2. SPORTS
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SPORTS
TYPES OF SPORTS
Athletic sports Training and couching
Amateur
Professional
Blood Sports Bullfighting
Bull balting
Fox Hunting
Fox Tossing
Wolf hunting
Demostration sports Balloning, fire fighting, kite fllying, Motorsports, basketball,
motorcycling,volleyball
Disabled Sports Deflyimpics
paralimpics
Special Olympics
Extreme games
Extreme sports Boardsports
Motorsports
Watersports
Free fallflying
Female Sports
Individual Sorts Cycling
Golf
Pilates
Judo
Surfing
Tennis
Yoga
Team Sports Basketball
football
soccer
volleyball
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3. SPORTS
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Etymology
"Sport" comes from the Old French desport meaning "leisure", with the oldest definition in English
from around 1300 being "anything humans find amusing or entertaining".
The French word for sport is based on the Persian word bord, meaning "winning" or "win".[citation
needed] The Chinese term for sport, tiyu (体育; 體育) connotes physical training. The modern Greek
term for sport is Αθλητισμός (athlitismos), directly cognate with the English terms "athlete" and
"athleticism".
Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and
games and diversions, including ones that require exercise. Roget's defines the noun sport as an
"activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement" with synonyms including diversion and
recreation
Nomenclature
The singular term 'sport' is used in most English dialects to describe the overall concept (e.g.
"children taking part in sport"), with 'sports' used to describe multiple activities (e.g. "football and
rugby are the most popular sports in England"). American English uses 'sports' for both terms.
Definition
The precise definition of what separates a sport from other leisure activities varies between sources,
with no universally agreed definition. The closest to an international agreement on a definition is
provided by SportAccord, which is the association for all the largest international sports federations
(including association football, american football, cycling, equestrian sports, baseball and more),
and is therefore the de facto representative of international sport.
SportAccord uses the following criteria, determining that a sport should:
• have an element of competition
• be in no way harmful to any living creature
• not rely on equipment provided by a single supplier (excluding proprietary games such as
arena football)
• not rely on any 'luck' element specifically designed in to the sport
They also recognise that sport can be primarily physical (such as rugby or athletics), primarily mind
(such as chess or go), predominantly motorised (such as Formula 1 or powerboating), primarily co-
ordination (such as billiard sports) or primarily animal supported (such as equestrian sport)
There has been an increase in the application of the term 'sport' to a wider set of non-physical
challenges such as electronic sports, especially due to the large scale of participation and organised
competition, but these are not widely recognised by mainstream sports organisations.
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Sport in Ecuador
Football
Main article: Football in Ecuador
Estadio Casa Blanca, the largest stadium in Quito, and home of LDU Quito.
Football is the most popular sport in Ecuador. Its best known professional teams include Barcelona
and Emelec from Guayaquil, LDU Quito, Deportivo Quito, and El Nacional from Quito, Olmedo
from Riobamba, and Deportivo Cuenca from Cuenca.
The matches of the Ecuador national football team are the most watched sporting events in the
country. In June 2007, FIFA adopted a resolution, prohibiting international football games at or
higher than 2,500 m above sea level. Rafael Correa, and his presidential counterparts in Peru,
Bolivia, and Colombia, issued a joint letter of protest against this ruling. Ecuador qualified for the
final rounds of both the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup. Ecuador finished ahead of Poland and
Costa Rica, to come in second to Germany in Group A, in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Futsal, often
referred to as Índor, is particularly popular for mass participation.
Baseball
Baseball is the second most popular sport in Ecuador, and is second only to football. There are
baseball teams from Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca, who compete in the Ecuador Baseball League,
which features 15 teams. The most successful baseball team in Ecuador is Ecuadoriana de Béisbol
de Guayaquil, which has won the Ecuador Cup at a record eleven times. Before the 2008 Summer
Olympics, Ecuador lost in qualifying for Baseball at the Summer Olympics. Tennis
See also: Ecuador Davis Cup team and Ecuador Fed Cup teamTennis
See also: Ecuador Davis Cup team and Ecuador Fed Cup team1
1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport
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5. SPORTS
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The Importance of Sports for Children
Physical fitness
Sports such as football or baseball involve lots of physical activities. Sports and
exercises help in strengthening and toning the muscles and bones in the body. In short,
the importance of sports for kids is that it keeps them in an excellent shape.
Team Spirit
When children or adults plays team sports, be it cricket or hockey, they learn to work in
groups. They learn that if the team wins, they win and if the team loses, they lose. This
way they learn how to work in groups. Thus, the importance of sports for kids is that they
understand what team spirit is and thus, when they grow and actually start working, it
will help them immensely in building relationships with their co-workers, and to work in
harmony with others.
Mental Strength
Sports make people mentally strong. Success and failure are both parts of sports as well as
life. A sportsman knows that there will be times when he will win matches; there will also
be times when he will lose them. A sportsperson knows how to handle defeat and thus, treats
success and failure equally. This is an important life lesson too, which sports can teach a
person. Besides this, another importance of sports for children or for adults is that it
teaches them how to handle competition, and be fearless when facing the adversaries.
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Constructive Use of Time
Children and adolescents ooze with physical energy. When they are involved in sports,
their physical energies are used up in a constructive way. Teenage is such an
impressionable age, if adolescents are given free time they might get involved in wrong
activities or may fall in bad company or may also display anti-social behavior. Thus, the
importance of sports in society is that it keeps adolescents from becoming anti-social
elements, which might otherwise disturb the delicate fabric of society.
Health
Regularly indulging in sports helps in keeping the immune system strong and hence, prevents
any kind of disease from occurring. It also increases the appetite of the person. Thus,
sports promote good health. Read more on healthy diet for athletes.
Confidence
Sports inculcates self confidence in a person. When a child or a person excels in a
particular sports, he becomes very self confident. Sports inculcate discipline, dedication
and responsibility in a person, which he is able to apply in other areas of life as well.
This makes him achieve success in every sphere of life, thus, making him even more
confident.
Decision Making
In sports, a person has to make quick decisions depending upon the situation that he is in.
Thus, a person who is involved in sports is able to make wise and quick decisions in other
areas of life as well.
2
2http://myschool.in.com/student-corner/tech-talk-importance-of-sports-4176.html
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Benefits of exercise
Step right up!It's the miracle cure we've all been waiting for.
It can reduce your risk of major illnesses, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer by up to
50% and lower your risk of early death by up to 30%.
It’s free, easy to take, has an immediate effect and you don’t need a GP to get some. Its name?
Exercise.
Click on the links below to find out if you're doing enough for your age:
• early childhood (under 5 years old)
• young people (5-18 years old)
• adults (19-64 years old)
• older adults (65 and over)
Exercise is the miracle cure we’ve always had, but we’ve neglected to take our recommended dose
for too long. Our health is now suffering as a consequence.
This is no snake oil. Whatever your age, there's strong scientific evidence that being physically
active can help you lead a healthier and even happier life.
People who do regular activity have a lower risk of many chronic diseases, such as heart disease,
type 2 diabetes, stroke and some cancers.
Research shows that physical activity can also boost self-esteem, mood, sleep quality and energy, as
well as reducing your risk of stress, depression, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
“If exercise were a pill, it would be one of the most cost-effective drugs ever invented,” says Dr
Nick Cavill, a health promotion consultant.
Health benefits
Given the overwhelming evidence, it seems obvious that we should all be physically active. It's
essential if you want to live a healthy and fulfilling life into old age.
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"If exercise were a pill, it would be one of the most cost-effective drugs ever invented” Dr
Nick Cavill
It's medically proven that people who do regular physical activity have:
• up to a 35% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke
• up to a 50% lower risk of type 2 diabetes
• up to a 50% lower risk of colon cancer
• up to a 20% lower risk of breast cancer
• a 30% lower risk of early death
• up to an 83% lower risk of osteoarthritis
• up to a 68% lower risk of hip fracture
• a 30% lower risk of falls (among older adults)
• up to a 30% lower risk of depression
• up to a 30% lower risk of dementia
What counts?
Moderate-intensity aerobic activity means you're working hard enough to raise your heart rate and
break a sweat. One way to tell if you're working at a moderate intensity is if you can still talk but
you can't sing the words to a song.
Examples of moderate-intensity aerobic activities are:
• walking fast
• water aerobics
• riding a bike on level ground or with few hills
• playing doubles tennis
• pushing a lawn mower
Daily chores such as shopping, cooking or housework don't count towards your 150 minutes. This is
because the effort needed to do them isn’t hard enough to get your heart rate up.
A modern problem
People are less active nowadays, partly because technology has made our lives easier. We drive cars
or take public transport. Machines wash our clothes. We entertain ourselves in front of a TV or
computer screen. Fewer people are doing manual work, and most of us have jobs that involve little
physical effort. Work, house chores, shopping and other necessary activities are far less demanding
than for previous generations.3
3http://www.realbuzz.com/articles/the-health-and-fitness-benefits-of-sport-gb-en/
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9. SPORTS
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THE OBESITY
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it
may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased
health problems.[1][2] Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and
height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) if their BMI is between 25 and 30 kg/m2, and
obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes,
obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly
caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic
susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications
or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight
due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure
than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be
improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars,
and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or
inhibit fat absorption together with a suitable diet. If diet, exercise and medication are not effective,
a gastric balloon may assist with weight loss, or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach
volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from
food.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and
children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st
century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world),
though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still
is in some parts of the world.
4
4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity
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What is Sport and Development?
‘Sport & Development’ refers to the use of sport as a tool for development and peace.
Actors in sport, academia, private sector, non-profit and non-governmental organisations,
government agencies, UN agencies and international organisations, the media, the general public as
well as young people are increasingly interested in the potential of sport as a tool to reach personal,
community, national and international development objectives. They are also interested in how
sport can be used as a tool for addressing some of the challenges that arise from humanitarian crises
and in conflict and post-conflict settings.
As sport becomes increasingly part of humanitarian and development work, as well as a part of the
corporate social responsibility practices of some private sector actors, interested parties are anxious
to explore the potential, as well as the limitations, of sport in their work.
For these very different actors to understand each other better, it becomes necessary to develop
common definitions and frameworks for action in order to improve practice.5
5http://www.sportanddev.org/en/learnmore/what_is_sport_and_development/
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Table of Contents
SPORTS..................................................................................2
Etymology............................................................................................................................................3
Nomenclature.......................................................................................................................................3
Definition..............................................................................................................................................3
Sport in Ecuador...................................................................................................................................4
Football.................................................................................................................................................4
Baseball................................................................................................................................................4
The Importance of Sports for Children.............................................................................................5
Physical fitness.....................................................................................................................................5
Team Spirit...........................................................................................................................................5
Mental Strength....................................................................................................................................5
Constructive Use of Time.....................................................................................................................6
Decision Making..................................................................................................................................6
Benefits of exercise.................................................................................................7
Health benefits......................................................................................................................................7
What counts?........................................................................................................................................8
A modern problem................................................................................................................................8
THE OBESITY......................................................................................9
What is Sport and Development?...............................................................................................10
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