Historical background AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Primitive society primitive man moved in order to satisfy a felt need or a necessity. He had to satisfy his hunger and so he had to search for food by hunting wild animals in the forests or by fishing along the rivers and streams. the physical activities of primitive man were not organized. His motives for physical activity were mainly to search for food and to protect himself from his enemies. Ancient oriental and Near East Countries Ancient China India Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia,Syria, Palestine, and Persia Ancient China This policy of isolation lacked the motivating factor to be physically strong because there was no fear of aggression. they neglected their physical body to something they believed was more important and which is the spirit. As early as 2698 B.C., the “Kung-Fu” was the earliest of exercises recorded in history. India like that of ancient China, the religious life of the people affected their concern for their physical well-being. a great contribution of India to physical education is “Yoga” which composed of exercises in posture and regulated breathing. Although Yoga is a religious activity in India, it is being accepted today as important activity to discipline the mind and the body because it involves 84 different positions. Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and Persia these country marked the turning point in the history of physical education in the ancient near east. the Egyptians believed in living a full life. this meant a life full of physical activity. The Egyptian young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war, such as the bow and arrow, lance, and shield. they engaged in many sports and gymnastics exercise. Physical Education in European Countries Physical Education in Greece Physical Education in Rome Physical Education in Germany Physical Education in Philippines Physical Education in Greece The two city states in ancient Greece which gave much importance to ancient Greece, were the Sparta and Athens. in Sparta, the main objective of physical education was contribute to a strong and powerful army. While in Athens, the individual’s life was not controlled and regulated as in Sparta, and one enjoyed individual freedom. The objective of physical education was for physical perfection with emphasis on beauty of physique. Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic games which were first held in 776 B.C. and continued every four years thereafter. A number of Greek philosophers, teachers, and medical men contributed to the worth of physical education and among them were the following: Herodotus Galen Hippocrates Socrates Plato Aristotle Xenophon Physical Education in Rome Army life was considered very important to the Romans and considere

1. Historical background AND DEVELOPMENT OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Primitive society
primitive man moved in order to satisfy a felt need
or a necessity. He had to satisfy his hunger and so he
had to search for food by hunting wild animals in the
forests or by fishing along the rivers and streams.
the physical activities of primitive man were not
organized. His motives for physical activity were mainly
to search for food and to protect himself from his
enemies.

2. Ancient oriental and Near East Countries
 Ancient China
 India
 Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia,Syria, Palestine, and
Persia

3.  Ancient China
 This policy of isolation lacked the motivating
factor to be physically strong because there was no
fear of aggression.
 they neglected their physical body to something
they believed was more important and which is the
spirit. As early as 2698 B.C., the “Kung-Fu” was the
earliest of exercises recorded in history.

4.  India
 like that of ancient China, the religious life of the people
affected their concern for their physical well-being.
 a great contribution of India to physical education is
“Yoga” which composed of exercises in posture and
regulated breathing. Although Yoga is a religious activity in
India, it is being accepted today as important activity to
discipline the mind and the body because it involves 84
different positions.

5.  Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine,
and Persia
 these country marked the turning point in the history
of physical education in the ancient near east.
 the Egyptians believed in living a full life.
 this meant a life full of physical activity. The Egyptian
young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war,
such as the bow and arrow, lance, and shield.
 they engaged in many sports and gymnastics
exercise.

6. Physical Education in European Countries
 Physical Education in Greece
 Physical Education in Rome
 Physical Education in Germany
 Physical Education in Philippines

7. Physical Education in Greece
 The two city states in ancient Greece which gave
much importance to ancient Greece, were the Sparta
and Athens.
 in Sparta, the main objective of physical education
was contribute to a strong and powerful army.
 While in Athens, the individual’s life was not
controlled and regulated as in Sparta, and one
enjoyed individual freedom.

8.  The objective of physical education was for physical
perfection with emphasis on beauty of physique.
 Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic
games which were first held in 776 B.C. and continued
every four years thereafter. A number of Greek
philosophers, teachers, and medical men contributed
to the worth of physical education and among them
were the following:

9.  Herodotus
 Galen
 Hippocrates
 Socrates
 Plato
 Aristotle
 Xenophon

10. Physical Education in Rome
 Army life was considered very important to the
Romans and considered health as important only for
military life.
 Historians note that the most outstanding cause of
the fall of the Roman empire was because of moral
decay and physical deterioration.

11. Physical Education in Germany
 The great contributor of physical education in modern
Europe was Germany.
 The Following great contributors were:
 Johann Bernhard Basedow (1723-1790) established a
school called Philanthropinum
 Johann Christophe Friedrich Guts Muths (1759-1839)
wrote two books Gymnastics for the Young and
Games
Adolf Spies (1810-1858)
founder of Gymnastics in Germany

12. Physical Education in the Philippines
 Physical education in the Philippines dates back to
primitive society when physical activity was very
important for survival, making it necessary for the
adult to teach physical skills to the young.

13. The Pre-Spanish Period
 The aborigines of the Philippines, the Negros or
Aetas, had a way of life the same or similar to any
other people’s living in a primitive society.
 He was always known for his spectacular skill in the
use of the bow and arrow.
 The Negritos living in the mountains of Bataan,
Zambales, and Tarlac are founded to be fond of music
and dancing.

14. The Spanish Regime
 The Spanish conquest of the Philippines did not have
much effect on the physical activities of the people.
 The people generally had a sedentary living while
waiting for the harvest time after planting.
 Cockfighting which continued to be the favorite sport
found its way to the other places in the country.

15.  The most colorful of all celebrations in the Santa Cruz
 De Mayo or Santacruzan which consisted of praying
for nine consecutive days and culminated in
procession to the hermana mayor’s house.
 Games were played by the Filipinos during a grand
celebration or after the procession on the
Santacruzan. A game called “pabitin” was very much
enjoyed by the little children.

16. The American Period
 In 1901, physical exercise was one of the subjects
introduced in the public schools, and a regular
program of athletics was developed.
 In 1905, Baseball and Track & Field were introduced
and taught to the young boys in school.
 In 1909, the athletic program for the schools was
inaugurated which was given emphasis to the playing
of western sports and coaching of tennis.

17.  In 1910,when the Carnival Meet was held in Manila
 In 1914, Basketball game for the girls was introduced and
was discontinued, because it was found very strenuous for
the girls.
 In 1911, the” athletic handbook” he was published which
prescribed a few simple group games and relays in the first
part, while the second part continued the rules for
baseball, basketball for the girls, volleyball, indoor
baseball, track and field, and lawn tennis.

18.  In 1920,a syllabus entitled “Physical Education:
manual for Teachers” was published which was
submitted by a special committee of superintendents
and edited by Frederick O. England, then Playground
Director of the City manila.
 Physical Education was made a required subject in the
curriculum of all public schools.

19. ACTIVITY
 Discuss: Answer the following questions intelligently.
 1. Describe the physical activities of the primitive
society.
 2.What emphasis of the European physical education
activities? Explain.

20. Definition of Physical Education
 Is an integral part of the education program.
 It is designed to promote the optimum development
of the individual:
 Physical
 Mental
 Social
 Emotional

21.  Through total body movement in the performance of
properly selected physical activities.
 It is also important segment of general education
which aims to contribute to the total development of
the learner through participation in selected vigorous
activities.

22. Major Goal of Physical Education
 Considering these four aspect;
 Fitness is the ability
 To live a healthy
 Satisfying
 Useful life
 This kind of life is what the education philosophers
and thinkers term as the “good life”. This is the
ultimate goal of education.

23. Objectives of Physical Education
Physical Development
Mental Development
Social Development
Emotional Development

24. Physical Development
Through carefully selected physical
education activities, an individual
who participates actively will
develop and maintain good health
and high level of physical fitness.

25. Mental Development
 Through participation is physical
education activities the individual
develops his mental capacities as he
learns the mechanics principles
underlying movements, as he acquires
knowledge and understanding of the
rules and strategies of the games and
sports, and as he discovers ways of
improving his movements in basketball
tournament.

26. Social Development
 Participation of physical education activities
opportunities for the development of desirable
social traits needed for adjustment to the social
life in general. Some worthwhile traits are:
 Friendliness
 Cooperation
 Respects for the right of others
 Sportsmanship
 Honesty in the group activity or competition.

27. Emotional Development
 Participating in varied physical activities
enable one to acquire pleasant attitudes,
desirable habits, appreciations and values. The
formal nature of physical activities offers
opportunities for self- expression and
emotional mastery.
 These are:
 self-confidence self-reliance
 self-control courage and
determination

29. The Components of Physical Fitness
 Organic Vigor
 Endurance
 Strength
 Power
 Flexibility
 Agility
 Balance
 Speed

30. Organic Vigour
Refers to the soundness of
the heart and lungs which
contributes to the ability to
resists disease.

31. Endurance
 Is the ability to sustain long
continued contractions where a
number of muscle groups are used;
the capacity to bear or last long in a
certain task without undue fatigue.

32. Strength
 Is the capacity to sustain the
application of force without
yielding or breaking; the ability of
the muscle to exert effort against a
resistance.

33. Power
Refers to the ability of the
muscles to release maximum
force in the shortest period
of time.

34. Flexibility
Is a quality of plasticity which
gives the ability to do a wide
of movement.

35. Agility
Is the ability of the individual to
change direction or position in
space with quickness and
lightness of movement.

36. Balance
Is the ability to control
organic equipment neuro-mascularly;
a state of
equilibrium.

37. Speed
Is the ability to make
successive movements of the
same kind in the shortest
period of time.

38. Physical Education and Testing
Every individual desires to live a
long, healthy, and happy life. Based
on clinical experimental data
undertaken in progressive
countries, many people today know
how to get and stay in shape.

39.  It is known the exercise, diet, and
attitude affect health and one’s
ways of living so that a careful
study of these factors and their
application can lead to a healthy
lifestyle.

40. Physical Fitness Battery Test
 Standing long jump
 Cur-up
 50-meter sprint
 Pull-up
 Flexed-arm hang(girls)
 Shuttle run
 Sit and reach
 3-minute step test

41. Parts of the Body

42. The Warm-up Exercises
 Jog in place
 Head bending/Isolation
 Head rotation
 Shoulder rotation
 Arm circling/hands clapping(forward/backward)
 Trunk rotation/bending
 Knee rotation/bending
 Ankle rotation
 Leg swings
 Jumping jacks

43. Basic Conditioning Exercises
 Twist (Stand Erect)
 Knee and arm lift (Stand Tall)
 Long stretch (Sit with legs extended in front, hands
on waist)

44. Exercises for Particular Needs
 Twister Toe- touch (Stand Tall)
 Knee toe balance (Stand tall & Hands on waist)
 Dipsy- Doodle (Stand tall with feet together
 Knee grasp and pull (Stand tall, hands on sides)
 Hip walk (Sit with feet extended arms in front,
shoulder level)