This document provides an overview of airport terminal design and planning. It discusses key aspects of terminal configuration and design such as passenger flow, facilities, and traditional vs modern design concepts. It also provides case studies summarizing renovations of LaGuardia Airport in New York and the design of Esenboga Airport in Ankara, Turkey. The document concludes with suggestions for further research on airport terminal design.

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Airport Planning
&
Terminal Design
Bilkent University FADA Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design IAED 301 September 2017

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Contents
1. Airports Introduction
2. Airport Terminal Design
3. Retrospective
4. Sample 1: La Guardia Airport Renovation, NY City, US
5. Sample 2: Esenboğa Airport, Ankara TR
6. Suggestions for Further Research
List of References

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1. Airports
Introduction

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2. Airport Terminal Design
Airport Operations & Systems

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Outline
2.1. Introduction to airport terminal design
2.2. Configuration of terminal buildings
2.3. Overall design of passenger terminal
- Passenger building: specific fasilities
- Terminal design principles
2.4. Traditional vs modern design concept

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2.1. Introduction to airport terminal design

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2.2. Terminal Configuration

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Defining the Terminal Complex
The primary users of airport terminals are airlines, air travelers, well-wishers and meeters/
greeters, and a wide range of employees of airport management, government regulatory
authorities, air carriers, concessionaires, and other airport tenants. While terminal facilities
must, first and foremost, provide a good level of service (LOS) to these users, the planning
and design of an overall terminal facility is greatly influenced by the more rigid
requirements needed to accommodate maneuvering aircraft and ground access systems.
The terminal complex consists of the interface between aircraft, travelers, and the various
modes of landside transportation. It is for this reason that this Guidebook has defined the
terminal complex as including three primary components: airside, terminal, and landside.

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Figure 1.1. Terminal Complex

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2.3. Overall Design of Passenger Terminal

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Terminal Building Facilities
The ever-evolving airport and aviation industry requires today’s airport terminal buildings to be planned and
constructed in ways that safeguard flexibility for future modification at the least expense, while also
responding to variations in demand and/or the changing needs of passengers, airlines, and aircraft. To help
achieve these objectives for the airport and its operators, the planning itself needs to be flexible, balanced,
and visionary. Maintaining a broad and balanced view of the planning process is the key to terminal planning
that is functional today and flexible for the future.
The terminal planning process should acknowledge the key functional and operational drivers, including
business considerations that affect the airport and its operators, as well as the local community. These
drivers include the following:
• Concessions planning, which aims to provide interesting and pleasing offerings to passengers, well-wishers,
and meeters/greeters and revenue generation for the airport
• Security planning to respond both to specific threat and vulnerability levels, as well as the routine screening
process of passengers and baggage
• People mover and baggage handling systems
• The wide range of information technology–based systems that underpin overall management and
maintenance of the building, and through which essential information and data is disseminated to passengers
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• The application of sustainability and demand management concepts The primary elements to consider
when dealing with the terminal building components.
 Terminal facility requirements
– Ticketing/check-in
– Passenger screening
– Holdrooms
– Concessions
– Baggage claim
– Circulation
– Airline offices and operations areas
– Baggage handling
– Baggage screening system
– International facilities—Federal Inspection Services
– Support areas
– Special requirements
– Building systems
 Functional relationships
 Flow sequences
– Passengers
– Visitors
– Employees
– Baggage
– Deliveries
– Waste removal

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 Passenger movements
– People mover systems
– Passenger wayfinding and signage
Terminal Building Facilities Inventory
Owned by Airline Companys
- Offices
- Ticketing support
- Operations and support
- Clubs/VIP lounges
- Departure lounges
Public areas
-General circulation
-Ticket lobby circulation
-Secure circulation
-General circulation
-Restrooms
-Public seating
-Domestic meeter/greeter lobby
-Automated people mover/moving walk circulation area

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2.4. Traditional vs New Design Concept

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Sample no.1
La Guardia Airport Renovation
NY 2015

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First opened in 1939 in the northernmost section of East Elmhurst, Queens, LaGuardia is ranked as the
19th busiest airport in the country, per the Federal Aviation Administration.
In 2016, it handled about 29.8 million travelers on more than 369,000 flights. LaGuardia provides nonstop
service to 68 destinations via 11 airlines that use 75 gates spread across four terminals. About 4 million
passengers use the airport to connect to other flights.
More than 7,500 tons of cargo and up to 1,000 tons of mail pass through the airport each year.
Yet the airport has garnered a reputation for being shabby and ill-equipped to handle the number of
passengers that pass through its halls each year.
In June 2016, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo unveiled plans to completely renovate the troubled airport, including
a brand new Central Terminal Building.
The project will link all four terminals through one new facility that will be built 600 feet closer to the
adjacent Grand Central Parkway. Pushing the airport toward the highway will make way for two miles of
aircraft taxiways to improve plane movement, which would then reduce delays, according to the governor.
To support the shift, a new roadway network is being built along with a 3,000-car parking garage, known
as the West Parking Garage.
An AirTrain from the Willets Point 7 train station, as well as ferry service to the Marine Air Terminal, were
proposed to increase mass transit options. While announcing new private investments toward the project
on Aug. 8, 2017, Cuomo emphasized the importance of linking LaGuardia to the subway through an
AirTrain system.

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Figure 4.1. Aerial View. Existing Situation

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Figure 4.2. Aerial View. Concept 1

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Figure 4.3. Perspective View. Concept 1

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Figure 4.4. Concept 1

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Figure 4.5. Passenger Circulation

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Figure 4.10. Perspective View

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Figure 4.12. Perspective View

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Figure 4.13. Departure Level

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Figure 4.14.. Departure Level

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Figure 4.15. Departure Level

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Figure 4.16. Departure Level

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Sample 2:
Esenboğa Airport
Ankara,TR

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Esenboga Airport History
On average 280 aircraft land and take off Ankara Esenboga Airport daily this provides service
to approximately 40 thousand passengers every day. Approximately 20 international airlines
are provided service at the well-equipped Ankara Esenboğa Airport.
As the national and international center of political traffic in Anatolia with a ten thousand year
history, the capital city of Ankara is in the heart of Turkey with its geographical location and
function. Hosting several Western and Eastern civilizations for centuries, today Ankara is an
important city of trade and industry as well as the heart of political affairs.
With its distinctive design and modern architecture, the Domestic and International Terminal
at Esenboga Airport which is the place where first impressions for our country is given to
foreign visitors represent the capital where culture and art integrate with politics and tourism
sector is growing recently. TAV Airports provides service in the capital with its experienced
and cheerful personnel at all areas from car parking to security control and check-in as well
as cafes, duty-free shops and up to boarding point.
Esenboga Airport Domestic and International Terminal constructed under "Build-Operate-
Transfer" model has been completed within a record time; a year earlier than the committed
completion date. Esenboga Airport Domestic and International Terminal, which went into
operation on October 16th 2006 with a capacity of 20 million passengers, are spread over a
182 thousand m2 area.

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Besides being the first airport in Turkey where domestic and international terminals are
designed to be in the same area, Ankara Esenboga Airport has also the precedence of being
the most modern airport in Europe. The facility that enables passengers to access the
terminal building from the car park through a closed bridge helps passenger movement within
the terminal without them being affected from bad weather conditions.
One of the main characteristics of the architectural design is that the terminal is lit by natural day light
throughout the day.
In 2007, environmental friendly “Cogeneration Station” is put into use at Ankara Esenboga Airport. The
terminal generates its own electricity through the cogeneration system which is not a common system
in Turkey compared to Europe, therefore is affected from power cuts at a minimum level and fulfill its
quality service mission.
Cogeneration system allows power generation form natural gas which provides cheaper and safer
electricity. In addition, Wastewater Heat Recycling System within the cogeneration station supports the
terminal’s heating system during winter months while the ABS Chiller System in the Recycling System
supports the cooling of the terminal during summer. Therefore, savings are achieved in natural gas to
be used for heating and in electricity used for cooling. This system also increases the system efficiency
as well as reducing the carbon emission that occurs through heating and cooling.
With recent domestic and international direct flights by airlines companies from Ankara,
Esenboga Airport has now become a gate for Anatolian people to fly to rest of the world.
There has been a 18% increase recorded in passenger traffic by the end of 2016 with
direct flights to 25 international destinations at 14 countries.

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Figure 5.1. Aerial View

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Figure 5.2. Aerial View

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Figure 5.3. Aerial View

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Figure 5.4. Aerial View

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6. Suggestions for Further Research

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List of References
Kleinschmidt, T (2012), Flexible airport terminal design: towards a framework, Proceedings of the IIE Asian Conference
2012, Tang, Loon Ching & Watson, Gregory H. (Eds.), Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, NUS, Singapore,
pp. 348-356.
Pickard, Q (2005) The Architects' Handbook, Airports, Wiley-Blackwell, USA, pp. 3-11.
Shuchi, S (2015), A novel concept for airport terminal design integrating flexibility, PhD thesis, Creative Industries Faculty,
Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4000, Australia.
Shuchi, S & Drogemuller, R (2012), Using process models to support design of airport terminals, Proceedings of ECPPM
2012: eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, Gudnason, Gudni & Scherer, Raimar (Eds.),
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Reykjavik, Iceland, pp. 213-220.
Shuchi, S & Drogemuller, R (2012), Process based synthesis to evaluate design flexibility in airport terminal layout,
Proceedings of ANZAScA Conference, Skates, Henry (Ed.), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, pp. 1-8.
Shuchi, S and Drogemuller, R (2012); Airport information modelling, presentation at the Airports of the Future Grand
Showcase, 30-31 May, Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC), Australia.
Tav Airports, Ankara Esenboga Airport: http://www.esenbogaairport.com/
International Air Transport Association (IATA), Airline and Airport Code Search 2017 :
http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx
Passenger Terminal World Magazine, Vol 2,2017 : http://www.passengerterminaltoday.com/magazine.php
Google Earth: https://www.google.com/intl/sr/earth/