1. Lithosphere - The earth’s outer layer
consisting of the soil and rocks is
the lithosphere.

2. • Plant grow and decay on soil covering the rock
• Soil is the major component of the lithosphere
• The major components of soil are
air, water, minerals and inorganic matter.
• The yield of crop depends solely on soil and
crop management strategies.

3. There are two types of lithosphere:
• Oceanic lithosphere, which is associated
with Oceanic crust and exists in the ocean
basins
• Continental lithosphere, which is associated
with Continental crust

4.  The lithosphere is about 100 km thick(64 to
96), although its thickness is age dependent
(older lithosphere is thicker).
The upper most part of the lithosphere(crust)
is rich in silica(si) and aluminium (Al) and is
known as SiAl layer
The continents belongs to the SiAl layer and
are made up off granite rock

5. • The zone next to the SiAl is rich in silica(Si) and
magneium(Mg) this layer is formed of basalt
rock and constitute the ocean floors.
• The basalt rocks are heavier than the rocks
formed by SiAl layer
• Below the SiMg layer the density of the layers
increases with depth
• Such difference in density constitute the layers
to float one over the other

7. • In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust
and the uppermost mantle, which constitute
the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
• All terrestrial planets have lithospheres. The
lithospheres of Mercury, Venus, and Mars are
much thicker and more rigid than Earth's.

8. • The lithosphere is always moving, but very slowly.
• It is broken into huge sections called tectonic
plates.
• The extreme heat from the mantle part of the
lithosphere makes it easier for the plates to
move.
• The movement of the lithosphere, called plate
tectonics, is the reason behind a lot of Earth's
most dramatic geologic events.
• When one plate moves beneath another, or when
two plates rub together, they can
create earthquakes and volcanoes.

9. • Below the lithosphere lies the mantle (thickness
2400 km)
• The upper most part of the mantle is known as
the Asthenosphere, lower mantle is called
Mesosphere
• The inner part of the earth is called the
core, which consists of minerals such as
iron, nickel, cobalt mixed with sulphur and silica.
• The core consists of outer core and inner core
• The inner core appears to be solid while the outer
core is molten and metallic (temperature 5000
and 5500)