1. Public Policy for Urban
Transport in India:
Situation and Perspective
SIBRT – Leon – 25th April, 2012
O P Agarwal
The World Bank

2. Presentation outline
• Situation that triggered the National Urban
Transport Policy in India
• Challenges faced and how overcome
• Initial experience
• Current scenario
• Lessons learnt
• Leaders Program in Urban Transport
Planning
2

7. Motor Vehicle Sales in India (‘000)
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011
Cars M2W

8. Growth of Vehicles to Population
(1981-2001)
Population
16
Vehicles
14
12 Veh/Pop
10
8
6
4
2
0
Kolkata
Bangalore
Mumbai
Chennai
Delhi
Hyderabad
Average

10. Reduced Safety
Fatalities per million population
100 95
90
79 79
80
67
70
60 52
50 41
40
28 29
30
20
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

11. Energy Security
Oil consumption (in FE Outgo (In Rs
Million Tonnes) Billion)
160 4500
145
4000
140 4000
120 3500
100 3000
80 2500
2000
60
1500
40
23.5 1000
20
500
53
0 0
1980-81 2008-09 1980-81 2008-09

12. Urban population & projections
900 Projected 820
800
700
Actual
Population (Millions)
700
583
600
500 473
400 372
285
300 217
200 159
109
100 62.4 78.9
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051

13. Needed proactive measures –
Hence, a National Policy

14. •To make our cities the most livable in
the world and enable them to become
the “engines of economic
growth” that power India’s march
towards becoming a developed country

15. Why a National Policy?
Several key agencies
Several key enactments are under the National
administered by the Government
National Government
To guide National
Government’s Financial
To secure economies of Assistance
scale in research &
To set a framework for
capacity building efforts
State level policies and
strategies

16. Build capacity Ensure
to plan for coordinated
sustainable planning
urban for urban
Projects to transport Ensure
transport
demonstrate integrated
best practices land use &
in sustainable transport
transport
planning
Promote People
cleaner fuel National Urban focused &
& vehicle equitable
technologies
for cities
Transport Policy allocation of
road space
Innovative Investments
financing in public
methods to transport &
raise Non
Establish Motorized
resources Regulatory Strategies
for parking modes
mechanisms
for a level space and
playing field freight traffic
movements

17. Challenge
• Urban transport is a State subject
• Flyovers and road-widening are popular
initiatives
• How does one get them to think
differently?

18. National Urban Renewal Mission
• Established a partnership for the national,
provincial and local governments to finance
the needed urban infrastructure
• National government commits $ 12 billion
over a 7 year period
• Linked to prescribed reforms

19. Thus:
National Urban Established a
Transport Policy framework for action
National Urban Created an incentive
Renewal Mission for implementation

20. Initiatives taken
• 64 cities planning modern bus services
• BRT approved in 11 cities - others on the anvil
• 8 cities building new metro rail systems
• National pressure for Unified Metropolitan
Transport Authority
• Emphasis on a comprehensive mobility plan
• Comprehensive capacity building program
 Training, Education, Legal frameworks,
Institutions, standards and manuals

21. Metro projects – lessons learnt
• Delhi metro considered a “Crown Jewel”
• Extremely well implemented
• Extremely good public relations
• However, ridership needs to go up
 189 km – 1.8 million daily passengers
• Very little integration with other modes
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22. BRT Projects – lessons learnt
• Four cities have started services
• One city doing well, but in others its more like
dedicated busways
• Good learning opportunity for others
 Need for stable leadership
 Lack of capacity – city engineers, consultants
 Need to focus on operational plan and not just
infrastructure
 Importance of communications and outreach
 Adverse impact on the influential section of society
 Value of reliable data

23. Overall lessons
1. Need for improved strategic planning
2. Need for institutional integration and better
coordination – in planning and operations
3. Need for significant capacity building
4. Need for contextual research
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24. Capacity Building for
Leaders in Urban
Transport Planning
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25. Objective
• Create a pool of leaders/change agents to
look at Urban Mobility in a holistic and
comprehensive manner
• Create capacity in local universities and
training institutes
• Create high quality toolkits (“how to”
guides) and reference material for the
practice
• Create a platform for South-South
information exchange
• Create a professional network of leaders
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26. Target group
• Key national, provincial and city level
decision makers
• Potential faculty for local programs
• Bank staff and staff of partner agencies
working on urban transport
• Staff of civil society organizations working
on urban transport
• Staff of local consultants (at their cost)
26

27. Target group has special needs
• They switch off with • Self learning material to be
too much lecturing sent in advance
• “You don’t know our • Face to face event to focus
situation” on action learning
• Prefer learning by  Case studies
doing and seeing  Peer discussions
• Prefer learning at a  Group work/Games
slower pace – not • Learning by doing
information overload  Locally relevant project work
• Yet, they can not be  Mentoring support and high
out for too long quality reference material
Therefore traditional • Exposure to “Best
methods need Practices”
27
revision

28. Proposed 5 phase structure
Focus on
I. Self learning comprehensive
planning
II. One week face to face
learning program
III. Work on a locally relevant
project at duty location
Assignments IV. Exposure visit s/ Internship
+
Evaluation
V. Short wrap up and
certification

29. Status
• First program held in Singapore in January 2012
 66 participants from 13 different countries
 Offered an excellent opportunity for South –
South learning
• Further programs scheduled in:
 Marseille(French) – June 2012
 Fuzhou (Chinese) – June 2012
 India (English) – July – August, 2012
 Buenos Aires (Spanish) – November 2012
• Looking for partners to deliver in other countries
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30. Singapore Program Video
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