The United Nations was established in 1945 to replace the ineffective League of Nations and promote international cooperation. It has six main organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and Trusteeship Council. The UN works to maintain peace and security, protect human rights, deliver humanitarian aid, and achieve sustainable development goals. It faces ongoing challenges in peacekeeping, human rights, disputes, poverty, and threats like terrorism.

1. PRESESNTATION ON
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Submitted By-
Shreyash Falke
MBA-IB (Sem III)
Amity University

2. About the Organization
 The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization was established on 24 October
1945 to promote international co-operation.
 A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following
the Second World War to prevent another such conflict.
 At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193.
 The UN Headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New York City.
 The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.
 Works in affiliation with Six official Languages:
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian & Spanish.

3. UN Headquarters

4. The Charter of the UN
 The United Nations Charter is the treaty that forms and establishes the international
organization called the United Nations.
 It was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations
Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945.
 The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.
 Purpose
 to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace
 To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights
and self-determination of peoples
 To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social,
cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights
and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion

5. Objectives of UN
 Maintaining international peace and security
 Promoting human rights
 Fostering social and economic development
 Developing friendly international relations among world nations
 Providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.
 Solving international problems of any nature (economic, cultural, social)

6. Principles of the UN
 All Member States have sovereign equality.
 All Member States must obey the Charter.
 Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means.
 Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force.
 The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country.
 Countries should try to assist the United Nations.

7. Organizational Structure of the UN
Six Principal organs of the UN:
- the General Assembly
- the Secretariat
- the Security Council
- the International Court of Justice
- the Economic and Social Council
- the Trusteeship Council

8. The General Assembly
 Main function: Assessing member countries and
deciding on the budget
 The only organ where every member state is
represented
 Consists of committees
 Convenes annually in September, special
sessions can also be held
 Voting on important questions or
recommendations on peace and security,
budgetary concerns and the election, admission,
suspension or expulsion of members – is by a
two-thirds majority of those present and voting.

9. The Secretariat
 Includes an international staff working in duty stations
around the world.
 Primarily has an administrative function
 The Secretary General holds office for five years per
term
 Current Secretary General is Ban Ki-moon
 It services the other principal organs of the United
Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid
down by them.
The Secretariat has around 43,000 staff members around
the world

10. The Security Council
 UN’s most powerful organ
 It deals with threats to international peace and security
 It has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent: the USA,
China, Russia, Britain and France
 Permanent members have veto power when the Council
decides on important issues
 Its powers include the establishment
of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of
international sanctions, and the authorization of military
action through Security Council resolutions.

11. The International Court of Justice
 The principal judicial organ of the UN
 Based in the Hague, Netherlands
 Consists of 15 judges elected by the General
Assembly and Security Council
 Applies international law
 Its main functions are to settle legal disputes
submitted to it by states and to provide advisory
opinions on legal questions submitted to it
 No appeals can be made by parties to its
judgment

12. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
 Central platform for debate, and innovative
thinking on sustainable development.
 The principal body for coordination, policy review,
policy dialogue and recommendations on economic,
social and environmental issues, as well as for
implementation of the internationally agreed
development goals.
 ECOSOC engages a wide variety of stakeholders –
policymakers, parliamentarians, academics, major
groups, foundations, business sector representatives
and 3,200+ registered non-governmental
organizations
 The work of the Council is guided by an issue-based
approach.

13. The Trusteeship Council
 Established to help ensure that trust
territories were administered in the best interests
of their inhabitants and of international peace and
security.
 Authorized to examine and discuss reports from
the Administering Authority on the political,
economic, social and educational advancement of
the peoples of Trust Territories
 In consultation with the Administering Authority,
to examine petitions from and undertake periodic
and other special missions to Trust Territories.

14. Main Agencies of UN
 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 International Labour Organization (ILO)
 World Bank Group (WBG)
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

15. UN Trade Facilitation Assistance:

16. United Nations Commission on International
Trade Law (UNCITRL)
 The core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of international trade law.
 Established by the United Nations General Assembly by its Resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17
December 1966.
 UNCITRAL's business is the modernization and harmonization of rules on international
business. UNCITRAL's membership comprised 60 states.
 Functions:
 Establishing and maintaining a close collaboration with the UN Conference on Trade and
development.
 Promoting ways and means of ensuring a uniform interpretation and application of international
conventions and uniform laws in the field of the law of international trade.
 Technical assistance in Law Reform Projects.

17. Rules on Commercial Transactions by UNCITRAL
 Conventions, model laws and rules which are acceptable worldwide.
 Legal and legislative guides and recommendations of great practical value.
 Updated information on case law and enactments of uniform commercial law.
 Technical assistance in law reform projects.
 Regional and national seminars on uniform commercial law.

18. United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
 Governed by its 194 member States.
 United Nations established in 1964 is the body responsible for dealing with development issues,
particularly international trade.
 Forum where representatives of all countries can freely engage in dialogue and discuss ways to establish
a better balance in the global economy.
 Its work can be summed up in three words: think, debate, and deliver.
 It produces often-innovative analyses that form the basis for recommendations to economic
policymakers.
 The aim is to help policy makers take informed decisions and promote the macroeconomic policies best
suited to ending global economic inequalities and to generating people-centred sustainable development.

19. United Nations Development Action Framework in
India
The UNDAF has six broad outcomes:
 Inclusive Growth
 Food and Nutrition Security
 Gender Equality
 Administrative Efficiency
 Employment and Social Protection
 Sustainable Energy Development and
Universal Health Coverage

20.  Inclusive Growth
The United Nations Country Team is committed to working with partners to help achieve the
Government of India's inclusive, sustainable and equitable development priorities by introducing
innovative ways of tackling problems, proposing evidence-based policy options and promoting
adherence to international norms and standards.
 Food and Nutrition Security
Aims for a future where every individual has adequate nutrition involving comprehensive
efforts to ensure that every man, women and child enjoy their Right to Adequate Food;
women are empowered; priority is given to family farming; and food systems everywhere
are sustainable and resilient.
 Gender Equality
Empowering women unleashes the largest, untapped potential for sustainable.
development.

21.  Administrative Efficiency
Ensuring efficient, responsive, accountable and transparent governance to improve
service delivery.
 Employment and Social Protection
Creating jobs opportunities decent work and social protection lay the foundation for
secure livelihoods.
 Sustainable Energy Development
Enabling universal access to modern energy, cleaner and more efficient energy sources,
maximizes development benefits.
 Universal Health Coverage
Investing in universal health coverage protects people from being pushed into poverty
because of the burden of healthcare.

22. The questions surrounding the United Nations are :
 Is the UN fulfilling its mission in the world?
 How can the UN better work with the US and vice versa?
 Does it have the right priorities?
 Will reforms work and which will work best?

23. Challenges to the United Nations
 International Peacekeeping
 Protecting Human Rights
 International Disputes
 Removing Poverty
 Eradicating anti social elements in different parts of the world