7. 波动
fluctuate fluctuation
My state fluctuates from the early
morning to midnight.
There is a fluctuation in my state
from the early morning to midnight.
v. n.去 e, + ion
fluctuate
例子
10. 上升
• increase v./n.
• rise v./n.
• grow v.
• surge v.
• soar v.
• rocket v.
• upward adj.
increaserise
surge/
soar/
rocket
upward It increases from 20% to 50% in…
It shows a big increase in…
There is an increase in…
It rises from … to…
There is a rise in…
It grows from … to…
There is a growth in…
It surges/soars/rockets in…
It experiences an upward trend in…
grow
13. 下降
• decrease v./n.
• decline v./n.
• reduce v.
• fall/ drop/
descned v.
• plummet v.
• slump v.
• downward adj.
decreasedeclinereduce
fall/
drop/
descend
downward
It decreases from ( 数据 ) to ( 数据 ) in…
It shows a decrease in…
There is a decrease in…
It declines from … to…
There is a decline in…
It reduces from … to…
There is a reduction in…
It falls/drops/descends in…
It experiences a downward trend in…
15. 练习
It rose and then
experienced a
decrease.
There was a big
reduction and then
a small growth.
It shows a small
increase.
There is an
upward trend and
then a downward
trend.
16. 稳定
HARRY’S annual sales of
hamburgers (1998)
• remain stable
• stay steady
• keep constant
• maintain the same
It maintains steady
during ( 时间 )
The trend keeps stable
from… to…
17. 练习
It rose and then
experienced a
decline.
It decreases first
and then keeps
steady.
It fluctuates
from… to…
There is an
upward trend and
then a downward
trend.
21. 达到
stand at
amount to
reach
The number of divorced people
reached the peak in 1999.
The rate of population aged 65
amounted to 37% in 2000.
The number of married people
stood at 2 million.
approach
The number of females
approached 2% in 1999.
22. 小幅度
gentle
slow
wild
slight
•There is a wild decrease in…
•It declines wildly in…
•There is a slight rise in..
•It increases slightly in…
•There is a slow increase in…
•It grows slowly in…
•There is a gentle reduction in…
•It reduces gently in…
steady •There is a steady growth in…
•It drops steadily in…
23. 词性变化
slightly
There is a slight decrease in…
It decreases slightly in…
adj. adv.+ ly
slight
副词修饰动
词和形容词
形容词
修饰名
词
例子
28. 练习
There is a gentle
increase and then a
slow reduction.
It witnesses a sharp
downward trend and
then a wild decrease.
It rises dramatically and
witnesses a slight
decline.
31. 最大值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
peak
n. /
v.
maximum
n.
reach a
maximum
reach a highest
point at
peak at
reach a
peak at
highest
adj.
32. 最小值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
bottom
n. / v.
minimum
n.
reach a
minimum
reach a lowest
point at
bottom out
at
reach a
bottom at
lowest
adj.
33. 翻译练习
It showed an
increase,
reaching a peak
at 20 million.
它显示出一个
大的上升趋势
，达到一个最
大值，为 20 百
万。
It reached a
minimum, with
2000 million in
1998.
The housing prices
reached a peak
with 10000/m2
in
2008.
2008 年的房价
达到了最高值
， 为
10000/m2
。
它在 1998 年达
到了最小值，为
2000 百万。
The housing prices
reached a
maximum in 2008
(10000/m2
).
The housing prices
reached a highest
point in 2008, with
(10000/m2
).
It witnessed an
increase,
peaking at 20
million.
34. • There was a slight rise in…
• It rose significantly in…
• It witnessed an upward trend in…
• It witnessed an increase in…
37. 三种必用句式
a) There be + 变化（名词） + in + 被描述对象（纵坐
标）
There was an increase in global water use.
b) 描述对象（常为纵坐标） + 变化（动词） in 时间或
地点
The water use rises dramatically in 1970/Brazil.
c) 横坐标作主语 ( 一般为时间或者地点 ) + 经历 + 变化
（形容词 / 名词） + in+ 描述对象（纵坐标）
* 表示经历 : see / witness / experience / undergo
1900 experienced an upward trend in water use in
Brazil.
Brazil experienced an upward trend in water use in
1900.
38. 连接词
• To be more detailed
• To be more specific
• More specifically
• Besides
• In addition
• Additionally
• Moreover
• Furthermore
• While
• Whilst
• Whereas
除了… 还有…
进一步，表递进
而，表对比
更具体点
40. In showed a fluctuation in annual sales of
hamburgers during the whole year of
1998. To be specific, January
experienced a slightly upward trend in
annual sales of hamburgers from 1800
million to approximately 2000 million.
There was a significant increase from
1800 million in June, reaching a peak at
3000 million in August. Moreover, a
dramatical reduction was closely followed,
bottoming out at 1200 million in October.
