Rise & Fall of Indian Football: An Analysis of the Golden Era, Lost Decades & New Beginning

Master’s Thesis
The Rise & Fall of Indian Football

Shekhar Ibhrampurkar
MA II – 1019
Under the Mentorship of
Prof. Rajas Parchure
Prof. Anurag Asawa

Shekhar.Ibhrampurkar@Gmail.Com

Current Status
 FIFA Ranking
 Men
Current: 154
Highest: 94 (February 1996)
Lowest: 165 (March 2007)
 Women
Current: 53
Highest: 50 (March 2009)
Lowest: 100 (September 2009)


Methodology
 The Golden Era, 1950- 1964
 The Lost Decade’s, 1965- 1991
 A New Beginning, 1992- present


The Golden Era
 Olympics
 4th place- 1956
 Asian Games/ Asiad
 Gold- 1951, 1962
 Silver- 1954
 Bronze- 1970
 Asian Nations Cup/ AFC Asian Cup
 Runners up- 1964


The Golden Era contd.
 1950- 1964
 Win Ratio: 49-31-4-14 (63%)
 Key Players: Pradip Banerjee, Neville D’souza,
Late Salien Manna
 Important Results
 India- Australia: 7-1, 12/12/1956
 India- Australia: 4-2, 1/12/1956
 India- Hong Kong: 5-2, 30/5/1958


The Lost Decade’s
 1965- 1991
 Win Ratio: 151-48-30-73 (32%)
 Key Players: Shabbir Ali
 Results
 India- Burma: 0-6, 1/11/1969
 India- Burma: 1-9, 6/8/1971
 India- Chinese Taipei: 1-7, 7/9/1974
 India Thailand: 2-6, 11/8/1976
 1974-76: 7 match losing streak


The Lost Decade’s contd.
 Competitions
 1982 Asian Games (Hosts)
 1984 Asian Nations Cup/ AFC Asian Cup


A New Beginning
 1992- present
 Win ratio: 167:61:34:72 (37%)
 Key Players: Bhaichung Bhutia, I.M.Vijayan,
Sunil Chhetri, Jeje Lalpekhlua


A New Beginning contd.
 Competitions
 SAF Games/ South Asian Games
Gold- 1984, 1987
 Saarc Cup/ SAFF Cup
Winner- 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2009, 2011
Runners Up- 1995, 2008
Third Place- 2003
 Afro Asian Games
Silver- 2003
 LG Cup
Winner- 2002
 Nehru Cup
Winner- 2007, 2009
 AFC Challenge Cup
Winner- 2008


Factors Stunting Growth
 Investment in Indian Football
 Football Clubs
 Youth Development Programs
 Stadiums
 Revenue Structure
 Broadcasting Rights
 Match Day Revenues
 Commercialization & Sponsorship
 Regional Dominance
 Dependence on Foreign talent
 Unstable National structure


Birth of Clubs
 National Level Football League started in
1996/97
 Clubs Participating in the NFL/ I League
 Total: 38
 Pre 1964: 14 (37%)
 1965- 1991: 6 (16%)
 1992- present: 16 (42%)
 Last Decade (2000-2011): 14 (37%)


Major Youth Development Programs
 Tata Football Academy*, 1987
 JCT, 1998
 Sesa, 1999
 Pune FC, 2011
 Mohun Bagan AC, 2003, 2009
 Dempo


Role of Youth Academies
 Home-Grown Players
 Transfer Fee Gains/ Savings
 Domestic Support
 Performance


Stadiums
Stadium Location Capacity Pitch Type Tenants
Balewadi Sports Complex Pune 20,000 Grass Pune FC

Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Kochi 60,000 Grass Chirag United

Fatorda Stadium Margao 27,300 Grass Churchill Brothers
Dempo
Salgaocar
Sporting Clube de
Goa
Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata 1,20,000 Astroturf Mohun Bagan
East Bengal
Palian Arrows
Prayag United
Bangalore Football Stadium Bangalore 15,000 Astroturf HAL
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Shillong 25,000 Grass Shillong Lajhong

Business Model
Future
Performance
Prospects

Crowd
Investments
Support

Sponsorships


European Clubs Revenue Structure
Match Day
Commercial Commercial 14%
28% Match Day 25%
35%
English Model Italian Model

Broadcasting Broadcasting
37% German Model 61%
Match Day
25%
Commercial
53%
Broadcasting
22%


Indian Clubs Revenue Structure
 Match Day Revenues
 0- negligible Season Ticket Sales
 Ticket Price: Rs.50-200
 Average Attendance: 3913
 Commercial sources
 No Club store/ Café/ Commercial Infrastructure
 No Merchandising
 Broadcasting
 2007: Zee Sports 10 year deal, Terminated in 2010
 2010/11: TV deal only for Mohun Bagan, East Bengal, United Sports Club
 2011/12: Ten Sports, Live Telecast: 75/182 Games (41%)
 Defunct Clubs
 Mahindra United (2010)
 JCT (2011)
 FC Kochin (2002)


Prize Money & Incentives
 Prize Money
 Winner – Rs.50,00,000
 Runners up- Rs.28,00,000
 Rs.2,50,000 for participation in U19 League
 Rs.2,50,000 for Administrative Staff
 90% Gate Receipts
 Rs.35,000 for Match win


I League Clubs Sponsorship
 Estimated 80% Club revenues from Sponsorships
 Sponsorship
 Air India- Air India, Star Impact
 Chirag United- Chirag Computers
 Churchill Brothers- Churchill, Adidas
 Dempo- Dempo, Nike
 East Bengal- Kingfisher, Nivia, Bluechip Projects, Saradha Realty, CMRI, Pearless, Rose Valley
 HAL- HAL
 Mohun Bagan- McDowells, Adidas, Amra Remedies
 Mumbai FC- Ten HD, Adidas
 Palian Arrows- Palian
 Prayag United- Prayag Group
 Pune FC- Piramal Group, Peninsula, Adidas, Infosys, HerbalLife, Golds Gym
 Salgaocar- Salgaocar
 Shillong Lajhong- Aircel, Adidas, Kingfisher
 Sporting Clube de Goa- Models, Adidas

Regional Dominance
 National Level Football League Winners
 Goa: 7
 Bengal: 6
 Maharashtra: 1
 Punjab: 1
 Last 5 Seasons: Goa
 NFL: Mohun Bagan (3/11), East Bengal (3/11)
 I League: Dempo (2/5)
 Federation Cup: Mohun Bagan (13/33), East Bengal (7/33),
Salgaocar (4)
 Durand Cup: Mohun Bagan (18)
 IFA Shield: East Bengal (27)

Club Locations
 Club Locations
North 1 (3%)
South 7 (18%)
West 11 (29%)
East 10 (26%)
North East 9 (24%)

 New Clubs: 2000-present
North 0
South 5 (36%)
West 4 (29%)
East 2 (14%)
North East 3 (21%)

Club Locations contd.
 Football Clubs in only 13 states, 46%
 No clubs in Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, UP, Bihar, AP, etc. 15 states
 National Squad Composition
 State wise
o Goa: 13
o Bengal: 12
o Maharashtra: 4
o Sikkim: 1
 Club wise
o Dempo: 5
o Salgaocar: 3
o Churchill Brothers: 4
o Mohun Bagan: 6
o East Bengal: 4
o Prayag United: 1
o Palian Arrows: 1
o Pune FC: 3
o Air India: 1
o United Sikkim: 1


Dependence on Foreign Talent
 15 National Level Football League Seasons
 Top Goal Scorer
o Foreign: 13 (87%)
o Indian: 2 (13%)
 All Time Top Goal Scorer
 1st Odafe Onyeka Okolie (Nigeria)- 95
o Most Golden Boots
 2nd Ranty Martins Soleye (Nigeria)- 69
o Most Goals in a Match
o Most Goals in a Season
 7th Sunil Chhetri- 35


Unstable National Structure
 National Football League
 1996/97- 2 Stage, 12 Teams
 1997/98- 10 Teams
 1998/99- 2 Stage, 12 Teams
 1999/2000- 2004/05 - 12 Teams
 2005/06-2006/07- 10 Teams
 I league
 2007/08: 10 Teams
 2008/09: 12 Teams
 2009/10- 2011/12: 14 teams
 2012/13- Expected to Change
 No Representation in the AFC Champions League due to not
fulfilling AFC criteria set for 2012


Troubled Times
 IMG-Reliance-AIFF Rs.700 crore deal
 No Share/ Participation/ Discussion with Clubs
 I League- AIFF Executive Committee control
 No representation of stakeholders
 I League- A separate entity according to AFC
guidelines


A Bright Future
Proposed Bid for U17 FIFA World Cup 2017/2019
National Level League- New Format Based on the
lines of Major League Soccer (USA)
 Proposed two tier 16 team League
 Youth Development Programmes
 FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Liverpool,
Bayern Munich, Manchester City, etc.
 Growing Interest
 Increased Sponsorships & Corporate culture
 Pune FC, Mumbai FC

Conclusion
 For too long has the Indian economy been
ignored as a market to be invested in &
monetized, the lack of talent & interest being the
expressed and obvious reasons but the 21st
century has brought with it the much anticipated
and desperately needed change with increased
and rapid rise in interest in the sport that once
brought glory to this mighty economy, Investment
in the sport is on the rise with the incentive to
commercialize and position brands in a 1.4 billion
strong economy attracting worldwide interests.


Thank you!


Rise & Fall of Indian Football: An Analysis of the Golden Era, Lost Decades & New Beginning

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