4. In the present day scenario we are facing many threats by
bomb blasts
We have existing methods like human survillance for
bomb detection
so our project aim is to prepare a unmanned vehicle which
detects metal as bombs are usually made of metal.
5. The Aim of the project is to prepare a unmanned
vehicle which will detect the bomb.
It will not only detect the bomb but also position of bomb
by using gps module and the position of bomb will
intimated to the system through gsm module .
7. 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.
8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash
memory.
128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.
In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip
boot loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and
programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms.
Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging
with the on-chip Real Monitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction
execution.
USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.
In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to
USB by DMA.
8. Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare
channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.
Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock
input.
Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400
kbit/s),Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector
addresses.
Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package,
Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.
60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with
settling time of 100 μs.
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal 1 MHz to 25 MHz
Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.
9.
10. 32/16-bit RISC architecture (ARM v4T)
It is a family of general purpose 32 bit microprocessor
Two Instruction Sets:
32-bit ARM instruction set for maximum performance and flexibility
16-bit Thumb instruction set for increased code density
Unified bus interface, 32-bit data bus carries both instructions and data
Von Neumann Load/Store Architecture
Three-stage pipeline– Fetch, Decode and Execute Stage
32-bit ALU
Very small die size and low power consumption
Extensive debug facilities (EmbeddedICE debug unit accessible via JTAG
interface unit)
11. Extensive Range of Third-party Application Development Tools
High performance with low power cnsumption
8-, 16-, and 32-bit Data Types
Arm7TDMI has total of 37 registers
31 general purpose 32 bit registers
6 status registers
Arm 7TDMI has four memory cycles
Idle,
sequentional,
non sequentional,
coprocessor register transfer cycle
Arm7 has 7 modes of operation:
FIQ,IRQ,supervisor,abort,system,undefined,user
12. ARM7TDMI program staus register:
The bottom eight bits of a PSR are known collectively as the control bits. They are
the:
•interrupt disable bits .N,Z,C,V are condition code flags
•T bit
•mode bits.
The control bits change when an exception occurs. When the processor is
operating in a privileged mode, software can manipulate these bits.
Interrupt disable bits
The I and F bits are the interrupt disable bits:
•when the I bit is set, IRQ interrupts are disabled
•when the F bit is set, FIQ interrupts are disabled.
T bit
The T bit reflects the operating state:
•when the T bit is set, the processor is executing in Thumb state
•when the T bit is clear, the processor executing in ARM state.
13. Zig Bee Technology:
Features:
Works under the IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee standard with 2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz
dual PHY modes.
Standards-based wireless technology
Interoperability and worldwide usability
needed for only two major modes (Tx/Rx or Sleep),
Low data-rates ,low cost,
Ultra low power consumption
Channel access using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
(CSMA - CA)
Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices, 65,535 networks
14. Fully reliable “hand-shaked” data transfer protocol
Different topologies as illustrated below: star, peer-to-peer, mesh
Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency bands are fixed as 250 kbps
@2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and 20 kbps @868 MHz
50m typical range
Bandwidth is low compare to bluetooth and wifi
The Transceiver operates in five modes .They are
1. Idle Mode2. Receive mode 3. Transmit Mode 4. Sleep Mode 5. Command Mode
Simple design
Security
Reliability
15. Pin Diagram Of Zigbee:
Parameters
Operating frequency : 2.4GHz
Operating voltage : 3.3V
Transmitted power : 1mw
Range :
30m(urban area), 200m (LOS)
Data rate : 250Kbps
Operating temperature range : -40oC to
+80oC
Receiver sensitivity : -104dbm
Frequency range : 2.4 –
2.4875 GHz.
16. Power supply
Max 232
Lc293 motor driver IC
Inductive proximity sensor
PIR sensor
17. Power supply :
Power supply unit from where we get power supply to our unit and also we
convert ac to required dc voltage as per requirements.Incase if we don’t use ac power
supply we use 12v battery as input.
18. The max 232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-
232 serial port to signal suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuit.
19. L293d motordriver IC:
The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for
simultaneous, bi-directional control dc motors.
L293D a dual H‐Bridge motordriver,
DC motors which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter
clockwise direction
. You can make use of all the four I/Os to connect up to four DC
motors.L293D has output current of 600mA and peak output current of
1.2A per channel.
Moreover for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are
included
20. Inductive proximity sensor:
An inductive proximity sensor is a type of non-contact that is used to detect the
positioelectronic proximity sensor n of metal objects.
Inductive proximity sensors enable the detection, without contact, of metal objects
at distances of up to 60 mm.
High operating rates.
Fast response.
Excellent resistance to industrial environments
Solid state technology : no moving parts, therefore service life of sensor
independent of the number of operating cycles.
21. Working Of Sensor:
Inductive proximity sensors are solely for the detection of metal objects.
They basically comprise an oscillator whose windings constitute the sensing face.
An alternating magnetic field is generated in front of these windings.
When a metal object is placed within the magnetic field
generated by the sensor, the resulting currents induced form an
additional load and the oscillation causes
22. Passive infrared sensor(PIR):
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.
PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor .
PIR sensor can detect levels of infrared radiation.
27. It is most advanced technology
It is of low cost
By using this technology we can detect the bomb as
early as possible and dismannual it easily so that we
can easily save the life of the human beings.
we can use better sensors and high end modules to
detect metals more precisely.
