This document provides information about drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining drug abuse and addiction, noting that addiction is a chronic brain disease involving compulsive drug use. It then describes different types of drugs that are commonly abused, including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. The document discusses how genetic and environmental factors can lead to addiction. It lists physical, behavioral, and psychological warning signs of drug abuse. It also outlines how drugs affect the brain and describes some consequences of drug use, such as health, social, financial, legal, and occupational impacts. The document concludes by covering treatments for drug addiction like detox, medication, and various forms of therapy

1. Subject : Pharmacy Practice
Subject Code: BP703TT
Guided by :
Dr. Sapna Desai
9/4/2020

2. B.Pharm
4th year (Sem :VII)
2
Name Enrollment no. Contribution
Hetul Patel 172350290036 YES
Krina Patel 172350290039 YES
Prachi Patel 172350290040 YES
Rutvi Patel 172350290041 YES
Samiya Patel 172350290042 YES
Shubham patel 172350290043 YES
9/4/2020

3.  Addiction is a psychological and physical inability to
stop consuming a chemical, drug, activity, or
substance, even though it is causing psychological
and physical harm.
 The term addiction does not only refer to dependence
on substances such as heroin or cocaine.
 A person who cannot stop taking a particular drug or
chemical has a substance dependence.
 Some addictions also involve an inability to stop
partaking in activities, such as gambling, eating, or
working.
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4.  In these circumstances, a person has a behavioural
addiction.
 When a person experiences addiction, they cannot
control how they use a substance or partake in an
activity, and they become dependent on it to cope
with daily life.
 Most harmful addictions are:-
Smoking addiction
Alcohol addiction
Drug addiction
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5. 5

6. What is smoking ?
• Smoking is the act of inhaling and
exhaling the fumes of burning
plant materials are smoked,
including marijuana and hashish,
but the act is most commonly
associated with tobacco as smoked
in a cigarette, cigar ,pipe and water
bongs.
6

7. How people get addicted to
smoking
Stress and low self-esteem
Having parents , siblings or friends who smoke
Exposure & susceptibility to smoking advertising
Older age
Being male
Presence of abusing substance nicotine
7

8. Complications
8

9. How to quit smoking
Set a quit date.
Tell family, friends and co-workers that you plan to quit.
Anticipate and plan for the challenges you will face while
quitting.
Remove cigarette and other tobacco products from your
home, car and work.
Talk to your doctor about getting help to quit.
9

10. Manage the smoking cravings
• While avoiding smoking triggers will help reduce
your urge to smoke, you probably can’t avoid
cigarette cravings entirely.
• Fortunately, cravings don’t last long typically, about
5 or 10 minutes.
• If you are tempted to light it up, remind yourself that
the craving will soon pass and try to wait it out.
• There re certain ways which help you to overcome
from the smoking cravings:-
10

11. Distract yourself.
Remind yourself why
you quit.
Get out of a tempting
situation.
Reward yourself
11

12. Tips:-
Find a oral substitute.
Keep your mind busy.
Keep your hands busy.
Brush your teeth.
Drink water.
Light something else.
Get active.
Try to relax.
Go somewhere smoking is not permitted.
12

13. Medication and Therapy
• Smoking cessation medications can ease
withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.
• They are effective when used as part of
comprehensive stop smoking program
monitored by your physician.
• Talk to your doctor about your options and
whether an antismoking medications is right
for you or not.
• The USFDA approved options are:-
13

14. Nicotine Replacement Therapy
• Nicotine replacement therapy involves
“replacing” cigarettes with other
nicotine substitutes, such as nicotine
gum, patch, lozenge, inhaler, or nasal
spray.
• It relieves some of the withdrawal
symptoms by delivering small and
steady doses of nicotine into your body
without the tars and poisonous gases
found in cigarettes.
• This type of treatment helps you focus
on breaking your psychological
addiction and makes it easier to
concentrate on learning new behaviors
and coping skills.
14

15. Non Nicotine Medication
• These medications help you stop smoking by reducing
cravings and withdrawal symptoms without the use of
nicotine.
• Medications:-
Bupropion
(Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Varenicline
(Chantix, Champix) 15

16. Alternative therapies
1. Hypnosis
• This is a popular option that has produced good results for
many smokers struggling to quit.
• Forget anything you may have seen from stage hypnotists,
hypnosis works by getting you into a deeply relaxed state
where you are open to suggestions that strengthen your
resolve to stop smoking and increase your negative feelings
towards smoking.
2. Acupuncture:-
• One of the oldest known medical techniques, acupuncture is
believed to work by triggering the release of endorphins
(natural pain relievers) that allow the body to relax. As a
smoking cessation aid, acupuncture can be helpful in
managing smoking withdrawal symptoms.
16

17. 3. Behavioral therapy:-
• Nicotine addiction is related to the habitual behaviors or rituals
involved in smoking.
• Behavior therapy focuses on learning new coping skills and
breaking those habits.
4. Motivational therapy:-
• Self-help books and websites can provide a number of ways to
motivate yourself to give up smoking.
• One well known example is calculating the monetary savings.
Some people have been able to find the motivation to quit just
by calculating how much money they will save.
• It may be enough to pay for a summer vacation.
17

18. 18

19. What is the Alcohol abuse or
Alcoholism?
• Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol
abuse and involves the inability to manage
drinking habits.
• It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use
disorder.
• Alcohol use disorder is organized into three
categories:-
1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Severe
• Each category has various symptoms and cause
harmful side effects.
• If left untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can be
out of control. 19

20. • Only type of alcohol can safely drink is Ethanol.
• It is estimated that over two billion people drink everyday.
• This type of alcohol is produced by the fermentation of
yeast, sugars and starches.
• The human liver can metabolize ethanol, but only in limited
quantities.
• Ethanol is toxic ,so it damages the liver, the brain and other
organs over time.
• Ethanol also inhabits the central nervous system ,thereby
impairing the coordination and judgement.
• Binge drinking and other forms of alcohol abuse can cause a
person to develop debilitating alcohol addiction.
20

21. Types of Alcohol beverages that human
can ingested
1. Distilled drinks:-
 It has high concentration of alcohol.
Brandy Whiskey Everclear Gin
Tequila Rum Absinthe Vodka
21

22. • 2. Undistilled drinks:-
Undistilled drinks are also called as fermented drinks.
Beer Wine Hard cider
Mead Sake 22

23. How the people get addicted to alcohol.
• It is estimated that at least 3
million people around the world
die from alcohol use each year.
• Alcoholism can develop because
of the chemical interactions in the
brain.
• Alcoholism can develop when
alcohol is used to cope with
physiological needs.
• The factors that leads to
alcoholism can be both
environmental and genetic.
23

24. Physical addiction to alcohol
Psychological addiction to alcohol
Hereditary factors lead to alcoholism
• Being in an environment that promotes the consumption
of large amounts of alcohol
• Peer pressure, especially among teens
• Being in a sexual minority group
• Having a friend group that normally drinks heavily
Social factors lead to alcoholism
24

25. • Internal risk factors of alcoholism
• Genetic factors ,including a family history of alcoholism
• Mental health conditions
• Being in a sexual minority group
• Trauma
• Stress
• External risk factors of alcoholism
• Upbringing (eg. being raised in a home with alcohol abuse)
• Environment pressures
• Peer pressure and drinking at a young age.
• Lack of social support
• Injury
• Bariatric surgery
• Poverty
• Incarceration
• Mixing alcohol with medications
Alcohol addiction risk factors
25

26. Symptoms of Alcohol abuse
• Loud or slurred speech
• Bloodshot eyes
• Boisterous attitude
• Sexually risky behavior
• Disoriented movements
• Depression
• Vomiting
• Memory loss
• Decreased inhibition
Physical symptoms of alcohol use:-
• Addiction rewires the brain
• Effect on existing mental health disorders
Psychological symptoms
26

27. • The inability to reduce the amount of alcohol they drink
• Cravings for alcohol
• Frequently visiting the alcohol store
• Drinking larger and larger amounts of alcohol to get drunk
• Drinking alcohol in unsafe situations such as while driving
• Long memory blackouts
• Drinking early in the day
• Drinking alone
• Frequent hangovers
• Giving up hobbies or activities due to alcohol use, drunkenness
• Relationship problems
• Legal trouble
• Financial problems
Symptoms that indicate alcohol
addiction or alcoholism
27

28. Complications with Alcoholism
28

29. Alcohol poisoning
• Heavy drinking can easily lead to an alcohol overdose ,also known as
alcohol poisoning.
• Poisoning typically occurs at a BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) of
0.45 or higher.
• Unfortunately, deaths from alcohol poisoning are common in heavy
drinkers, so it is important you look for those symptoms:-
• Slow or irregular breathing
• Slow heart rate
• Confusion
• Unconsciousness
• Dulled response to stimuli
• Low body temperature
• Blue skin color , especially in the lips or face
• Clammy skin
• seizures
29

30. How to overcome from Alcoholism
Set goals and prepare for change
• Once you have made the decision to change, the next step is
establishing clear drinking goals.
• The more specific, realistic and clear your goals for better
result.
• Example:-
• My drinking goal:-
 I will stop drinking alcohol.
 My quit date is OR
 I will stop drinking in weekends , starting as of
 I will limit my Saturday and Sunday drinking to no more
than 3 drinks per day or 5 drinks per weekend.
 After the 3 months , I will cut back my weekend drinking
even more to a maximum of 2drinks per day or 3 drinks per
weekend.
30

31. How to accomplish your goals
Get rid of temptations.
Announce your goals.
Be upfront about your new limits.
Avoid bad influences.
Learn from the past.
Set your drinking goal before drink.
Keep a record of your drinking.
Cut down drinking at home.
Drink slower.
Schedule one or two alcohol-free
days each week.
31

32. Medication and Therapies
• Medications
Naltrexone
• Can help people reduce heavy drinking.
Acamprosate
• Makes it easier to maintain abstinence.
Disulfiram
• Blocks the breakdown (metabolism) of alcohol by the body, causing
unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and flushing of the skin
• Those unpleasant effects can help some people avoid drinking while
taking disulfiram. 32

33. • Treatment:-
Alcohol
detox
Inpatient
rehab
Outpatient
rehab
Alcohol
counseling
33

34. Stages of Treatment
Detoxification
• The detoxification stage is the first step in the recovery
process.
• It involves eliminating alcohol from your body completely.
Rehabilitation
• After the detoxification stage, you will begin rehabilitation.
• This involves a wide range of different therapies and
treatments to help you combat drinking urges and triggers.
Maintenance
• Once you complete the rehabilitation stage, you will begin to
gradually acclimate yourself to daily life.
• It’s important to give yourself time to ease back into the swing
of things.
34

35. Therapies:-
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT)
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy(DBT)
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
Marital and Family Counseling
Yoga and Meditation
Art and Music Therapy
35

36. 9/4/2020 36
Drug Abuse
&
Drug Addiction

37. What Is Drug Abuse & Drug Addiction?
• Drug abuse:- Drug abuse
typically refers to abusing
substances — not necessarily
being addicted to them.
• However, drug abuse can often
lead to physical dependence or
addiction, which is associated
with overwhelming drug cravings,
withdrawal symptoms, and more.
• Drug addiction:-The National
Institute on Drug Abuse
describes drug addiction as a
chronic, relapsing brain disease
involving compulsive drug
seeking and use.
37

38. Introduction
• Drug abuse and addiction, now both grouped as
substance or drug use disorder, is a condition
characterized by a self-destructive pattern of
using a substance that leads to significant
problems and distress, which may include
tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance.
• Dual diagnosis refers to the presence of both a
drug-use issue in addition to a serious mental
health condition in an individual.
• drug use disorders have no single cause, there
are a number of biological, psychological, and
social risk factors that can predispose a person
to developing a chemical use disorder
38

39. • People can abuse virtually any substance
whose ingestion can result in a euphoric ("high")
feeling.
• While the specific physical and psychological
effects of drug use disorder tend to vary based
on the particular substance involved, the
general effects of a substance use disorder
involving any drug can be devastating.
• Drug addiction increases the risk of a number of
negative life stressors and conditions,
particularly if left untreated.
39

40. Classifications
Of Drugs Abuse
Gateway Drugs
Depressant
Drugs
Stimulant
Drugs
Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Examples
Alcohol, Marijuna, Nicotine
Alcohol, Barbiturates,
Tranquilizers
Amphetamines(shabu, caffine,
cocain)
Cocain, Heroin, Marijuna
Lysergic Acid, Psilocybin(obtained
to mushrooms)
Acetone, Spry paints, Cleaning
fluids, Rugby
40

41. Gateway drugs
(Marijuna plant)
Depressant Drugs Stimulant Drugs
(Nicotin)
Narcotics
(Heroin)
Hallucinogens
(Psilocybin)
Inhalants
41

42. How people get addicted to Drug abuse?
Drug abuse may start as a way to socially connect.
If the drug fulfills a valuable need.
Problems can sometimes sneak up on you.
As drug abuse takes hold.
Eventually drug abuse can consume.
42

43. Physical warning signs
Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than
usual
Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
Sudden weight loss or weight gain
Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing
Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired
coordination
Common signs and symptoms of drug abused &
drug addiction
43

44. Behavioral warning signs
Drop in attendance and performance at work or
school
Unexplained financial problems; borrowing or
stealing
Engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors
Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and
hobbies
Frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents,
illegal activities)
44

45. Psychological warning signs
Unexplained change in personality or attitude
Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry
outbursts
Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or
giddiness
Lack of motivation; appears lethargic or “spaced
out”
Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid
45

46. 46

47. How Drugs Affect Your Brain?
Impulse Control
Emotional Control
Memory Control
Reward System
Flexible Thinking
Reflex Control
Mental Health
47

48. Consequence
of drug use
Health
increased
morbidity &
mortality
Family
Fights,
Neglect,
separation /
Divorce, loss
of trust
Social
Stigama,
isolation
Financial
Over
expenditure
on drugs,
Debts etc.
Legal
Fights,
accidents,
crime
Occupational
reduced trust,
loss of job
48

49. Dolophine
• It works in brain to change how your
body feels &responds feels.
Vivitrol
• Block the effects of opioid medication.
Clonidine
• Clonidine reduces sweating & cramps
• Stop tremors & seizures
Drug Addiction Medications
49

50. Drug Addiction Treatment
Drug Detox
Addiction Medication
Teletherapy
Aftercare & Sober living
Inpatient Treatment
Outpatient Treatment
50

51. Biofeedback Therapy
Holistic Therapy
Experiential Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Drug Addiction Therapy
51

52. 52
Drug Rehabilitation Centers in India
Tulasi Healthcare
Phoenix Foundation India
Genesis Foundation
AARIT Recovery Centre
Arzoo Foundation
Drug Dependence Treatment Centre

53. 53
GOVERNMENT TOLL FREE NUMBER & FREE TRATMENT OF
DE- ADDICATION
TOLL FREE NUMBER: 1800110031
FREE TRATMENT:
https://rehabs.in/services/free-treatment/

54. References
54
Slide no. &
Topic Name
Contains Collection
3 to 4
Introduction
•https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323
465
5 to 17
No Smoking
•https://www.britannica.com/topic/smoking-
tobacco
•https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-
development/substance-use/drugs/tobacco/risk-
and-protective-
factors/index.html#:~:text=Numerous%20factors
%20influence%20adolescents'%20decisions,sib
lings%2C%20or%20friends%20who%20smoke
•https://www.helpguide.org/articles/addictions/ho
w-to-quit-smoking.htm

55. 55
18 to 35
Alcohol
Addiction
https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/
https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/types/
https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/causes/
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/addictions/overcom
ing-alcohol-addiction.Htm
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/alcohol-
abuse/side-effects/
https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-
and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-
and-getting-help
https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/treatment/
https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/treatment/types-
therapy-alcoholism/
36 to 51
Drug
Abuse &
Drug
Addiction
•https://www.addictioncenter.com/treatment/drug-and-
alcohol-detox/
•https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/drug-addiction/
•https://www.helpguide.org/articles/addictions/drug-
abuse-and-addiction.htm
•https://www.medicinenet.com/drug_abuse/article.htm

56. “Addiction is a
family disease..”
“One person may use,
But the whole family suffers.”
9/4/2020