2. Introduction
• Problem Statement - With technology advancing at break next speed we need to consider the jobs that are
in jeopardy of being snatched away by our mechanical counterparts. This research aims to study how is AI
replacing jobs, which roles and industries will be most impacted, how can societies get prepared and if
robots and humans can work hand in hand in complex human environment.
• With technology advancing at break next speed we need to consider the jobs that are in jeopardy of being
snatched away by our mechanical counterparts.
• Tasks that are monotonous, can be easily automated; this can gradually make certain roles obsolete. For
instance, tasks and activities related to customer care/call center operation, document
classification, discovery and retrieval, content moderation are more and more based on technology and
automation, and less on human work.
• Concerns of new technologies disrupting the workforce and causing job losses have been around for a long
time. On one side, the argument is automation will create better new jobs and erase the need for physical
labor. The counterclaim is that people without the appropriate skills will be displaced and not have a home in
the new environment.
3. Name of Author Year of
publicati
on
Name of Paper Description
Müller, V. C., &
Bostrom,
2016 Why are there still so many jobs?
The history and future of workplace
automation.
The study examines how susceptible jobs are to computerisation,
Chelliah, J. 2017 Robotisation, employment and
industrial growth intertwined across
global value chains
This study aims to address and discusses the future of robots,
mechatronics and artificial intelligence in different perspectives.
Hawksworth, J.,
Berriman, R., & Goel,
2018 Labor costs and the adoption of
robots in China.
How china is advancing by using AI and its impact
Rajadhyaksha, A., &
Chatterjee, A.
2018 Automation and new tasks: How
technology displaces and reinstates
labor
This paper highlights the risks faced by white-collar workers resulting
from advances in artificial intelligence
Stehrer, R., &
Stöllinger,
2020 Industrial robots and the mental
health of workers.
This paper focusses on how the adverse impact caused by AI on jobs
will cause rise in mental issues for the workers.
Y., & Tang, L 2020 Robots, reshoring, and the lot of
low-skilled workers.
This paper aims to skill the impact AI will have on unskilled workers
and that they are the most vulnerable section of society to be
affected.
Acemoglu, D., &
Restrepo, P.
2019 Towards a reskilling revolution: A
future of jobs for all.
Study about reskilling revoloution.
Graetz, G., &
Michaels, G.
2018 An agenda for leaders to shape the
future of education, gender and
The impact AI will have in shaping the future in sectors like education,
gender and work
Literature Review
4. Deming, D., &
Kahn, L. B
2018 Skill requirements across firms and
labor markets: Evidence from job
postings for professionals.
Description
Seyitoğlu, F., &
Ivanov, S.
2020 Service robots as a tool for physical
distancing in tourism.
This paper suggest that technological development, and
in particular digitalisation, has major implications for
tourism.
Acemoglu, D., &
Autor, D.
2011 Skills, tasks and technologies:
Implications for employment and
earnings.
augmentation wave: focused on automation of repeatable
tasks such as filling in forms, communicating and
exchanging information through dynamic technological
support, and statistical analysis of unstructured data
Wilson, H.,
Daugherty, P., &
Bianzino, N.
2017 The jobs that artificial intelligence will
create.
The effects of automation are counterbalanced by the
creation of new tasks in which labor has a comparative
advantage.
Morikawa, M. 2017 Who are afraid of losing their jobs to
artificial intelligence and robots?
highlights the risks faced by white-collar workers
resulting from advances in artificial intelligence
Coupé, T. 2018 29.Robots, Job Characteristics and
Job Insecurity.
This paper explores the confluence of current
technological advancements and whether machines are
about to permanently replace humans in the workplace
Petropoulos, G. 2018 30. Praise for Work in the Digital
Age, 119.
Technological innovations can affect employment in two
main ways: displacement effect and by productivity effect.
5. Objectives of
research
1.What jobs are at risk of being
replaced?
2.How artificial intelligence is
replacing human work ?
3.How will lives of people be
impacted by the changes made by AI
and revolution 4.0?
4.Which industries will be most
impacted ?
5.How can we be ready for the future ?
6.Can robots and AI work hand in
hand with humans ?
6. Research Methodology
Sources of Data: The research comprises both primary and secondary data. The journal articles,
reports based on industrial revolution 4.0, artificial intelligence and how companies are using more of this
technology to replace human jobs, etc will be studied for completing the research.
Sampling : A preliminary survey was conducted by questionnaires with working professionals,
businessmen and students who are going to enter the work force soon and who are at the most risk of losing
their job to their mechanical counterparts.
The survey consisted of specific multiple-choice questions and was designed to use in an online, user-
friendly environment. T
he target group was people more than 18 years, i.e. people who are working or will join the work force soon
and maximum upto age of 40.
Statistical tool : Various pies charts, graphs and other representation methods have been used to
represent data. Statistical tool of mean, median and mode have been used to study the data.
7. Results of Research
Data Analysis and Interpretation
This study, using data obtained from an original survey on Indian
individuals, analyzes the possible impacts of the development and
diffusion of AI and robotics on employment. The major findings
can be summarized as follows. The total no. of responses of survey
was 100 individuals.
The questions and their respective responses are in the following
slides:
8. Working/Student/ Businessmen - a mix of
working professionals, students and
businessmen/ businesswomen were asked to
fill the questionnaire to know their response
and awareness regarding AI and its imapct on
employment. The age group that was targeted
for the study were in between 18 to 40 years
(as this age group involves the future
employees and the existing employees). The
below pie shart shows the data.
9. This question was asked to know that how
aware the individuals were about AI. The
below pie chart shows the data and about
91% people were aware of what AI is whereas
9% people were unaware.
10. This question was asked to know how aware
they were about the impact that AI had on the
job market. It aimed to know their awareness
about the present job market and what impact
will AI have on it. As seen in the below bar
graph on a scale of 1 to 5 , 1 being not aware
at all and 5 being very aware the following are
the results, 2% were not aware at all, 6% were
not aware, 27% were neutral , 43% were
aware and 22% were very aware.
11. This question had very different views because
people from different sectors/ area of studies had
filled the form and their respective sector had been
impacted differently. This question was asked to get
a basic understanding of how people view AI as a
threat or opportunity and to know if AI is viewed as a
more of a threat or opportunity. As it can be seen
from the below pie chart that 6% people view AI as
a strong threat, 14% view it as threat, 35% view it
as neither a threat or opportunity, 34% view it as an
opportunity and 11% as a strong opportunity.
12. This question was asked to know the impact
AI had on the professional lives of people and
how was their experience with AI. As seen in
the pie chart below, 6% were not impacted at
all, 19% were not that much impacted, 22%
were neutral, 27% were impacted little bit and
26% were impacted alot.
13. This question was asked to know how people
thought that AI would change their industry in the
next three years. The response from the below pie
chart shows the following result - very few people
voted that their industry will not be impacted at all,
9% people feel that their industry will not be
impacted that much, 15% people voted for neutral,
31% feel that their industry will be impacted a little
bit and 44% feel that their industry will be impacted
alot.
14. This question was asked to know that
according to respondents which type of jobs
were at more risk of being snatched by AI.
The below graph shows the result where 19%
people voted that white collar jobs will be
impacted, 69% voted that blue collar jobs will
be impacted, 45% voted that small business
owners will be impacted and 8% voted that
none of the jobs will be impacted.
15. This question was asked to judge the
readiness of the respondents and what all
work they would be okay with AI doing. The
below mentioned graph shows that 35% are
okay with AI driving, 47% with customer
service, 59% with home security, 44% with
financial services, 15% with surgery, 27% with
construction, 57% with automated systems
and 25% with other.
16. This question was asked to know if the
respondents thought that AI and humans
could work simultaneously in a work
environmrnt. The below pie chart shows the
results where 38% voted that they could work
hand in hand, 7% voted that they could not,
15% voted possibly not and 40% voted that
they could.
17. According to you over the next ten years, will AI and
automation:
This question was asked to know the future impact
of AI on jobs. The below mwntioned pie chart shows
the result, 40% respondents voted that AI will cause
massive unemployment in the next ten years, 26%
voted that it will somewhat disruptive to
employment, 22% voted that will not noticibly impact
overall employment and 12% voted that AI will
create more jobs than it destroys.
18. This question was asked to understand how
secure or unsecure people feel about AI
taking their jobs. The below mentioned pie
chart shows that 30% people voted that their
job will be replaced by automation dusring
their career, 45% voted that their job will not
be replaced by automation before their
retirement and 25% voted that their job can
never be automated.
19. This question was asked to know how AI will
impact the enterprises. The below graph
shows that 66% people voted that it will
change everyone’s business, 25% voted that
it will change their business, 19% voted that it
is overhyped in media and 39% voted that it is
a bigger deal than most people think.
20. When asked if the respondents whould accept AI as part of society 47% voted for yes and 39
% voted for possibly which shows that people are ready to change and adapt AI.
Also 38% people think that definately humans and AI/ robots can work hand in hand
whereas 40% respondents think that it is possible
.
When asked about impact on jobs in next ten years 40% voted that it would cause
massive unemployment and only 12% said that it will create more jobs than it destroys. Though it
can be seen in the analysis that people are secure regarding their jobs when asked, 30% people
voted that their job will be replaced by automation during their career, 45% voted that their job
will not be replaced by automation before their retirement and 25% voted that their job can never
be automated.
Finding and Conclusion
21. When asked about how AI will impact the enterprises, 66% people voted that it will
change everyone’s business, 25% voted that it will change their business, 19% voted that it is
overhyped in media and 39% voted that it is a bigger deal than most people think. It can be
analysed that people expect businesses to change due to AI in the near future.
Therefore it can be concluded from the reserach that the young generation (age in
20s and 30s), non-regular employees, and those working in the clerical and manufacturing
process occupations tend to perceive higher subjective risk. In contrast, those who graduated
with higher education, particularly in science and engineering, tend to show lower subjective
risk of losing their jobs. At the same time, occupation-specific skills acquired by attending
professional schools or holding occupational license are perceived to be less likely to be replaced
by AI and robotics.
