Garments washing

Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir
ID: 2010000400008
13th
Batch (session 2009-2013)
Department : Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)
Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
Prepared By :
©right

Total Textile Process at a Glance

4
With the change of time, human choice, demand, garment design and fashion is
changing very quickly. To meet the demand of users, garment manufacturers are
adapting new technology and processes. Garment wash is a new technology, which is
used to modify the outlook, appearance, comfort ability and fashion of the garments is
called garments washing. Garment washing is normally processed after stitching. As
per fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing though it
increases the cost of the garment. For the washing they mention exactly what types of
washing they need for the order. For example, Tom Tailor buyer asked for washes like –
Vintage wash, Cloud wash, softener wash or Acid wash. Each wash has different types
of appearance on the fabric surfaces. Wash types mainly depends on the product
types. For denim product heavy enzyme is required where for knitted Tee light softener
wash may be okay.
Introduction

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In line with ever changing human behaviors and longing to be unique in outlook,
mankind dress themselves in fashionable as well as comfortable garments. To be
or get unique in outlook garment washing is very convenient way. This is a wing of
garment wet processing technology.
This is the textile technology by which a unique appearance along the seam, size,
comfort ability & fashion etc. properties are changed of a solid or multi colored or
printed garment.
Fabric of the garment may be dyed with reactive dye, direct dye, sulpher dye, acid
dye, basic dye, pigment and even metal complex dye and printed with pigment,
direct dye, reactive dye etc.
Garment Washing

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1. Wet process/Chemical process
 Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash
 Pigment wash
 Caustic wash
 Enzyme wash
 Stone wash
 Stone enzyme wash
 Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip Dyeing)
 Super white wash
 Bleach wash
 Acid wash
 Silicon wash
 Soft wash
2. Dry process/Mechanical process
 Sand blasting
 Hands scraping
 Over all wrinkles
 Permanent wrinkle
 Broken and tagging
 Grinding and destroy
 PP spray and PP sponging etc.
Types of Garment Washing:

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These are the main objects for garments washing
1.To develop softness in garment: Size materials in fabric are removed by
washing & there is also advantage to add softener. Drape ability also increased.
2.To introduce unique appearance: washing that introduces fading effects
along with the seam on the garments by washing out dyes or pigments in the
garments.
3.To create new fashion: Washing process of garments bring different out looks
(faded, color tinted, old look etc.) of garment that is used for creating new
fashion.
4.Special type of finishes are also possible such as wrinkle, wrinkle free, flame
retardant, water proof breathable, soil retardant finish etc.
5.To satisfy the customer: As shrinkage occurs so customer can wear it just
after purchasing/buying.
Objects of Garments Washing

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Garments from store house
↓
Count
↓
Quality check
↓
Batch
↓
Washing
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Drying
↓
Quality check
↓
Packing
↓
Delivery
Flow Chart of Washing:

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Common procedure of garments washing:
1. Garments can be inverted to minimize unwanted abrasion streaks (especially useful
when preset creases are present).
2. Load machine with garments.
3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent.
4. Drain.
5. Rinse.
6. Fill machine with water and heat to 60 C. The liquor ratio can range from 10:1 to 20:1.◦
A number of synthetic detergents can be used. Also, alkaline products such as soda ash
or caustic soda can be added in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 grams/liter. Some
chemical suppliers offer special products that accelerate the wash down process,
dependent upon the particular dyestuff used.
7. Wash/tumble action for 20-60 minutes, depending upon desired effect.
8. Drain and rinse.
9. Apply softener.
10. Tumble dry.
11. Invert garments, if previously turned.
12. Press, if required.

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1. Starch or size materials, which are applied during fabric production especially
in case of woven fabric are removed by wash as a result the garment become soft
and hence the drape ability and comfort ability increased significantly.
2. Softness could be increased by addition of softeners by doing soft finish or
applying the softener.
3. Dirt’s, impurities, germs etc. obviously will be added in the garment during its
manufacturing are removed due to washing because a variety of chemicals are
used such as detergent, bleaching agents etc.
4. Due to washing, maximum shrinkage occurs; hence there is the zero
possibility of further shrinkage. As a result there is no size or fitting problem in
washed garments.
Advantages of Garments Washing

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1. Faded effect and a variety of stylish effects produced by different washing
techniques. Nowadays these faded and stylish effects are accepted as a new
fashion for fashion world.
2. Similar out look and effect could be produced by different washing techniques or
by different process. As a result there is a great scope of implementation of
brilliances of technicians. Every machine of a garment washing factory can be
used for multipurpose for this reason total project cost is comparatively lower
where as washing add a handsome value to the garments.
Advantages of Garments Washing

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Garments Size Change:
This change takes place due to shrinkage properties of the fabric. The amount of
shrinkage properties of fabric determines the amount of size changing of the
garments.
Size materials and finishing's partly removed:
Different types of washing are done with different types of chemicals and process,
which are responsible for the removal of size materials and finishing's from the
fabric.
Color is partly removed:
Unfixed dyes may remain on the garment after dyeing. This un-fixed dye will be
subsequently removed due to washing. Thus color is partly removed.
Unavailable Changes/Limitation of Garments washing

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There Are Different Types of Garments washing in our country
• Normal wash/Garment wash/Rinse wash /Soft wash,
• Pigment wash,
• Silicon wash,
• Bleach wash,
• Caustic wash,
• Acid wash,
• Enzyme wash,
• Stone wash,
• Enzyme wash with stone,
• Supper white wash,
• Wash & over dyeing,
• Wash & Tinting,
• Over all wrinkles,
• Permanent wrinkle/Resin Finish.
• etc.
Types of Garment washing

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Some Washing Chemical List
1. Desizing Agent : DesizingHts, D-Peast
2. Anti Back Stain Agent : Antistain – Lp-30
3. Fastness Improvers For Dyeing : Albafix®
4. Levelling Agents For Dyeing : Albatex®
5. Fastness Improvers For Dyeing : Albafix®
6. Enzyme : G Enzyme S89, G Enzyme – Sl,
InnozymeNpe S89
7. Salt : G/Salt.
8. Alkali : Naso4
9. Ph Control : Using Buffer & Acid
10. Bleaching Agent : Sodium Hypochlorite Naocl; 15% Cl2 Available
11. Calcium Hypochlorite.
12. Neutralizing Agent : Hydro Peroxide, Bisulphate OrThiosulphate.
13. Softener : Innosoft 1070

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• Enzyme
• Detergent
• Acetic Acid
• Antistatic
• Bleaching powder
• Sodium hyposulfite
• Caustic Soda
• Soda Ash
• Sodium Bicarbonate
• Potassium permanganate
• Cationic / nonionic Flax softener
Washing Chemicals:
• Micro Emulsion Silicon
• Salt (sodium chloride)
• Buffer
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Stabilizer
• Fixing agent
• Catanizer
• Optical Brightener
• Resin
• Sodium Metabisulphite
• Desizing agent

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BASIC MACHINERIES OF A WASHING PLANT
• Garments washing m/c for sample,
• Garments washing m/c for bulk,
• Hydro extractor,
• Tumble Dryer: i) Gas dryer, ii) Steam dryer.
• Boiler
• Compressor
MACHINES USED IN WASHING PLANT

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19

20

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Different kinds of washing & Garments dyeing price list
Please see below the our price list (Wash Type)
• Normal Garments wash per dozon = 0.6$
• Trumble/Normal fabric wash per kg = 10 taka
• Stone wash per dozon = 1.5$
• Stone Enzyme wash per dozon = 2.0$
• Acid wash per dozon = 5.0$
• Sand wash per dozon = 4.0$
• Enzyme wash per dozon = 1.0$

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• Garments made from indigo, vat, reactive, direct etc dyed fabric can be bleach
washed.
• It is a decolorization process by oxidation action.
• Color can be removed uniformly from the garment and removal of color done as
per requirement. In general there are three categories such as light bleach
(where maximum color is removed), medium bleach and bleach.
• All types of garment can be washed. Such as: woven knit garments.
• In case of woven fabric a pretreatment (Desizing) process is required.
• Dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities etc. are removed that may come from during
process i.e. cutting, stitching and the back process.
• Significant fading effect can be achieved. But we can achieve more wash effect by
increasing processing time and decreasing the liquor ratio.
• To improve the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
• To increase the hairiness on garments this increases its old-look appearance.
• Maximum weight losses occur in case of light bleach.
Bleach Wash

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Process :
This washing process follows the following steps.
• Step 01 or Desizing
• Step 02 or Bleaching
• Step 03 (Neutralization of Chlorine)
• Step 04 or Neutralization
• Step 05 or Softening
• Step 06 or Drying
Bleach Wash

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Suppose a lot size 100kg of twill trouser.
Step 01 or Desizing:
1. Load the garment in washing m/c 100kg garment
2. Add water at 1:5 liquor ratio 500lt
3. Start m/c running Speed 15/12 rpm
4. Add amylase enzyme 1-3% 1-3kg
5. Add detergent/antistain to the liquor;1% i.e. 1kg
6. Supply steam to raise temp. 60 c
7. Continue the process 20 min
8. Drop the liquor
9. Hot wash with water temp 40-50c for 5 min.
Step 02 or bleaching:
1. Add water in 1:5 liquor ratio 500lt
2. Start m/c running Speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add soda to liquor 2% i.e. 2kg
4. Add caustic to liquor 2% i.e. 2kg
5. Add bleaching powder (K.C.I.) 10 gm/lt i.e. 5 gm
6. Rinse thoroughly.
Bleach Wash

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Step 03 (Neutralization of Chlorine):
• Add water with 1:5 liquor ratio =500Lt
• Start m/c running with moderate speed =12-15 rpm
• Add 35% of H2O2 0.5-1.0% = 500gm-1kg
Or Add bisulphate 1-2% =1kg-2kg
• Continue the process at Room temp. =5 min
• Drop the liquor & a hot wash at 40-60 c =5 min
• Add water in 1: 5 Liquor ratio = 500 Lt
• Start machine running = speed 12-15 rpm
• Add sodium hyposulphite 3 gm/ltr = 1500gm.
• Supply steam to raise temp As required (40c)
• Continue the process 10-20 min
• Drop the liquor,
• Rinse thoroughly.
Bleach Wash

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Step 04 or Neutralization:
1. Add water in 1: 5 Liquor ratio = 500 Lt
2. Start machine running = speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add acetic acid to the liquor 1-2ml/lt = 0.5-1Lt
4. Continue the process = 5 min
5. Drop the liquor
Step 05 or Softening:
1. Add water in 1:5 liquor ratio = 500 Lt
2. Start m/c running speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add softener to the liquor 0.1 - 0.5% = 100- 500gm
4. Supply steam to raise the temp. = As required 40 to 60 c
6. Drop the liquor & unload the garments
Step 06 or Drying:
1. Hydroextract the garments.
2. Dry in the tumble dryer.
Incase of knit garments desizing step is not required but a wash for 5 minutes at
room temperature is necessary.
Bleach Wash

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 Stone wash is done on garments made from denim & jeans fabric. Sometimes twill
fabric garments are also subjected for stone wash.
 Fading effect is produced in the garments in irregular pattern. Fading effect is
more pronounced across the seam line and the multiple ply position.
 Stone wash mainly followed by a decolouration process.
 Garments become comfortable during use.
Stone Wash

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Process :
This washing process follows the following steps:
• Step 01 or Desizing
• Step 02 or Stone Wash followed by Bleach wash
• Step 03 (Neutralization of Chlorine)
• Step 04 or Neutralization
• Step 05 or Softening
• Step 06 or Drying
Stone Wash

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Process: It follows the bellow mentioned steps.
Suppose 100kg of garments in a lot size.
Step 01 or Desizing
5. Add detergent/antistain to the liquor; 1% i.e. 1kg
8. Drop the liquor
Step 02 (Stone Wash):
1. Load the m/c with water at 1:5 liquor ratio = 500Lt water
2. Add pumic stone ½ of volume of garments volume or as required
= 30kg to 50 kg
3. Start m/c running with moderate speed =12-15 rpm
4. Add bleaching powder to the liquor 2-4% =2-4kg
5. Add soda ash to the liquor 6-8% = 6-8 kg
6. Continue the process =20-40 min
7. Drop the liquor & a hot wash at 40 to 50c = 5min
Stone Wash

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Step 03 (Neutralization of Chlorine):
1. Add water with 1:5 liquor ratio = 500 Lt
2. Start m/c running with moderate speed = 12-15 rpm
3. Add 35% of H2O2 0.5-1.0% = 500gm-1k
Or Add bisulphate 1-2% =1kg-2kg
4. Continue the process at Room temp. = 5 min
5. Drop the liquor & a hot wash at 40-60 c = 5 min
Note: H2O2 Neutralization gives brighter tone then the bisulphate.
Step 04: (Neutralization)
1. Add water with 1:5 liquor ratio = 500 Lt
2. Start m/c running with moderate speed = 12-15 rpm
3. Add acetic acid 1-2% = 1Lt-2Lt
4. Continue the process at Room temp to 60c. = 5-8 min
5. Drop the liquor
Stone Wash

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1. Add water in 1:5 liquor ratio 500 Lt
3. Add softener to the liquor 0.1 - 0.5% 100- 500gm
4. Supply steam to raise the temp As required 40 to 60 c
Step 06:
Note: Stone wash sometimes done without bleaching; actually it depends upon
the requirement
Stone Wash

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• Garments made from heavy jeans & denim fabrics course canvas, sweater & thick
twill etc. are washed by acid wash technique.
• Irregular pattern fading effect is produced in the garments. But the effects more
pronounce than stone wash.
• This is very dirty process due to widely use of pumic stone.
Acid Wash

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Process:
It follows the following steps.
Load the garment in washing m/c 100kg garment
7. Drop the liquor
Step 02:
1. Unload the garments from m/c
2. Hydro extract the garments
3. Dry it partially by running tumble dryer for 5 to 10 mins.
4. Unload the garments & keep in open air for conditioning (1/2 an hour)
Stone Wash

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Step 03:
1. Take stone of same volume of the volume of garments.
2. Soak the stone with the following chemical solution for 2-3 min
Water 100 Lt
Potassium permanganate 1kg (1gm/Lt)
Phosphoric Acid 200-300gm (0.2-0.3gm/lt)
Here the porous of stone will, pick up the solution
3. Soaked stones are dried in the open air for 60-90 min
Step 04:
1. Load the garments treated in step 01 & step 02 in a dry m/c. lot size should
be 20 to 30kg.
2. Load treated stone in step 03 volume of the garments volume.
3. Run the m/c for 5 to 7 min. Due to rotation of inner cylinder the soaked stones
will hit the garments surfaces, thus the chemicals in the stone will destroy the
color of fabric where the stone will hit. Multi layer fabric area like collar, cuff,
and pocket, pocket side seam etc area will brushed more than the single layer
areas, hence more fading effect will be produce in those areas result new color
effect in the garments.
4. Unload the garments & separate the stone from the batch.
Stone Wash

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Step 05:
It is a neutralizing process. KMnO4 & H3PO4 reacts & gives Oxygen, which
oxidized the color. Hence a by-product MnO2 is also produced which should
be neutralized.
6KMnO + 4H3PO4 =2K3PO4+ Mn3(PO4)2+ 6H2O+ 3MnO2+2O2
This MnO2 is solubilized by sodium Metabisulfite (Na2S2O5)
Na2S2O5 + H2O = 2NaHSO3
NaHSO3+MnO2=MnSO4+NaOH
1. Load the garments to the m/c
2. Add water with 1: 5 liquor ratio 500Lt
3. Run m/c with moderate speed 12-15 rpm
4. Add Sodium meta-bisulfite 1-2 g/Lt 500gm-1kg
5. Continue the process 5-10 min
6. Drain the liquor
7. Hot wash 40-50c 5 min
Stone Wash

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Step 06 or Neutralization:
1. Add water in 1: 5 Liquor ratio 500 Lt
2. Start machine running speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add acetic acid to the liquor 1-2ml/lt 0.5-1Lt
5. Drop the liquor
Step 08:
Stone Wash

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• Enzyme wash is done on garments made from denim & jeans fabric, twill fabric
garments. Sometimes knit items are also subjected for Enzyme wash
• Garments made from indigo, vat, direct etc dyed fabric can be enzyme washed.
Reactive dyed garments can be washed also but wash effect not pronounced as
mentioned earlier.
• It produces frosty/ice effect on garment and seam abrasion across the seam.
• Enzyme works chemically not mechanically for this reason it provide less
damage/wastage then stone wash.
• It improves improve the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
• Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties and decrease the hairiness hence it
gives a very smooth surface of the garments.
Enzyme wash

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Process:
It follows the bellow mentioned steps.
Step 01 or Desizing
8. Drop the liquor
Enzyme wash

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Step 02 Enzyme
3. Supply steam to raise temp. As required 55-60 C
4. Add acetic acid 1-3% 1-3kg
5. Add anti back staining 1% i.e. 1kg
6. Add Acid Enzyme As required 1-3% i.e. 100-300gm
7. Continue the process depending up on the effect 30-50 min
8. Drop the liquor
9. Hot wash with water temp 80-90c run 1-2 min. (for killing the enzyme).
10. Drain the bath
11. Rinse thoroughly
Enzyme wash

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2. Start m/c running = speed 12-15 rpm
4. Supply steam to raise the temp = As required 40 to 60 c
Step 04:
Note: Enzyme wash usually followed by bleaching; and it depends upon the
requirements of lightening the garments.
Enzyme wash

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• Enzyme wash with stone is done on garments made from denim & jeans fabric,
twill fabric garments. Sometimes knit items are also subjected for Enzyme wash
with stone
• Garments made from indigo, vat, direct etc dyed fabric can be Enzyme washed
with stone. Reactive dyed garments can be washed also but wash effect not
pronounced as mentioned earlier.
• It produces more frosty/ice effect on garment and seam abrasion across the seam
than the enzyme wash.
• Enzyme works chemically and stone works mechanically for this reason it provide
effect more quickly then enzyme wash.
• It improves improve the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
• Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties and decrease the hairiness where as
stone mechanically increase hairiness. On the other hand this process shortens
the time. For this reason enzyme and stone amount should be used very carefully.
Enzyme wash with stone

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Process:
It follows the bellow mentioned steps.
Step 01 or Desizing
8. Drop the liquor

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Step 02 Enzyme with stone
3. Supply steam to raise temp. As required 55-60 C
4. Add acetic acid 1-3% 1-3kg
5. Add anti back staining 1% i.e. 1kg
6. Add Acid Enzyme As required 1-3% i.e. 100-300gm
7. Add pumic stone ½ of volume of garments volume or as required
= 30kg to 50 kg
8. Continue the process depending up on the effect 30-50 min
9. Drop the liquor
10. Hot wash with water (for killing the enzyme) temp 80-90c run 1-2 min.
11. Drain the bath
12. Rinse thoroughly

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5. Continue the process 5-15 min
Step 04:
Note: Enzyme wash usually done with bleaching; and it depends upon the
requirements of lightening the garments.

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• Cotton garments made from grey fabric are used for super white wash.
• To obtain maximum whiteness effect on garments super white wash is performed.
Process:
This process follow the below steps.
Suppose a lot of 100 kg garments is produced.
Step 01 or Desizing
8. Drop the liquor
Super White Wash

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Step 02 :
1. Add water in 1:5 liquor ratio 500 Lt water
2. Start m/c running with moderate speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add detergent as 2% 2 kg
4. Caustic soda as 10% 10 kg
5. H2O2 as 12% 12 Lt
6. Stabilizer as 5% 5 Lt
7. Supply temp to raise temp 95 c
9. Drop the liquor.
Super White Wash

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Step 03 : (Refining Wash)
2. Start m/c with moderate speed 12-15 rpm
3. Add detergent as 2% 2 kg
4. Caustic soda as 4% 4 kg
5. H2O2 as 10% 10 Lt
6. Stabilizer as 4% 4 Lt
7. Raise temp by steam supply 95 C
9. Drop the liquor
10. Hot wash 50 C for 5 min.
Super White Wash

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Step 04: Neutral Wash
2.      Start m/c with moderate speed                  12-15 rpm
3.      Add A. acid as 1% 1 Lt
4.      Continue the process at R.T to 50 C 5 min
5.      Drop the liquor.
Step 05: Brightening Treatment
1.      Add water in 1:5 liquor ratio 500 Lt water
2.      Add FWA/FBA as required (considering 1%)1 kg
3.      Supply steam to raise the temp 80 C
5.      Drop the liquor.
Super White Wash

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Step 05: Softening
2.      Start m/c running                   = speed 12-15 rpm
4.      Supply steam to raise the temp                       = As required 40 to 60
c
5.      Continue the process = 5-15 min
Step 06:

Note: white garments should be soften with non-ionic softener and dried in the
steam dryer. Otherwise a reddish tone will appear.
Super White Wash

It is the easiest, shortest and cheapest process as a result it is most popular wash.
1. Size material is removed partially
2. Dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities etc. are removed that may come from during
3. With the addition of softener the softness of the garments can be improved
as well as drape ability
4. All types of garment can be washed. Such as: woven and knit garments.
5. No significant fading effect can be achieved. But increasing processing time
and decreasing the liquor ratio we can pronounce the wash effect.
Note: white garments should be soften with non-ionic softener and dried in the
steam dryer. Otherwise a reddish tone will appear.
Normal Wash

Process:
Suppose a lot size of 100kg garments:
1. Load the garment in washing m/c 100kg of garment
4. Add detergent to the liquor 0.3-1% i.e. 0.30-1.0kg
5. Supply steam to raise temp. 40 c to 60 c
6. If back staining is occur then use anti back staining chemicals to
minimize such kind of problem 1-2% i.e. 1.0-2.0kg
7. Run the process 5-20 min
8. Drop the liquor
9. Hot wash with minimum liquor 1:3 i.e. 300lt (its temp 40-60c)
11. Add softener to the liquor 0.1 to 0.5% i.e. 100gm to 500gm
12. If back staining & bleeding then use anti back staining & fixing chemical
Anti back 1-2% i.e. 1-2kg,
Fixing agent 0.5-1% i.e. 0.5-1kg
13. Supply steam to raise temp As required (40c to 60c)
14. Continue the process for 2-15 min
15. Drop the liquor
16. Unload the garment
17. Hydro extracts the garment.
18. Dry it in a tumble dryer.
Normal Wash

We have to follow the bellow sequences:
1. Trial a sample batch (If back-staining occur)
2. Wash another sample batch with antiback-staining chemicals. (If back-
staining occur)
3. Wash another sample batch without detergent (If back-staining occur)
4. Wash another sample batch without temperature (If back-staining occur)
5. Wash another sample batch without detergent & temperature and with
antiback-staining agent after fixing with fixing chemicals (If back-staining
occur).
6. Stop washing and inform customer.
How to solve Back-staining Problem During Normal Wash

It is also easiest, shortest and cheapest process as a result it is most popular wash like as
normal wash.
1. Pigment dyed/Pigment printed fabric used for making garment can be pigment
washed.
2. Size material is removed partially
3. Dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities etc. are removed that may come from during process
i.e. cutting, stitching and the back process.
4. With the addition of softener the softness of the garments can be improved as
well as drape ability. But as pigments harden the printed or dyed surface softener
need more in compare with normal wash.
5. All types of garment can be washed. Such as: woven knit garments.
6. Significant fading effect can be achieved. But we can achieve more wash effect by
Note: white garments should be soften with non-ionic softener and dried in the steam
dryer. Otherwise a reddish tone will appear.
Pigment Wash

Process:
Suppose a lot size of 100kg garments (woven)
4. Add amylase enzyme 1-3% i.e. 1-3kg
8. Drop the liquor
Silicon wash

Step 02
3. Add Silicon to the liquor 0.1 to 0.5% i.e. 100gm to 500gm
4. Add softener to the liquor 0.1 to 0.5% i.e. 100gm to 500gm
5. Supply steam to raise temp As required (40c to 60c)
6. Continue the process for 10-15 min
7. Drop the liquor
8. Unload the garment
Step 03
Incase of knit garments desizing step is not required but a wash for 5
minutes at room temperature is necessary.
Silicon wash

• Caustic wash generally doing on Reactive dye, Sulpher dye, Direct dyed or printed
Garments.
• If printed fabric is used for making garments then about 20-30% pigment is
washed out, as a result faded color effect is produced.
• Size material is removed partially but more then normal wash & pigment wash.
• Dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities etc. are removed that may come from during
• All types of garment can be washed. Such as: woven knit garments.
• Significant fading effect can be achieved. But we can achieve more wash effect by
• To improve the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
• To increase the hairiness on garments this increases its oldlook appearance.
Caustic wash

Process:
The washing procedure follows the bellow mentioned steps.
Supposed a lot size 100kg garments.
1. Load the garments in the washing m/c = 100kg garments.
2. Load the m/c with water at 1:5 liquor ratio= 500Lt water
3. Start m/c running with moderate speed =12-15 rpm
4. Add caustic soda to the liquor 4% =4kg
5. Add soda ash to the liquor 2% = 2 kg
6. Add detergent to the liquor 1% = 1 kg
7. Add H2O2 to the liquor 4% = 4 Lt
8. Add stabilizer to the liquor 2% = 2 Lt
9. Supply steam to raise the temp =70 c
10. Continue the process for achieving the desire shade = 60-90 min
11. Drop the liquor
12. Hot wash 50c to remove all unaccepted material for = 5 min
13. Drain the liquor
Caustic wash

14. Neutralization:
a. Add water in 1: 5 Liquor ratio = 500 Lt
b. Start machine running = speed 12-15 rpm
c. Add acetic acid to the liquor 1-2ml/lt =0.50- 1Lt
d. Continue the process =5 min
e. Drop the liquor
15. Add water at 1:5 liquor ratio = 500Lt
16. Run m/c running with moderate speed =12-15 rpm
17. Add softener as required 0.1 to 0.5% = 10-50gm
18. Continue the process at 40-50c = 5-10 min
19. Drop the liquor
20. Unload the garments.
21. Hydroextract & dry the garments with the tumble dryer.
Caustic wash

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Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Yarn-Manufacturing-Technology/485014954866808
2. Fabric Manufacturing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Fabric-Manufacturing-Technology/459520217425605
3. Garments Manufacturing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Garments-Manufacturing-
Technology/472364799463126
3. Wet processing Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Wet-Processing-Technology-Dyeing-/468645219825404
4. Fashion-Design-and-Technology
Link : http://www.facebook.com/pages/Fashion-Design-and-Technology/587655294583875?
ref=ts&fref=ts
My Facebook Textile related Pages
http://www.textilelab.blogspot.com (Visit My Blog for more Info )

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