2. What are civil rights?
Those rights belonging to an individual by virtue ofThose rights belonging to an individual by virtue of
citizenshipcitizenship
that are guaranteed and protected by thethat are guaranteed and protected by the
ConstitutionConstitution
Examples?Examples?
3. •The separation of
racial groups in
terms of facilities,
services, medical
care, education
•Includes
discrimination
in hiring,
rental or sale
of
property, and bans
Racial Segregation
4. • Segregation enforced by law (Jim Crow
Laws)
• Ex: Segregation in schools,
transportation, etc.
De Jure Segregation
5. • State and local laws,
1876-1965, that mandated
segregation in
accommodations, facilities,
schools, etc.
• Treatment and
accommodations
for blacks usually inferior
• Segregation laws greatly
restricted the civil rights and
liberties of African Americans
– Examples: requiring poll taxes
and literacy tests to prevent
Blacks from voting
Jim Crow Laws
6. • Segregation “in fact” or practice without being
officially or legally established
• Ex: racial discrimination in hiring practices,
sports teams,
real estate
De Facto Segregation
9. Background:
•Homer Plessy, 7/8’s
Caucasian, took a seat in a
“whites only” railroad car
to challenge a Louisiana
segregation law
•Plessy refused to move and
was arrested
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Supreme Court Decision:
a) The Court upheld state-imposed
racial segregation laws
b) Established the “separate but
equal” doctrine
10. a)Legitimized the move
towards segregation
in the South
b)Significant disparities in educational
funding between white and black public
schools dramatically increased
c)Spurred an increase in Jim Crow laws by
state legislatures to further curtail
African American civil rights (ex:
voting disenfranchisement)
The Impact of
the Plessy
Decision
11. “Separate but Equal?”
1. What do you think the Supreme Court
meant by “separate but equal” in the
Plessy decision?
2. How does “separate but equal” relate
to public schools in the South from
1896 to 1954?
12. Brown v. Board of Education
The Landmark Decision and It’s
Aftermath
13. Background:
•Linda Brown denied
admission to an
all-white school
close to her home
in Topeka, Kansas
•Brown required to
attend an all-black
elementary school
across town
Brown v. Board of Education
14. Background continued:
•Brown joined a class action lawsuit
against the Board of Education in
Topeka Kansas
Class action suit - a lawsuit
in
which a large group of
people collectively brings a
case to court
•The NAACP represented the
plaintiffs in the case
Plaintiff - the party who
initiates a civil law suit
Brown v. Board of Education
The plaintiffs in Brown v. Board
17. a)Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and the
“separate but equal doctrine” based on
the 14th Amendment
b)Declared that state laws establishing
separate public schools for black and
white students denied black children
equal educational opportunities.
c)The Court ordered that the states end
school segregation with “all deliberate
speed.”
The Supreme
Court’s Brown
Decision
18. a)Signaled the end of de jure segregation
in the United States
b)Initiated the process of school
desegregation and racial integration in
K-12 public schools and universities
c)Sparked “massive resistance” by white
southerners determined to thwart the
Brown decision and avoid school
The Impact of
the Brown
Decision
20. "We consider the underlying fallacy
of the plaintiff's argument to
consist in the assumption that the
enforced separation of the two
races stamps the colored race with
a badge of inferiority. If this be
so, it is not by reason of anything
found in the act, but solely
because the colored race chooses to
put that construction upon it.”
~Justice Henry Brown
The Plessy v. Ferguson Decision
21. “ Does segregation of children in public
schools solely on the basis of race,
even though the physical facilities and
other "tangible" factors may be equal,
deprive the children of the minority
group of equal educational
opportunities? We believe that it
does...We conclude that in the field of
public education the doctrine of
'separate but equal' has no place.
Separate educational facilities are
inherently unequal.”
~ Chief Justice Earl Warren
The Brown v. Board Decision
25. Oh Freedom (Traditional)
Recorded by Odetta (1956), Joan Baez (1963)
Oh freedom, oh freedom, oh
freedom over me
And before I'd be a slave I'll
be buried in a my grave
And go home to my Lord and be
free
No more mourning, no more
mourning, no more mourning
over me
And before I'd be a slave I'll
be buried in a my grave
And go home to my Lord and be
free
Odetta
26. Oh Freedom
There'll be singin',
there'll be singin',
there'll be singin' over
me
And before I'd be a slave
I'll be buried in a my
grave
And go home to my Lord and
be free
Oh freedom, oh freedom, oh
freedom over me
And before I'd be a slave
I'll be buried in a my
grave
No more crying, no more
crying, no more crying over
me
And before I'd be a slave
I'll be buried in a my grave
And go home to my Lord and be
free
Oh freedom, oh freedom, oh
freedom over me
And before I'd be a slave
I'll be buried in a my grave
And go home to my Lord and be
free
27. We Shall Overcome
By Charles Tindley
We shall overcome,
we shall overcome,
We shall overcome
someday;
Oh, deep in my
heart, I do believe,
We shall overcome
someday.
The Lord will see us through, The
Lord will see us through,
The Lord will see us through
someday;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
We shall overcome someday.
We're on to victory, We're on to
victory,
We're on to victory someday;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
We're on to victory someday.
28. We Shall Overcome
The truth shall set us
free , the truth shall set
us free,
The truth shall set us
free someday;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
The truth shall set us
free someday.
We shall live in peace, we
shall live in peace,
We shall live in peace
someday;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
We shall live in peace
We'll walk hand in hand,
we'll walk hand in hand,
We'll walk hand in hand
someday;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
We'll walk hand in hand
someday.
We are not afraid, we are not
afraid,
We are not afraid today;
Oh, deep in my heart, I do
believe,
We are not afraid today.
29. Blowin’ in the Wind
By Bob Dylan (1963)
How many roads must a man walk down
Before you call him a man?
Yes, 'n' how many seas must a white
dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand?
Yes, 'n' how many times must the
cannon balls fly
Before they're forever banned?
(Chorus)
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in
the wind,
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
30. Blowin’ in the Wind
How many times must a man look
up
Before he can see the sky?
Yes, 'n' how many ears must one
man have
Before he can hear people cry?
Yes, 'n' how many deaths will it
take till he knows
That too many people have died?
The answer, my friend, is
blowin' in the wind,
The answer is blowin' in the
wind.
How many years can a mountain
exist
Before it's washed to the sea?
Yes, 'n' how many years can
some people exist
Before they're allowed to be
free?
Yes, 'n' how many times can a
man turn his head,
Pretending he just doesn't see?
(Chorus)
31. Change is
Gonna Come
I was born by the river in a
little tent
Oh and just like the river
I been a runnin' ever since
It's been a long, a long time
coming
but I know
A change gon'
come oh yes it will
It's been too hard living
but I'm afraid to die
Cuz I don't know what's up
there
beyond the sky
It's been a long,
a long time coming
but I knowBy Sam Cooke (1964)
32. Change is Gonna Come
But he winds up
knocking me
Back down on my knees
There been times that
I thought
I wouldn't last for
long
Now think I'm able to
carry on
It's been a long,
along time coming
but I know
A change gon' come,
oh yes it will
I go to the movie,
and I go downtown
Somebody keep tellin me
"don't hang around"
It's been a long, a long
time coming,
but i know
A change gon' come oh yes it
will
Then I go to my brother
And I say "brother, help me
please"
