1. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY & FEEDSTOCKS FOR INDIA PROF. NAVEEN KUMAR COORDINATOR, BIODIESEL RESEARCH DELHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DELHI, INDIA Email: [email_address] Phone : 27871248, 32924637 Mobile : 9891963530, 9810363530 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, OCTOBER 24,2006 Organized by Moving Toward Sustainable Energy Systems: Exploring Global Pathways to a Common Destination Expert Lecture at Workshop on

4. Molecular Structure Fats and oils have quite big molecules with a spinal of glycerol on which are bond three fatty acid rests. By the transesterification, the fatty acid rests are removed from the glycerol and each is bond with methanol. The products are one mole glycerol and three mole of fatty acid methyl ester.

7. Feedstock Issues 2. Water Water deactivates the catalysts. Drying of oil is required. Water hydrolyses fats to form free fatty acids. Free fatty acids react with alkali catalysts forms soaps Soaps semi solid mixture glycerol separation

9. Catalyst? “ Chemical marriage brokers” The presence of a catalyst facilitates reactions that would be kinetically impossible or very slow without a catalyst

10. Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Homogenous The catalyst, reactants and products are all in one phase, normally the liquid phase. The reactions proceed over a intermediate complex and are often highly selective, but separation of the products and the catalyst is difficult. Hetrogenous The catalyst is in one phase, normally solid, while the reactants and products are in another phase. Separation of catalyst and products is easy, but the reaction is often less selective, because the catalyst material is not homogeneous

13. Batch, Base Catalyzed Process TG Alcohol Catalyst Batch Reactor Ester Crude Glycerol Alcohol Alcohol Water Water Neutralized Glycerol Wash Water Dryer Biodiesel Water Acid

14. Reaction Vessel Heating Element Water Cooled Condenser Cooling Water 10 Liters Biodiesel Unit Stirrer Development Cost : US $ 1300

15. 600 LITERS/DAY BIODIESEL UNIT Vacuum Drier Separating Vessel Reaction Vessel Washing Vessel Control Panel Oil Tank Methaoxide Vessel Skid Motor & Gear Box Motor& Gear Pump Development Cost : US $ 7000

19. Methanol + KOH Vegetable Oil Storage Tank 1500 Kg Methanol + H2SO4 Motor Storage Tank 500 Ltrs. Motor Biodiesel Storage Tank 1000 Ltrs . P2 SV2 Reactor 600 Ltrs . SV2 Air SVO P1 SV3 P3 Settling Tank 1000 Ltrs. Vaccum Drier Separating Column 500 Ltrs./ Charge Washing Column 500 Ltrs./ Charge Vaccum Drier Glycerol Storage Tank 500 Ltrs . Transesterification Reactor, 500Lts./Charge P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Biodiesel Unit 1tpd Capacity Design by DCE

21. Heterogeneous Catalyst

25. Feed Stocks for India

26. Feed stocks used in different Countries Australia Used frying Oil Ireland , USA Beef Tallow Japan Used Cooking Oil Nicaragua Jatropha Curcas Oil Greece Cotton Seed Oil Spain Linseed & Olive oil Philippines Coconut Malaysia Palm Oil U.S.A. Soya bean EU Rape seed , Sunflower Countries Feedstock

28. Target Output per Hectare Estimated Biodiesel production per Hectare = 3,000 litres/700Gal Potential yields of 12 tonnes per hectare and 55% oil Extraction are also attainable 2500 trees per hectare produces Seed 6.9 tonnes Seedcake 4.2 tonnes Vegetable Oil 2.7 tonnes Glycerol 0.27 tonnes

29. Anti-Erosive Properties Reduces wind and water erosion of soil Improved absorption of water by soil

30. Properties of press cake as fertilizer

31. Quality seedling preparation 10 x 20 cm bag Germination -3 days 3-6 months old seedlings

32. VIEW OF JATROPHA PLANT NURSERY

34. Intercropping with Jatropha

37. Land requirement for different blending percentages

40. Thank You all for your precious time