Recomendados
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Destaque
Destaque (16)
Semelhante a Lrp ppt to video test
Semelhante a Lrp ppt to video test (14)
Último
Último (20)
Lrp ppt to video test
- 2. Cain said to his brother Abel, ―Let us go out to the field.‖ And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and killed him. Genesis 4:8
- 3. You shall annihilate them—the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites and the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites—just as the Lord your God has commanded. Deuteronomy 20:17 Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, for by all these practices the nations I am casting out before you have defiled… otherwise the land will vomit you out for defiling it, as it vomited out the nation that was before you. Leviticus 18:24, 28
- 4. The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, because he had defiled their sister Dinah… On the third day… two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah‘s brothers, took their swords and came against the city unawares, and killed all the males… And the other sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled… All their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses, they captured and made their prey. Genesis 34:25-29
- 5. …… Honor your father and your mother… You shall not murder. Neither shall you commit adultery. Neither shall you steal. Neither shall you bear false witness against your neighbor. …… Deuteronomy 5:16-20
- 6. Suddenly, one of those with Jesus put his hand on his sword, drew it, and struck the slave of the high priest, cutting off his ear. Then Jesus said to him, ―Put your sword back into its place; for all who take the sword will perish by the sword. Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels? Matthew 26:51-53
- 7. He shall judge between the nations, and shall arbitrate for many peoples; they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more, but they shall all sit under their own vines and under their own fig trees, and no one shall make them afraid; for the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken. Micah 4:34
- 8. ―[Others will sculpt bronze better. Others will carve marble better. Others will be better lawyers. Others will be better astronomers] But you, Roman, remember, rule with all your power the peoples of the earth—these will be your arts: to put your stamp on the works and ways of peace, to spare the defeated, break the proud in war.‖ Vergil, Aeneid VI.847-853
- 9. Marcus Tullius Cicero: 106-43 B.C. To defend oneself in order to secure peace is ―the only righteous grounds for going to war‖ Peace must be based on justice ◦ Justice: Do no harm ◦ Justice: Do kindness and generosity Rome was waging war to establish supremacy and to gain glory, without first exhausting discussion as a means for peace.
- 10. Admired Cicero as a ―righteous pagan‖ Priority of justice and the pursuit of peace. ◦ ―Courage reflects justice when it protects one‘s country in time of war or defends the weak and the oppressed‖ ◦ ―Whoever does not ward off a blow to a fellow man, when he can, is as much at fault as the striker.‖ Introduced the God question into Just War
- 11. Learned the basic insights of just war reasoning and the relevant God questions from Ambrose. The end of peace Just cause No wars to forge a Kingdom of God on earth Self defense as private citizens VS Self defense as public officials defending others or the nations Love is the basis for all morality The state may enforce religious rules
- 12. ―Is it always sinful to wage war?‖ In order for war to be just, three criteria ◦ The legitimate authority of the sovereign by whose command war is waged ◦ A just cause is required, namely that those who are attacked should be attacked because they deserve it on account of some fault ◦ It is necessary that the belligerents should have a rightful intention, so that they intend the advancement of good or the avoidance of evil It is permissible for the Church to bear the sword through the soldiering of religious orders.
- 13. War is only just in lawful self defense The Two Kingdoms: Law and Gospel ◦ Critiquing Christian Pacifism ◦ ―What men write about war, saying that it is a great plague, is all true. But they should also consider how great the plague is that [just] war prevents‖ Criticized Augustine‘s endorsement of theocratic and holy war Selective Conscientious Objection Social Justice Public Accountability
- 14. ―War is always judged twice.‖ Michael Walzer 1. Judging the justice of going TO war. 2. Judging the justice of actions IN war. Just War is a tradition of the moral criteria for judging war
- 15. Just Cause: ◦ In response to a real and verifiable injury of significance by some other nation or entity Legitimate Authority: ◦ Only legitimate public authorities can declare war Right Intention ◦ We examine the responder‘s intentions The End of Peace ◦ This is the overarching moral obligation when waging war on the basis of the first criteria. ◦ This is the basis for the next four criteria
- 16. Last Resort ◦ All other reasonable means of peaceful settlements have been exhausted Proportionality of Ends ◦ The overall damage caused by war will not exceed the original injury suffered Probability of Success ◦ There is a reasonable hope that the purpose for going to war can be accomplished Public Declaration There is a public declaration of the reasons for waging war
- 17. [Delete 'watch?' from code] [Replace '=' with '/']
- 18. Noncombatant Discrimination ◦ Noncombatants are spared violence Proportionality of Means ◦ War only uses means proportionate to the value of the target
- 19. MLKJr Gahndi The norm for Christian Action ◦ This is where we want to live. Dietrich Bonhoeffer – morally driven to join an assasination plot.
- 20. The Syrian army besieged the northern cities of Jisr ash-Shugur and Maarat al-Numaan near the Turkish border. The Syrian Army claimed the towns were the site of mass graves of Syrian security personnel killed during the uprising and justified the attacks as operations to rid the region of "armed gangs", though local residents claimed the dead Syrian troops and officers were executed for refusing to fire on protesters.
- 21. Our cause is just, the security of the nations we serve and the peace of the world. And our mission is clear, to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein‘s support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqui people. George W. Bush, March 22, 2003, at the start of ―Operation Iraqi Freedom‖
- 22. Our cause is just, the security of the nations we serve and the peace of the world. And our mission is clear, to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein‘s support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people. George W. Bush, March 22, 2003, at the start of ―Operation Iraqi Freedom‖
- 23. Just three days removed from these events, Americans do not yet have the distance of history, but our responsibility to history is already clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. War has been waged against us by stealth and deceit and murder. This nation is peaceful, but fierce when stirred to anger. This conflict was begun on the timing and terms of others; it will end in a way and at an hour of our choosing. George W. Bush at a prayer service in the National Cathedral
- 24. Just three days removed from these events, Americans do not yet have the distance of history, but our responsibility to history is already clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. War has been waged against us by stealth and deceit and murder. This nation is peaceful, but fierce when stirred to anger. This conflict was begun on the timing and terms of others; it will end in a way and at an hour of our choosing. George W. Bush at a prayer service in the National Cathedral
- 25. RickWarren: Does evil exist? And if it does ◦do we ignore it, ◦do we negotiate with it, ◦do we contain it ◦or do we defeat it?
- 26. Should we ignore it, negotiate with it, contain it or defeat it? ……… Evil does exist… We see ……………. Defeat it. evil in Darfur. We see evil, sadly, on …………………………the the streets of our cities. We see evil transcendent challenge of the 21- in parents who viciously abuse their century: radical Islamic children. And I think it has to be extremism… and we’re going to confronted. It has to be confronted defeat this evil. squarely… …………… we must face this challenge. We can face this … [erasing evil from the world] is challenge and we must totally defeat God’s task… [It] is very important it. And we’re in a long struggle, but is for us to have some humility… when I’m around the young men because… a lot of evil has been and women who are serving this perpetrated based on the claim that nation in uniform, I have no doubts. we were trying to confront evil… None.
- 27. Should we ignore it, negotiate with it, contain it or defeat it? Obama: Evil does exist… We see McCain: Defeat it. evil in Darfur. We see evil, sadly, on My friends, we are facing the the streets of our cities. We see evil transcendent challenge of the 21- in parents who viciously abuse their century: radical Islamic children. And I think it has to be extremism… and we’re going to confronted. It has to be confronted defeat this evil. squarely… My friends, we must face this challenge. We can face this … [erasing evil from the world] is challenge and we must totally defeat God’s task… [It] is very important it. And we’re in a long struggle, but is for us to have some humility… when I’m around the young men because… a lot of evil has been and women who are serving this perpetrated based on the claim that nation in uniform, I have no doubts. we were trying to confront evil… None.
- 28. So I find it to be a law that when I want to do what is good, evil lies close at hand. For I delight in the law of God in my inmost self, but I see in my members another law at war with the law of my mind, making me captive to the law of sin that dwells in my members. Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord!
- 29. First, the evil within us. Do we… Ignore it? Contain it? Negotiate Defeat it? with it? Other? Informed by this, we move on to tackle the evil outside of us.
- 30. ―The whole human race faces a moment of supreme crisis in its advance toward maturity… Since the council, the dynamic of the nuclear arms rais has intensified. Apprehension about nuclear war is almost tanglible and visble today‖ ―Catholic Teaching beings in every case with a presumption against war and for the peaceful settlement of disputes‖ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops The Challenge of Peace, 1983
- 31. ―The arms race is one of the greatest curses on the human race and the harm it inflicts upon the poor is more than can be endured‖ The Second Vatican Council
- 32. Thus, in this age which boasts of its atomic power, it no longer makes sense to maintain that war is a fit instrument with which to repair the violation of justice.‖ Pope John XXIII All these factors force us to undertake a completely fresh reappraisal of war.‖ The Second Vatican Council
- 33. The wolf shall live with the lamb, the leopard shall lie down with the kid, the calf and the lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them. The cow and the bear shall graze, their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. The nursing child shall play over the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put its hand on the adder‘s den. They will not hurt or destroy on all my holy mountain; for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. Isaiah 11:6-9
- 34. For a child has been born for us, a son given to us; authority rests upon his shoulders; and he is named Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
- 35. Jesus came and stood among them and said, ―Peace be with you.‖ After he said this, he showed them his hands and his side. Then the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. Jesus said to them again, ―Peace be with you. John 20:19-21
- 36. ―You have heard that it was said, ‗You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.‘ But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father in heaven… Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.‖ Matthew 5:43-48
- 37. ―You have heard that it was said, ‗An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.‘ ― ―But I say to you, Do not resist an evildoer. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also; and if anyone wants to sue you and take your coat, give your cloak as well; and if anyone forces you to go one mile, go also the second mile.‖ Matthew 5:38-41
- 38. Focus on peace, not on triumph Focus on intentions Focus on tradeoffs Minimizing Damage Most wars don‘t live up to all of this – even ones that in retrospect needed to happen. ◦ These criteria give a way to look at the events in question and to arrive at some conclusions
- 40. P 19-20
- 41. This is about being good Christian citizens in our judgments about what things are worth going to war over. This is not about second guessing the actions of vetrans of war.
- 42. Some were just responses to Islamic invasions Some were unjust All had corrupt Christians doing unconscionable things
- 44. Published by Thomas Nelson Publishers, The American Patriot's Bible consists of hundreds of commentaries on various patriotic themes. … on the basis of Zechariah's prophecy that the Messiah would "speak peace to the nations" (Zech. 9:10) we are given a full page eulogy of Christopher Columbus that celebrates how God had destined this "devout Catholic" to bring the good news of salvation to an unreached people group. Absent from the commentary is any discussion of how he and his fellow pioneers deceived, maimed, raped and murdered a large number of these unreached people. Greg Boyd
- 45. Controling enemy computers to blind enemy to incoming air strike that cripples air defenses. Planting a major virus designed to make a nuclear facility render itself inoperable Destroying the infrastructure of a nation, cutting off power and communications etc.
- 47. Hiroshima and Nagasaki Mutually Assured Destruction
Notas do Editor
- Did a funeral on Thursday. Every one of those is a time of loss81 year old.Not many tears, compared with the death of a 20 somethingEspecially for violent deathsNot many tears, compared with the death of a childIn warfare, funerals for the young happen so quicklyAs a society, we treat military service with something like religious reverence. There is a focus on the glory achieved, and not so much on the devastation wrought.It is critical that when we are approaching questions of violence, that we do so with funerals in mind.An not just funerals, but the starvation, the shattering of livlyhoods, raping, torturing, etc.Beginning with a tour of a few representative biblical themes
- Violence has been used as a means of achieving one’s goals from as old as time.
- Violence exists in the Bible – anyone who has tried to read it cover to cover has encountered it, and may have been bothered by it, understandably.The Israelite invasion of the land of Canaan is an example.This is the only significant instance of a holy war being commissioned by GodI have a hard time reading these passages.The relative rarity of commands to commit to total war outside the conquest of Canaan is important.A God who gave up His life for all people is a God who can be trusted. This is framed as removing from the world some nations that were particularly bad. However, uncritical assumptions that we must be better than these nations is suspect at best.Most significant of all – we do not live in a time when God has a designates spokesperson. Removing that kind of clarity makes it virtually impossible
- Also important – there are some passages of violence that are not condonedSome stories in the Bible are difficult to swallow, but it is important to take the time to see if God is behind the violence, or if it is simply being factually described. There are many examples of Biblical stories of violence that do not necessarily reflect God’s will.
- Violence is restrained.One of the most misunderstood commandments – typically handled simply as killing. Not all killing is murder.
- This vision of the ideal future is not shared by all peoples.The Norse vision of Valhalla was more or less a great feast hall, where people ate, drank, and fought in the after life. Violence was celebrated, even in the end. The Hebrew and the Christian view of the future which God is drawing us all into is one of peace, one where violence, with all its horror and terror will be no more.The capital of Israel was Jerusalem – the city of peace. It was ironically named, because, at the crossroads of continents, Israel rarely knew peace for more than a generation. It was a city named in hope and faith, out of a knowledge of God.
- The Roman view of peace was simple. The world will be peaceful once the biggest dog in the room has given every other dog a thorough enough beating that no one will challenge their dominance. Then the wars can cease. Then the killing can end. Then people need no longer die – once everyone knows their place, living in fear of the biggest dog in the room.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero: 106-43 B.C.Roman Senator, Orator, and PhilosopherConcerned with rampant corruption and injustice in the Empire. War is placed within the natural law of self preservation. Violence is justifiable in self defense the face of violent aggression . This is a natural right implanted within each species by God. Repel force with force. IndeedAnticipating the criterion of last resort
- We’re taking steps throughAmbrose was a Christian of importance in the era shortly after Christianity became legal in the Roman EmpireCicero as having key moral insight.Moral equivalence between murder and the failure to protect extends the natural law principle of do no harm.“Those who love justice must first direct it to God, second to their country, third to parents, and last, to all people. This is the way in which nature reflects it.” p 41“The law calls for reciprocal vengeance; the Gospel commands us to return love for hostility, good will for hatred, prayers for curses”; “Indeed even if someone comes up against an armed thief, he cannot return blow for blow lest in the act of protecting himself he weaken the virtue of love. The Gospel supports this position in a clear and obvious way: ‘Put up your sword; everyone who kills with the sword will be killed by it.”
- Peace should be the object of your desire; war should be waged only as a necessity, and waged only that God may by it deliver men from the necessity and preserve them in peace. For peace is not sought in order to the kindling of war, but war is waged in order that peace may be obtained. Therefore, even in waging war, cherish the spirit of a peacemaker, that, by conquering those whom you attack, you may lead them back to the advantages of peace; … Let necessity, therefore, and not your will, slay the enemy who fights against you.Augustine rejeected wars of self interested desire because God would bless only wars of justified necessity with lasting peace based in justice.“for it is the wrongdoing of the opposing party which compels the wise man to wage just wars.” This just cause distinction between wars of desire and wars of necessity became JWT’s soul.Iraq warSaddam Hussein c/w Roman Emperors – Moral equivalence. More suffering has happened under the chaos[Dick Cheney arguing against invading Iraq on the basis of the chaos that would ensue. Peace, even a tense and unjust peace, is to be preferred to the chaos of war.We can only attain a tiny amount of peace based upon a small measure of justice. Even a necessary war is limited in what it can accomplish. It is God who provides that justice by instituting government which bears the sword with a mournful duty.Augustine not the first to allow Christisn to be soldiers under just-war-like conditions. New Testament examples of soldieres who trusted and followed Jesus without being required to quit beingsoldiers. Jesus was not pacifist, nor was the early church pacifist, though they did reject many forms of accepted violence to achieve ends.Self defense distinction – p 43-44Even when Christians must kill in a justifiable war, Augustine admonishes htemthathtey are requred by Jesus to do so with a peace loving heart.Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength, and your neighbor as yourself.
- Extremely high regard within the Roman Catholic Church, from death in 1274 to today.“Is it always sinful to wage war?”Presuming war’s sinfulness! Soverign authority first because the biggest concern in medieval times was the proliferation of war instigated by wealthy private individuals against other individuals or local politicians.Affirmed crusader mentality
- Self defense – AugustinePacifismTurn the other cheekRomans 13:1-41Peter2:13-14Anabaptist pacifists – no Christian, not even a government official, can weild the sword and be a true ChristianThe law curbs sin and evil, it cannot cure sin or rid the world of evil. Only the gospel can heal sinners now through forgiveness. Law therefore preserves this world where sin and evil still prowl around like wolrves lions and evils. God institutes two modes of governing the world, each with its own integrity, purpose, and pwer. The spiritual, by the world of the holy spirit, and the temporal which restrains the unChristian and wicked so that, no thanks to them they are obliged to keep still and to maintain an outward peace. [[This is significant for crusading discussions, which I don’t have time for]]Criticizing Holy War
- Trifles do not justify war. Accidents do not justify war. The possibility of injury does not justify war. Provoked injury does not justify war.We judge the actual situation of those injured in light of the aggressors intentions.Vengeance by private citizens is not legitimate.(Continental congress – we organized on the colonial level before our rebellion as a nation)(Issue of accountability. Fringe groups that can’t be held accountable for violence… This is the issue with terrorism – non state perpetrators of violence)Objectively, the overall goal of a political-military action.Subjectively, the motivational goal of the agent waging war.Not personal or national character flaws, not political power, not economic wealth, not cultural fame.Instead, the end goal is to restore a situation of peace.
- The sheer horror, death, and destructiveness of war.Diplomatic negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are customary.Cooling off periods give opportunity to save face.Economic embargos.Anything but the horrors of war, until that is the only option.There is always more that might be done. That makes last resort the easiest standard to invoke and the hardest for reasonable people to agree on.Will going to war cause more overall damage than would have occurred if war had not been tried?The caliber and quality of the peace to be achieved must outweigh both the suffering of the original injuries and the harm done by waging war.Dick Cheyny’s argument for not invading Iraq in the 90s. Unforseen factors and unintended consequences are war’s second nature. When we maximize good outcomes and minimize damage, we help bring about a sustainable end of peace.Difficult to calculateColin Powel’s doctrine.After the end of Persian Gulf War in 1991, Colin Powell, then chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, outlined his vision for efficient and decisive military action. His plan is now referred to as the Powell Doctrine, although there is not an actual formal document named as such. Powell, currently the U.S. secretary of state, has recently invoked the Doctrine in articulating the justifications for the Bush administration's preparations for war in Iraq. Essentially, the Doctrine expresses that military action should be used only as a last resort and only if there is a clear risk to national security by the intended target; the force, when used, should be overwhelming and disproportionate to the force used by the enemy; there must be strong support for the campaign by the general public; and there must be a clear exit strategy from the conflict in which the military is engaged. (Israeli full scale invasion of Palestine because of the capture of a soldier, which they were unable ultimately to recover questionable both from the last resort, proportionality of ends, and probability of success POVs)Killed since the beginning of the second Intifada: 995 Isralies, 3843 Palestinians. This is suspicious.
- This video is an increddible example of Just War reasoning.The probability of success, the just cause were there, legitimate authority.Invading Iraq in the 90s though, wasn’t a last resort, and the end of peace wasn’t likely to be achieved.---------------------------------------Ethics of attacking Iran as a brainstorming session.
- Driven
- War realists
- Look at the responses without names or worrying about party affiliation.
- Here are the two responses to the question.Where do they locate evil?[[This isn’t about Obama or McCain being better than one another. This is about different kinds of answers our culture can give to these questions.]]How are we supposed to respond to them.I need to ask the group here – is the transcendant challenge of evil in the 21st century radical Islamic extremism?As a Christian, I see the location of evil somewhere else.[[I honestly like John McCain. He has a powerful story, a powerful faith, and he’s been a good leader for our country. The thing is, though, that here, in this important case, it was Obama who came closer to the Biblical vision of evil and how we respond to it. Evil is first of all in each of us, and we need to take care of ourselves before we try to take it on in the lives of others.]]
- This preoccupation with the internal war is reflective of a New Testament that is more preoccupied with getting your own house in order before declaring war on the ungodly (of which the believers are a part!)
- Principled pacifism opposes violence and war in principle, no matter what the situation is or the circumstances are. Mennonites, Quakers, Bretheren, Amish. Their authority is Jesus
- Uncritical nationalismNot just present in America
- Greg Boyd - The assumption that God is uniquely invested and involved in America should especially concern Christians, since Jesus explicitly taught that the Kingdom he brought had nothing to do with nationalism or violence. His Kingdom was "not of this world," and the proof he offered Pilate in support of this claim is that his followers would not engage in violence, as defenders of worldly kingdoms invariably do (Jn. 18:36).