This presentation is for • Introspection by all authorities before criticizing Veterinarians for an increase in AMR & to Doyens of Veterinary Science sitting mum when Vets are criticized! • To realize that DAHD and State Animal/ Livestock Departments are: – Fake data masters! A realization to Doyens of Veterinary Science that they are: – Spineless when their voice is the most needed! – Don’t understand epidemiology to the least and make minimal attempts to improve Epidemiological understanding in veterinarians! – The real negative thinkers! – Suffering from an inferiority complex! – Real killers of the holy cow! – Interested to develop the best vet doctors but creating butchers! – Real anti-nationals! They talk of one health without understanding it! – Much more!!!

1. Animal Disease Control and
Antimicrobial Resistance:
A Veterinary Perspective
A Message to Veterinary Science
Doyens and administrators
Bhoj R Singh
Principal Scientist & Head of Epidemiology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
Email: brs1762@gmail.com
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26970.72643
Also Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371257749_Animal_Disease_C
ontrol_and_Antimicrobial_Resistance_A_Veterinary_Perspective_A_Mes
sage_to_Veterinary_Science_Doyens_and_Administrators
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
1

2. For What we are running NADCP in India?
More than two decades of FMD Control & Outcome
15.6
13.6
14.7
14.3
13.6
16.4
14.7
11.5
13.1
14.4
15.6
10.9
6.7
16.2
8.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
FMD Cases (Log2) in India
Remember that FMD immunity is short lived and IVRI vaccinate its animals
thrice in a year
Data source: https://dahd.nic.in/document/annual_report
Report year
There was hardly any FMD vaccination in 2019 due supply of
substandard vaccines, and in 2020 due to COVID19. Low number
of FMD cases in in the two years (2019-20) indicates that many of
the outbreaks of FMD might be due to vaccine only!!!
Number
cases
expressed
as
Log
2
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
2

3. If there are only a few cases of Brucellosis. Then why
control, not eradication?
0
61
94 88
17
151
206
502
46
79 84
25
1 0
59
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Brucellosis cases in India
In 7 years, India had only 294 cases of animal brucellosis!!!
Data source: https://dahd.nic.in/document/annual_report
Researchers published ~13.5% overall prevalence of animal brucellosis
(doi: 10.1109/BigData.2014.7004420 ), ~1
Report year
This graph
indicates that
DAHD bluff all the
stake holder. But
for what???
Number
cases
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
3

4. Where is the honest analysis? Have ever our Doyens thought
about this graph?
14.2
12.1
13.2 13.3
12.8
12.3
13.0
12.3
12.7
10.3
12.1
0.0
8.6
9.6
10.1
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PPR Cases in India
Remember that PPR immunity is lifelong, PPR Control program is going on for more
than a decade with claims that ~90 goats were vaccinated from 2014 onward. The
NADCP to control PPR was launched in the middle of 2019, & 2010 onward ~ goat
Number
cases
expressed
as
Log
2
Report year
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
4
There was hardly
any vaccination in
2019 due to several
reasons, but no
disease. It indicates
that vaccines have
definite role in PPR
causation!!

5. How to believe and why to believe DAHDF data?
8.2
6.6
8.3 8.6 8.7 8.9
13.0
6.6
6.1
8.3 8.6
0.0
3.8
0.0
2.6
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Rabies cases in India
As per MFAHD reply in parliament rabies deaths in humans were Log2 14.3 (20K) and
97.8% rabies cases are due to rabid dog bites (10K bites per day).
Number
cases
expressed
as
Log
2
Report year
Human rabies deaths 2012-2022 6644
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lansea/article/PII
S2772-3682
Rabies deaths in India per year >18000 https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/rabies#:~:
Dog bites in India daily in 2022 10000 Parliament reply 2023 by Shri Purushottam Rupala
Rabies deaths in 2022 in India 20000 Parliament reply 2023 by Shri Purushottam Rupala
Who (DAHD/Minister/WHO or----------) is telling us lies and why?
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
5
If dogs are not getting rabid in India then from
where dogs are coming to bite Indians, to kill
~20000 Indians every year due to Rabies? Are we
facing Alien dog problem? Or -----------------

6. Some indications from DAHD Annual Reports?
Is DAHD is going to launch a Canine Distemper Control Program?
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
6
Year CD
Outbre
aks
CD
Cases
Deaths
2019 0 0 0
2020 0 0 0
2021 0 0 0
2022 3 2518 69
Is Parvovirus infection in dogs not a problem in India? There is no mention of Canine
Parvovirus disease in any of the DAHD report in the last 20 years???
Canine Parvovirus cases >2000 in Amravati in November December 2021
(https://www.cnbctv18.com/healthcare/explained-parvovirus-that-infected-2000-dogs-in-maharashtras-amravati-11860442.htm)
Veterinarians report rise in parvovirus cases among pet dogs among pet dogs in
Chennai Feb 2021
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/81197299.cms?
Parvovirus hits canine population; dog shelters overwhelmed: March 2023, Jalandhar,
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/parvovirus-hits-canine-population-dog-shelters-overwhelmed-485672
Pet owners in panic, 'canine parvovirus' killed over 250 dogs : Feb 2021 Kolkata
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pet-owners-in-panic-as-canine-parvovirus-enters-bengal-over-250-dogs-dead-1771615-
2021-02-21
9.52
10.34
9.28
7.83
10.56
3.58
0.00 0.00 0.00
11.30
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
CD
cases
expressed
as
Log2
Report year
CD Cases in India

7. Source: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10875.16161
13.4 13.3
28.2
11.5
56.6
46.8
16.2
56.6
41.8
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
E. coli K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa
Animals-Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, 2018
Humans, Gandra et al., 2016
Humans, ICMR 2015
Percent
resistant
Carbapenem resistance (%) in bacteria of human and animal
origin. Who using carbapenems???
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
7

8. Is misuse or overuse of antibiotics by veterinarians causing
the emergence of AMR in India? If so, who is using
antibiotics in wilderness?
46.1**
71.2
19.3
45.3
68.9
19.0
47.3**
71.5
20.2
39.0**
80.7###
32.9###
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
ESBL production MDR Carbapenem resistance
Domestic animals (n=2567)
Pet animals (n=1510)
Wild animals (n=537)
Zoo animals (569)
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
8
%
resistant
isolates

9. 57.4
25.4
38.0
54.4
29.4
62.4
8.7
31.5
39.7
29.7
21.3
33.7
41.4
38.9
21.7
16.4
45.6
18.6
29.6
61.6
41.0
67.4
39.3
43.6
11.7
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0
ESBL positive
Amikacin
Amoxi+clavulanic acid
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin+sulbactam
Ampicillin
Ampicillin+sulbactam
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime+Clavulanic acid
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Cotrimoxazole
Doxicycline
Gentamicin
Imipenem
Kanamycin
Meropenem
Minocycline
Nalidixic acid
Nitrofurantoin
Penicillin
Streptomycin
Tetracycline
Tigecycline
Antimicrobial drug resistance in animals treated at IVRI in last 10 years. Who is
using tigecycline, minocycline, meropenem, imipenem, etc in animals?
% resistant isolates of the 10500 isolates tested
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
9

10. What the preceding slides show?
This presentation is for
• Introspection by all authorities before criticizing Veterinarians for the
increase in AMR & to Doyens of Veterinary Science sitting mum when
Vets are criticized!
• To realize that DAHD and State Animal/ Livestock Departments are:
– Fake data masters!
• A realization to Doyens of Veterinary Science that they are:
– Spineless when their voice is the most needed!
– Don’t understand epidemiology to the least and make minimal
attempts to improve Epidemiological understanding in veterinarians!
– The real negative thinkers!
– Suffering from an inferiority complex!
– Real killers of the holy cow!
– Interested to develop the best vet doctors but creating butchers!
– Real anti-nationals!
• They talk of one health without understanding it!
– Much more!!!
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
10

11. Points to Ponder
• Why only single, that too of one credit, course of Epidemiology, that too
in 3rd year in BVSc & AH?
• Does veterinary education ever aim to teach systemic disease prevention
and disease control, except by telling the use of Quality-Compromised
vaccines?
• Are Veterinarians honest in their profession? If Yes, why have they never
stood to advise Govt. on systematic and Scientific means of Holy cow
protection and development?
• Why have they never stood up for the euthanasia of contagious disease-
spreading cattle and other animals?
• Why have they never shown their spinal strength to stand for each other
and progress in their profession?
• Where our ethics goes when declaring Disease A as Disease B to protect
corrupts?
• Why are we not standing for quality education but rather busy advising
all the time on how to earn money from education?
• Are we loving our Nation or just seeing our personal progress and
position?
• Do you not know that you may reach the highest position but
Remember that when Nations crumble, positions like the Presidents and
Prime ministers become inanimate & you are only minuscule.
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
11

12. Thank you very
much for your
patience for
browsing.
04-06-2023
Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI,
Izatnagar-243 122
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