Social self-organizing maneuver to making a sweet-spot (or equilibrium) among different constraints that fits domestic culture/identity so that it can sustain internal stability and can adapt toward outside environment in order to survive for a long time, whether by means of coercion or consent, or both.

1. September 28, 2020
µετάκυβερνάω | Metagovernance
Kan Yuenyong; DA 8020: Policy Studies and Analysis; GSPA/NIDA

2. Rethinking Governance:
The Centrality of the
State in Modern Society
by Stephen Bell & Andrew Hindmoor (2009)
Chapter 3: Metagovernance and state capacity, pp. 45-70.
“kybernan” means to pilot, steer or direct.

3. Terms
✤ Nation-State
✤ Government
✤ Governance: Global Governance, Good Governance (Bad Governance?),
Public Governance, Corporate Governance, etc.
✤ Metagovernance

4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract
Theory
✤ The Peace of Westphalia after the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) should mark an ending of
Christian religious affair over the state, therefore “Cuius regio, eius religion”, and a modern
secular nation-state model in global realm
✤ Rousseau concludes book one, chapter three with, "Let us then admit that force does not
create right, and that we are obliged to obey only legitimate powers", which is to say, the ability
to coerce is not a legitimate power, and there is no rightful duty to submit to it. A state has no
right to enslave a conquered people.
✤ In this desired social contract, everyone will be free because they all forfeit the same number of
rights and impose the same duties on all. Rousseau argues that it is absurd for a man to
surrender his freedom for slavery; thus, the participants must have a right to choose the laws
under which they live. Although the contract imposes new laws, including those safeguarding
and regulating property, there are restrictions on how that property can be legitimately claimed.

5. China vs USA, how to
measure?
✤ We don’t talk about national-power, but
“governance.”
✤ “Good government in turn relies on an
educated elite of ‘good people’ running the
country. To westerner, Singapore looks
rather like Plato’s Republic, with its case of
wise ’guardians’ presiding over the men of
’silver’ and ’bronze.’ But the more direct
inluce is China’s mandarin tradition, which
selected the brightest people for
government,” (Micklethwait & Wooldidge,
2014, 138)

6. Fukuyama’s governance

8. My adaptation of SEM (Structural Equation
Model) on Fukuyama’s governance

9. My adaptation of SEM (Structural Equation
Model) on Fukuyama’s governance (cont.)
The first scale combination, “state capacity and modernization” will be measured by 1)
future potential disruptive technologies, 2) recent economic efficiency and 3) social
cohesiveness. On future potential disruptive technologies, we will rely on economic cycle
invented by Nikolai Dmitrievich Kondratieff. There are several economic waves such as
Kitchin (2-3 years length) found by Josepsh Kitchin, Juglar (6-10 years length) found by
Simon Kuznets, Kondratieff (45-60 years length) and Trend Séculaire (150-300 years.)
Schumpeter (1983) agrees that economic cycle found by Kondratieff reflects internal
dynamics capacity of capitalism and thus has been driven by technological innovation.
Siriprachai (1991) discusses on debates of these economic cycles in full details. Grinin &
Grinin (2014), based on Kondratieff wave, analyze major developmental stages of the world
productive forces and divide into four periods that are 1) Hunter-Gatherer, 2) Craft-Agarian,
3) Trade-Industrial, and 4) Scientific-Cybernetic. We are now in the fourth phase of
Kondratieff wave, and that this phase has been comprised of six waves sice 1780s. The
recent wave (1980s - 2020s) has been driven by microelectronics and computers, while the
next wave (2020/30s - 2050/60s) will be driven by MBNRIC technologies (medical
technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, robotic technology, information technology and
cognitive technology.) Another approach identified by Gartner, Inc, https://www.gartner.com/
en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-08-20-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-technology-trends-
that-will-blur-the-lines-between-human-and-machine (retreived on July 31, 2020) has also
addressed coming technologies such as within 2-5 years: “Deep neural nets,” “5G;” within
5-10 years: “Augmented Reality,” “Smart Fabrics,” “Mixed Reality,” “Connected Home,”
“Blockchain,” “Silicon Anode Batteries,” “IoT Platform,” etc. But we consider that this
approach is too much technical details for general citizen to understand them. Apart of
MBNRIC technologies, we also rely on “space economy” that can reach to as much as USD
1.1 trillion in 2040 (assessed by Morgan Stanley) or USD 2.7 trillion in the same year
(assessed by Bank of America/Merril Lynch) (OECD, 2019). New Climate Economy (2018)
has also reported that “Low-carbon growth could deliver economic benefits of USD 26
trillion to 2030–and this is a conservative estimate.”

10. Example of SEM

11. Example of SEM (cont.)
https://lavaan.ugent.be/tutorial/sem.html

12. “For this example I select three indicators of industrialization in
1960: gross national product (GNP) per capita (X1), inanimate
energy consumption per capita (X2), and the percentage of the
labor force in industry (X3). For political democracy I have the
same four indicators for 1960 and 1965: expert ratings of the
freedom of the press (Y1 in 1960, Y5 in 1965), the freedom of
political opposition (Y2 and Y6), the fairness of elections (Y3 and
Y7), and the effectiveness of the elected legislature (Y4 and Y5),
Thus each latent variable is measured with several observed
variables.”
Bollen (1989), pp. 17, 36.

13. For original Political Democracy Panel Data,
see Bollen (1980)

14. ✤ Metagovernance or “government of governance,” is an entity that “focuses
explicitly on practices and procedures that secure governmental influence,
command and control within governance regimes,” Mark Whitehead (2003,
8)
✤ Governments and state agencies also play key role in “metagovernance”
✤ “the shift from direct to indirect regulation (over local government in
England) has resulted in the AC (Audit Commission) becoming a vehicle of
metagovernance, acting on the government’s behalf ,” Josie Kelly (2006).

15. Roles of metagovernance
✤ Steering
✤ Effectiveness
✤ Resourcing
✤ Democracy
✤ Accountability
✤ Legitimacy

16. ✤ The first question, ‘who is portrayed as
the meta-governor in the literature?’,
provides insights into the characteristics
of meta-governors. The second question,
‘what is portrayed as the object of meta-
governance?’, aims to show what is
being governed by the meta-governor.
The ‘why’ of meta-governance is
analysed by asking ‘what rationales for
meta- governance are found in the
literature?’ Finally, the fourth question,
‘through what means is meta-
governance enacted?’, provides insight
into the ‘how’ of meta-governance.

17. http://www.cellularautomatagenerator.com/

18. Wolfram-Rule-30

19. ✤ Rule 30 is an elementary cellular automaton introduced by Stephen Wolfram in
1983. Using Wolfram's classification scheme, Rule 30 is a Class III rule,
displaying aperiodic, chaotic behavior.
✤ This rule is of particular interest because it produces complex, seemingly
random patterns from simple, well-defined rules. Because of this, Wolfram
believes that Rule 30, and cellular automata in general, are the key to
understanding how simple rules produce complex structures and behavior in
nature. For instance, a pattern resembling Rule 30 appears on the shell of the
widespread cone snail species Conus textile. Rule 30 has also been used as a
random number generator in Mathematica, and has also been proposed as a
possible stream cipher for use in cryptography.
✤ Rule 30 is so named because 30 is the smallest Wolfram code which describes
its rule set (as described below). The mirror image, complement, and mirror
complement of Rule 30 have Wolfram codes 86, 135, and 149, respectively.

29. What’s metagovernance then?
✤ Definition #1 (category of variety of governances)
✤ “An effective modern government finds the appropriate balance between a strong and
capable state and institutions of law and accountability that restrain the state and force it
to act in the broad interest of citizen”, (Fukuyama, 2014, 506)
✤ Social self-organizing maneuver to making a sweet-spot (or equilibrium) among different
constraints that fits domestic culture/identity so that it can sustain internal stability and
can adapt toward outside environment in order to survive for a long time, whether by
means of coercion or consent, or both. (My own definition)
✤ Definition #2 (indirect or instrument to regulate governments or governances)
✤ Government of government (or governance of governance,) i.e. “global governance”.

30. END
Q/A?