Effective, effectual, accessible. To my way of thinking these three terms mean the same thing, and in reality were going to be talking about accessibility. However, you should be thinking of accessibility in more general terms; the more general terms of effective or effectual use. This is because the concept of accessibility is much broader than the narrow confines of disability it is often associated with.

1. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
The User Experience
from 30,000ft
#comp33512
Week 04 – Lectures 07/08
Simon Harper
University of Manchester
Semester 2 – 2013/14
last update: February 18, 2014
The User Experience from 30,000ft
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2. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
UX Pop Quiz
1. How would you go about getting the ‘what’ ?
2. Why are Post-its so important?
3. What are the differences between informal and semi-formal
methods?
4. Pick an informal methodology and describe it?
5. What are the two main danger points to remember when
undertaking UXD?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
UX Pop Quiz
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3. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Effective Experience – an Unconventional View!
Effective, adj. and n.
“a. Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual.”
OED – a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De
Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xvii. lxxxiv.
974.
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Effective Experience
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4. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Effective Experience – an Unconventional View!
Effective, adj. and n.
“a. Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual.”
OED – a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De
Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xvii. lxxxiv.
974.
Why Not Just Accessibility?
You could conventionally think of this as accessibility.
Accessibility connotations of disability.
I don’t hold with this – access/accessibility is much broader
than disability.
Effective = ability to produce an effect - regardless of how
that ability does or does not exist.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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5. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Access is for Everyone...
“While pedalling a Boris Bike I start
to shuffle in my pocket. Where is
that damn iPhone. Finally, I find it.
The next challenge is to get it out
my pocket whilst still navigating the
Humvee of the bike world.
Eventually, I give up. I pull over and
get my iPhone out. I look up the
nearest docking station with spaces
and get back on my way.”
Figure: ‘a’
The User Experience from 30,000ft
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6. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
But More Critical for Disabled People...
“For me computer systems are
everything. They’re my hi-fi, my
source of income, my supermarket,
my telephone. They’re my way in.”
Quote taken from an anonymous
blind user.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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7. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Barriers to Effectual Use
Visual: Many Many challenges in providing efficient /
effective use.
Cognitive: Many types / a large spectrum - under researched.
Hearing: First language is Sign.
Physical: Many types - with input solutions. ‘Locked in’ brain interfaces?
Combinatorial: Different but low level impairments experienced in
combination.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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8. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Barriers to Effectual Use
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GPNTctdezg
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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9. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Barriers to Effectual Use
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOfyICoOcNI
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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10. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Barriers to Effectual Use
i18n: Language and understanding.
Literacy: Education and misconception.
Situational: Mobile et al.
Developing Regions: Unconventional use.
Low Income: Device Independence.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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11. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
It’s a Loop
1. Device Independence;
2. Mobile Browsing;
3. Real World Mobility Technology;
4. Mobile to Mobile Cash Transfer;
5. Pringles WiFi; and
6. Mobile Phone Torch.
Figure: ‘a’
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Effective Experience
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Wrapping Up

12. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Technical Accessibility Issues
GUIs become a problem;
Screen Scraping introduced as
a solution - Old Skool; then
Off-Screen Model (OSM)
replaces Screen Scraping richer in meaning.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Technical
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Wrapping Up

13. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Technical Accessibility Issues
GUIs become a problem;
Screen Scraping introduced as
a solution - Old Skool; then
Off-Screen Model (OSM)
replaces Screen Scraping richer in meaning.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Technical
‘What mainstream technology
uses something like OSM?’
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14. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Technical Accessibility Issues
Microsoft Active
Accessibility
(MSAA / UI
Automation); then
IAccessible2.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Technical
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Wrapping Up

15. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Technical Accessibility Issues
Platform Independent
Software; then
Interface Bridges; also
Ajax - Jesse James Garret
(2005) + evangelists at
Netscape in May 2003,
and Greg Aldridge;
ARIA (WAI ARIA) Aaron M Leventhal,
Mozilla (2003-ish).
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Figure: ‘a’
Technical
13 / 24
Wrapping Up

16. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Let’s Have a Break!
Back in 10 Minutes!
Come see me now if you have
Questions Regarding this Lecture!
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Break!
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Wrapping Up

17. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience – POUR
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
But...
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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18. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience – POUR
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
‘Operable’ Can you use it?
But...
...again I don’t hold with these four only.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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19. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience – POUR
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
‘Operable’ Can you use it?
‘Understandable’ Can you understand it? and
But...
...again I don’t hold with these four only.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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20. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience – POUR
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
‘Operable’ Can you use it?
‘Understandable’ Can you understand it? and
‘Robust’ Is it fault tolerant.
But...
...again I don’t hold with these four only.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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21. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience
–Foot Stool
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
‘Operable’ Can you use it?
‘Open’ Is it open to programatic extension?
‘Understandable’ Can you understand it? and
‘Flexible’ Is it flexible?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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Wrapping Up

22. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Potted Principles of Effectual User Experience
– POOUF
‘Perceivable’ Can you ‘see’ it?
‘Operable’ Can you use it?
‘Open’ Is it open to programatic extension?
‘Understandable’ Can you understand it? and
‘Flexible’ Is it flexible?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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Wrapping Up

23. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Perceivability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does your system convey information by colour alone but
without an alternate textual description?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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24. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Perceivability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does your system convey information by colour alone but
without an alternate textual description?
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, etc.?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
17 / 24

25. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Perceivability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does your system convey information by colour alone but
without an alternate textual description?
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, etc.?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
17 / 24

26. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Perceivability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does your system convey information by colour alone but
without an alternate textual description?
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, etc.?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
How easy is it to find and interact interface controls and the
shortcuts too them?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
17 / 24

27. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Perceivability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does your system convey information by colour alone but
without an alternate textual description?
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, etc.?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
How easy is it to find and interact interface controls and the
shortcuts too them?
Have you provided keyboard focus and text cursors, and will
your system restore it’s previous state when regaining focus?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
17 / 24

28. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Openness
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
If you have provided succinct meaningful name and label for
each interface component – including alternatives for icons,
and the like – are these names displayed and available to
third-party technology?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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29. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Openness
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
If you have provided succinct meaningful name and label for
each interface component – including alternatives for icons,
and the like – are these names displayed and available to
third-party technology?
Is you software open such that its information is available to
third part systems including conventional assistive
technologies?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
18 / 24

30. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Openness
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
If you have provided succinct meaningful name and label for
each interface component – including alternatives for icons,
and the like – are these names displayed and available to
third-party technology?
Is you software open such that its information is available to
third part systems including conventional assistive
technologies?
Does your software allow input and manipulation by these
third party systems?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
18 / 24

31. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Openness
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
If you have provided succinct meaningful name and label for
each interface component – including alternatives for icons,
and the like – are these names displayed and available to
third-party technology?
Is you software open such that its information is available to
third part systems including conventional assistive
technologies?
Does your software allow input and manipulation by these
third party systems?
If your systems is closed then does it allow all input and
output to pass through to third-party software?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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32. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

33. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

34. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via the keyboard?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

35. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via the keyboard?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via a mouse like pointer controller?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

36. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via the keyboard?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via a mouse like pointer controller?
Are all multiple chorded key presses available in a sticky-key
sequential form?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

37. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Operability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Can the user control all aspects of an audio - visual
presentation (such as a video)?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via the keyboard?
Are all functions/interface components/interactions able to
be controlled via a mouse like pointer controller?
Are all multiple chorded key presses available in a sticky-key
sequential form?
Have you provided keyboard focus and text cursors, and will
your system restore it’s previous state when regaining focus?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
19 / 24

38. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Understandability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, and
the like?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
20 / 24

39. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Understandability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, and
the like?
Are all interface control and interaction features well
documented?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
20 / 24

40. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Understandability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, and
the like?
Are all interface control and interaction features well
documented?
Do all error or alert messages give consistent information,
appear in a consistent place, and facilitate movement to the
site of those errors?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
20 / 24

41. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Understandability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, and
the like?
Are all interface control and interaction features well
documented?
Do all error or alert messages give consistent information,
appear in a consistent place, and facilitate movement to the
site of those errors?
Do you follow the OS keyboard conventions and best
practice and style guides?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
20 / 24

42. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Understandability
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Is there a succinct meaningful name and label for each
interface component – including alternatives for icons, and
the like?
Are all interface control and interaction features well
documented?
Do all error or alert messages give consistent information,
appear in a consistent place, and facilitate movement to the
site of those errors?
Do you follow the OS keyboard conventions and best
practice and style guides?
Have you tied into the system wide spell checker?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
20 / 24

43. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Flexibility
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does you system allow users to conform the colour encoding
to their preferences?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
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44. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Flexibility
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does you system allow users to conform the colour encoding
to their preferences?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
21 / 24

45. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Flexibility
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does you system allow users to conform the colour encoding
to their preferences?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
21 / 24

46. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Flexibility
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does you system allow users to conform the colour encoding
to their preferences?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
Can the keyboard be remapped?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
21 / 24

47. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Wrapping Up
Facilitate Flexibility
Questions to think about as you design your prototype:
Does you system allow users to conform the colour encoding
to their preferences?
Can the user personalise the interaction settings, and change
the length of any timed events?
Can the user personalise the interface settings, including
different styles and sizes of typography, fore and background
colours, and default interface look and feel?
Can the keyboard be remapped?
Do you allow keyboard shortcuts and accelerator keys to be
personalised to the user preferences?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Potted Principles
21 / 24

48. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Pop Quiz for next week...
1. Give an example of why Accessibility is for everyone.
2. What is your view regarding ‘Combinatorial Impairment’ ?
3. Pick an interface bridge and describe it.
4. What is the relationship between effective and accessible
design?
5. What are the five main principles of effective design?
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Wrapping Up
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Wrapping Up

49. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
To Do for next week...
1. Pop Quiz. Discuss Next Week; and
2. Read your notes up to the end of Efficient Experience.
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Wrapping Up
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Wrapping Up

50. UX Pop Quiz
Effective Experience
Technical
Break!
Potted Principles
Any Questions?
Simon Harper 2.44 Kilburn Building
0161 275 0599 (OR x50599)
simon.harper@manchester.ac.uk
Office Hours: Friday 14:00–18:00
Figure: ‘Bad-Beard!’
The User Experience from 30,000ft
Wrapping Up
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Wrapping Up