon of salt in 1 litre of clean, drinking water.
• Water deficiency may cause:-
• Headaches and light-headedness
• Bad breath and dry mouth
• Constipation and other digestive issue
• Fatigue and lethargy
• Joint and Muscle Pain

31. • Balanced diet: A diet containing all the nutrients and other components in proper
proportions is called a balanced diet.
• Beriberi: It is a disease caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin Br The muscles of
Beriberi victim get weak.
• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the energy giving nutrients. The main
carbohydrates found in our food are in the form of starch and sugar.
• Energy: Energy is the capacity to do work. We need energy for our various activities.
• Fats: Fats act as fuels in our body. They are obtained either from animals or from
plants.
• Minerals: Minerals are needed by our body in small quantities. All of them are
essential for proper growth of the body and to maintain good health.
• Nutrients: The components of food that are necessary for growth and development of
our body are called nutrients.
• Proteins: Proteins are required for growth and repairing of tissues in our body. They
help in building new tissues.
• Roughage: Dietary fibres are called roughage. They are mainly provided by plant
products in our food.
• Scurvy: Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin C. Bleeding gums is its main
symptom.
• Starch: Starch is a kind of carbohydrate.
• Vitamins: Vitamins are also an important nutrient. Deficiency of any vitamin causes
deficiency
Summary

32. Which Of The Following Statement Is/Are Not Correct About Water?
• [A]. To control and regulate the body temperature.
• [B]. To get rid of waste products from the body.
• [C]. To protect our body against diseases
• [D]. To absorb nutrients from the foods

33. • Ans c
Meera Having Difficulty In Seeing Things In Dim Light. The Food
Component Which May Be Lack In His Diet Is
• [A]. Vitamin-A
• [B]. Vitamin-B1
• [C]. Calcium
• [D]. Phosphorus

34. • Ans –a
The Vitamin That Gets Easily Destroyed By Heating During Cooking Is
• [A]. Vitamin-A
• [B]. Vitamin-B
• [C]. Vitamin-C
• [D]. Vitamin -D

35. • Ans c
Minerals Are Needed In Our Body For Building Bones And Teeth.
Therefore, We Should Take
• [A]. Vitamin-C, Vitamin-D
• [B]. Calcium, Phosphorus
• [C]. Iron, Sodium
• [D]. Magnesium, Pottasium

36. • which of the following statement is/are correct?
• 1.Fats provide more energy than carbohydrates
• 2Large amount of fat is needed for building new tissues in short
period.
• 3Vitamins are required by our body in very large quantities.
• 4 glucose, which is the complex form of sugar
• A- 1&3 only
• B- 1 only
• C- all of above
• D-1,2&4

37. Thank you