management 4th unit

1. LEADERSHIP

2. INTRODUCTION
Leader is a part of management and one of the most significant
elements of direction.
A leader may or may not be manager but a manager must a leader.
A manager as a leader must lead his subordinates and also inspire them
to achieve organizational goals.
Thus leadership is the driving force which gets the things done by
others

3. DEFINITON
LEADER
 A person who demonstrates and exercise influence and power over others.
 Leaders have a vision and influence others by their actions and comments.
LEADERSHIP
 It is the ability to influence other people -Lansdale
 Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinate to work with zeal
confidence- Koontz and O Donnell

4. IMPORTANCE
a) Leaders Motivates People
b) Leader Counsels Employees
c) Leader Develops Team Spirit
d) Leaders Aims At Time Management
e) Leader Strives For Effectiveness

5. TYPES OF LEADERSHIP
a) INTELLECTUAL LEADER He is one who possesses rich knowledge and technical competence.
All his subordinates listen and follow his advice because of his specialized intellectual authority.
e.g.- financial advisor, legal advisor, etc
b) CREATIVE LEADER Creative leader uses the technique of ‗circular response‘ to encourage ideas
to flow from group to him and vice versa. He draws out the best in his followers and controls them to
attain the goals.
c) PERSUASIVE LEADER He gains faith and confidence from his followers. He possesses a
magnetic personality which attracts followers which helps to get work done by them effectively.
d) INSTITUTIONAL LEADER When a person becomes a leader by virtue of his position, he is called
an institutional leader. e.g. - the principal of a college, managing director of a company
e) DEMOCRATIC LEADER A democratic leader is one who does not lead but is lead by his
followers. In other words, he follows the opinion of the majority of his followers and delegates most
of his power to them.
f) AUTOCRATIC LEADER He is one who dominates and drives his group through coercion and
command. He institutes a sense of fear among his followers. Such leaders love power and never
delegate their authority.

6. THEORIES
1. TRAIT THEORY/GREAT MAN THEORY This theory suggests that leaders
have some inborn traits. They have certain set of characteristics that are crucial
for inspiring others towards a common goal. A successful leader is supposed to
have the following traits- good personality, tirelessness, capacity to read other‘s
mind, ability to make quick decision, courage, persuasion, intelligence,
reliability, imagination
2. STYLE THEORY This focuses on what leaders do in relational and contextual
terms. The achievement of satisfactory performance measures requires
supervisors to pursue effective relationships with their subordinates, while
comprehending the factors in the work environment that influence outcomes.

7. 3. TRANSACTIONAL/TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY This
theory describes the relationship between leaders and followers. This
refers to a process where by the leader attends the needs and motives
of followers so that interaction raises to high levels of motivation and
morality.
4. SITUATIONAL THEORY This theory believes that leadership
effectiveness depended on the relationship among the leaders task at
hand, their interpersonal skills and the favourableness the work
situation.

8. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
1. AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP: The leader assumes complete control over the decisions
and activities of the group.
Characteristic Of The Leader
Firm personality, self-assured, highly directive, dominating.
Has high concern for the work than for the people who performs task
Shows no regards to the interests of the employees
Set rigid standards, method of performance and expects the subordinates to obey the rules
Makes all decision by himself or herself
Minimal group participation or none from the workers

9. 2. DEMOCRATIC LEADER Participative consultative style of leadership
Characteristic Of The Leader
Sense of equality among leader and followers
Open system of communication prevails
Interaction between the leader and group is friendly and trusting
Leader works through people
3. LAISSARE-FAIRE LEADERSHIP Free- Rein, Anarchic and Ultraliberal style of
leadership. The leader gives up all power to the group.
Characteristic Features
Encourages independent activity by the group member
Group members are free to set their own goals determine their own activities and allowed
to do almost what they desire to do
Style effective in highly motivating professional growth by domination but by
suggestions and persuasions

10. 4). BUREAUCRATIC LEADERSHIP In this the leader function only with
rules and regulations. Leader cannot be flexible and does not like to take any
risk out of the rules. E.g defence leader
Characteristics of leadership
1. It is concerned with the lying down group objectives and polices for the
followers`.
2. It pre – supposes the existence of a group followers.
3. Its style may differ from situation to situation.
4. It is the ability to perused others and motivate them to work for
accomplishing certain objectives.
5. It is process of influencing exercised by leader on members of a group.
6. It involves an unequal distribution of authority among leaders and groups.

11. DEVELOPING YOUR LEADRERSHIP ABILITY
1. Increase your personal competence and knowledge
2. Develop & maintain flexibility
3. Develop self confidence, Decisiveness & integrity in
decision making
4. Walk, talk and look poised & confident
5. Develop and maintain alliances
6. Develop your personal physical resources

12. APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP IN NURSING
1. Patient care coordination
2. Employee responsibilities
3. Guidelines for delegating nursing care
4. Mentorship
5. Preceptor ship
6. Continuing education