Bio-energy derived from biomass

1. Bioenergy
Arch. Shereen Omar Khashaba
Cairo University Ph.D. -

2. •Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.
•Bioenergy is derived from biomass (include wood, wood waste, straw, manure, sugarcane, trees, grasses, sewage, garbage, and many other byproducts from a variety of agricultural processes.

3. Bioenergy cycle
•Bioenergy needs a continuous carbon cycle between the atmosphere and the earth.
•In this cycle, carbon dioxide is taken from atmosphere in plant processes i.e. photosynthesis, and converted into biomass. From this process additional co2 is produced and converted into energy.
Transportation
Organic waste
Co2
Power plant
Energy
Bio energy cycle. (Attman, O., 2010)

4. Fossil fuel
Biofuel (bioenergy)
Fossil fuels are produced by either decomposition of plant or animal matter over long period of time as high under certain conditionstemp. and pressure.
Ex. Coal, oil, and natural gas.
directly from Bio fuel is produced typically corn, plant mattersugarcane, transforming it into alcohol.
URL: https://urbantimes.co/2011/12/synthetic-biology-and-the-biofuel-revolution/

5. Bioenergy types
•Traditional: comes mostly from solid biomass sources. i.e. wood, and other biomass pellets.
•Advanced: requires converting biomass into liquid or gas form in order to produce electricity, i.e. biogas, liquid biofuel, ethanol, and biodiesel.
Gas bioenergy
Liquid bioenergy
Solid bioenergy
Derived from methane and carbon dioxide which are produced when bacteria break down biomass
Derived from plants and animal fats
Derived from solid renewable resources
Biomass used (animal, municipal, landfill waste, and energy crops)
2% of transportation fuel today but expected to replace existing fossil fuels.
Directly used in gasification and combustion technologies
Ex. Biogas, bio propane, syngas, synthetic natural gas
Bioethanol: made from sugar and starch
Biodiesel: made from plant oil and animal fats
Ex. Wood, sawdust, straw, husks, stalks, bagasse, construction waste …..

6. Primary energy conversion technologies
 Combustion - direct combustion of biomass is the most common way of converting biomass to energy - both heat and electricity. Compared to the gasification and pyrolysis it is the simplest and most developed.
 Gasification - gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree Celsius) thermo chemical conversion process but the process is used for production of gas, instead of heat.
 Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of oxygen. We use pyrolysis to produce a liquid fuel, bio-oil or pyrolysis oil. It is also called a biochemical process, as it uses microorganisms to produce bioenergy.

7. Generating energy from biomass

8. Biomass
High Heat Boiler
Steam Steam spins the turbine blades Rotating magnets create electricity

9. Efficiency of biomass
•The electrical efficiency rating of transforming biomass into electrical energy is around 30% for 10 to 20 MW capacity plants.
•In comparison, top-ranked plants producing 500 MW and more with combined cycle gas turbines can only attain an electrical efficiency rating of 57%.
•Regarding fossil fuels, the efficiency rating of the biggest coal-fired plants, with an output close to 1000 MW, does not exceed 45%.

10. Biomass energy facts
•Worldwide, biomass is the fourth largest energy resource after coal, oil, and natural gas - estimated at about 14% of global primary energy (and much higher in many developing countries).
•In the U.S., biomass today provides about 3-4% of primary energy
•Biomass is used for heating (such as wood stoves in homes and for process heat in bioprocessing industries), cooking (especially in many parts of the developing world), transportation (fuels such as ethanol) and, increasingly, for electric power production.
•Installed capacity of biomass power generation worldwide is about 35,000 MW, with about 7,000 MW in the United States derived from forest-product-industry and agricultural residues.

11. BIOMASS PLANTS IN THE WORLD

12. WORLD´S LARGEST BIOMASS POWER PLANT The world´s largest biomass power plant is located in Poland.

13. It´s located in Finland. It´s located in The Netherlands
It´s located in Sweden. It´s located in Italy.

14. Biomass Power Plants In India
Malavalli, Karnataka Samalkot Mill, Andhra Pradesh
Akaltara, Chhattisgarh Satyamaharshi, Andhra Pradesh
Thoothukkudi,
Tamil Nadu

15. •Advantages:
•Theoretically (renewable) inexhaustible fuel source.
•there is minimal environmental impact.
•Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass are efficient, viable, and relatively clean-burning.
•Available throughout the world.
•Disadvantages:
•Could contribute a great deal to global warming and particulate pollution if directly burned.
•Still an expensive source, both in terms of producing the biomass and converting it to alcohols.
•On a small scale there is most likely a net loss of energy; Energy must be put in to grow the plant mass.

17. Application in Architecture
•Hotchkiss Biomass Power Plant / Center brook Architects and Planners Architects and Centerbrook: ArchitectsPlanners
: Lakeville, Connecticut, LocationUnited States of America
: Jefferson B. Riley, Architect In ChargeFAIA
, RAParadis: Alan D. Project Manager
: Mark A. Herter. AIA, Erik Project TeamLübeck. Associate AIA, Peter Cornell. 2ft16500.0 : Area
2012: Year

18. •the locally sourced wood chips are the byproduct of sustainably managed forests; they replace some 150,000 gallons of imported fuel oil per year, cutting emissions overall, most dramatically sulfur dioxide by more than 90 percent.
•The building is slated for LEED certification for conservation features that include a renewable, laminated wood structural system; water-conserving plumbing fixtures; use of local materials with a high recycled content; an abundance of daylight inside; and highly efficient mechanical systems, lighting, and exterior skin..

19. Thank You