Hey guys<this my Ppt on The definition and the History of Binary digits.......Hope u like it!!:)

1. By Siddharth Koyal

2.  A bit (a contraction of binary digit) is the basic
capacity of information in computing and telecommu
nications; a bit represents either 1 or 0 (one or zero)
only. The representation may be implemented, in a
variety of systems, by means of a two state device.
 In computing, a bit can be defined as a variable or
computed quantity that can have only two
possible values. These two values are often interpreted
as binary digits and are usually denoted by
the numerical digits 0 and 1. The two values can also
be interpreted as logical
values (true/false, yes/no), algebraic signs (+/−), activ
ation states (on/off), or any other two-valued
attribute. The correspondence between these values
and the physical states of the
underlying storage or device is a matter of
convention, and different assignments may be used
even within the same device or program. The length of
a binary number may be referred to as its "bit-length."

3.  The encoding of data by discrete bits was used in the punched
cards invented by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon (1732),
developed by Joseph Marie Jacquard (1804), and later adopted
by Semen Korsakov, Charles Babbage, Hermann Hollerith, and
early computer manufacturers like IBM. Another variant of that
idea was the perforated paper tape. In all those systems, the
medium (card or tape) conceptually carried an array of hole
positions; each position could be either punched through or not,
thus carrying one bit of information. The encoding of text by bits
was also used in Morse code (1844) and early digital
communications machines such as teletypes and stock ticker
machines (1870).
 Ralph Hartley suggested the use of a logarithmic measure of
information in 1928.[3] Claude E. Shannon first used the word bit in
his seminal 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication.
He attributed its origin to John W. Tukey, who had written a Bell
Labs memo on 9 January 1947 in which he contracted "binary digit"
to simply "bit". Interestingly, Vannevar Bushhad written in 1936 of
"bits of information" that could be stored on the punched
cards used in the mechanical computers of that time.[4] The first
programmable computer built by Konrad Zuse used binary
notation for numbers.

4.  Thebinary numeral system, or base-2
number system, represents numeric values
using two symbols: 0 and 1. More
specifically, the usual base-2system is
a positional notation with a radix of 2.
Because of its straightforward
implementation in digital electronic
circuitry using logic gates, the binary
system is used internally by almost all
modern computers.

5.  The Indian scholar Pingala (around 5th–
2nd centuries BC) developed mathematical
concepts for describing prosody, and in
doing so presented the first known
description of a binary numeral
system.[1][2] He used binary numbers in the
form of short and long syllables (the latter
equal in length to two short syllables),
making it similar to Morse code.[3][4]
 Pingala's Hindu classic
titled Chandaḥśāstra (8.23) describes the
formation of a matrix in order to give a
unique value to each meter.

6.  In 1605 Francis Bacon discussed a system whereby letters of the
alphabet could be reduced to sequences of binary digits, which
could then be encoded as scarcely visible variations in the font
in any random text.[8] Importantly for the general theory of
binary encoding, he added that this method could be used with
any objects at all: "provided those objects be capable of a
twofold difference only; as by Bells, by Trumpets, by Lights and
Torches, by the report of Muskets, and any instruments of like
nature".[8]
 The modern binary number system was studied by Gottfried
Leibniz in 1679. See his article:Explication de l'Arithmétique
Binaire[9](1703). Leibniz's system uses 0 and 1, like the modern
binary numeral system. As a Sinophile, Leibniz was aware of
the I Ching and noted with fascination how its hexagrams
correspond to the binary numbers from 0 to 111111, and
concluded that this mapping was evidence of major Chinese
accomplishments in the sort of philosophical mathematics he
admired.[10]

7.  The I Ching book consists of 64 hexagrams.[1] [2]
 A hexagram is a figure composed of six stacked
horizontal lines (爻 yáo), where each line is
either Yang (an unbroken, or solid
line), or Yin (broken, an open line with a gap in
the center). The hexagram lines are
traditionally counted from the bottom up, so
the lowest line is considered line 1 while the top
line is line 6. Hexagrams are formed by
combining the original eight trigrams in
different combinations. Each hexagram is
accompanied with a description, often
cryptic, akin to parables. Each line in every
hexagram is also given a similar description