automobile engg

1. By:
Sham
Recent Trends in Automobile
Engineering

2. •What is it?
- A Natural gas vehicle or NGV is a vehicle that
uses compressed natural gas (CNG) or, less
commonly, liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a
clean alternative to other automobile fuels.
Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)

3. Sources
• Where do we get
natural gas from?
- The Gulf of Saudi
Arabia : A Long-
Lasting Source of
Natural Gas.

4. • 85-99% Methane
• Clean burning
• Exhaust emissions from NGVs are much lower than those
from equivalent gasoline-powered vehicles
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• Noise reductions
• Lower cost
Benefits of NGVs

5. LGV ENGINE AND ITS VARIOUS COMPONENTS

6. A: Gas fill valve
B: Cylinders
C: Master manual shut-off valve
D: High-pressure fuel line
E: Regulator
F: Natural gas solenoid valve
G: Fuel-injection system

7. The pressure regulator must be firmly attached to the vehicle’s body, making sure that
there is no movement whatsoever. The manometer must be placed on the regulator in such a
way that it can be easily read at the time of filling the gas tank; therefore, the pressure
regulator must not be installed under any part of the motor that blocks the view of the
manometer
REDUCER / MIXER SYSTEM

8. STOICHIOMETRIC A/F Ratio Controller, Cool EGR and 3-Way Catalyst

9. The tanks have a valve that must be installed very tightly. For this purpose, the
cylinder is placed on a specially prepared bracket-clamp that will hold the tanks while
the valve is installed avoiding its turning when the valve is being tightened.
Before installing the valve in the cylinder thread, 30 rounds of Teflon tape must be
applied for better sealing. The valve must be tightened in the cylinder with no greater
than 25 kgm.
The cylinders should be placed in the same direction as the car axels. The Manual
Safety Valve must be easily accessible, so that it can be closed without problems in
case of a leak.
NGV TANKS AND THEIR VALVES

10. • What types of vehicles run on
natural gas?
2) Dedicated NGVs
2) Bi-Fuel NGVs
Types of Vehicles

11. • A dedicated NGV runs on natural gas only.
• Dedicated NGVs can be gasoline-fueled vehicles
that have been converted to run on natural gas.
• Mostly dedicated NGVs are produced by original
equipment manufacturers.
Dedicated NGVs

12. Examples of NGV Cars
Honda Civic GX The Omni Cargo

13. Light-Duty NGVs
 Suitable for light-duty needs in private and
government fleets
 Honda Civic GX
Medium-Duty NGVs
 Vans and shuttles
 Airports and taxi fleets
Heavy-Duty NGVs
 Refuse haulers
 Transit buses
 School buses
 Long-haul trucks
 Street sweepers
 Snowplows
 Short-haul delivery trucks

14. • A bi-fuel vehicle can run on either natural gas or
gasoline.
• Many are designed to switch automatically to
gasoline when the natural gas fuel tank reaches
empty.
• These vehicles get the same or slightly fewer
miles per equivalent gallon of natural gas as do
vehicles using gasoline only.
Bi-Fuel NGVs

15. • The Absence of Transportation
• The Absence of Storage Infrastructure
• Loss of Cargo Space
• Increased Refueling Time
• Lower Driving Range
• Price
Obstacles to The Widespread of
Use of NGVs

16. • Building more pipelines.
• Establishing more liquefied tankers.
• A slow fill gets more gas into the tank than does
a fast fill.
• Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) is now
promoting the new plan.
Solutions (1)

17. •Tax Reductions for CNG Vehicles
- Tax reductions of 25% for CNG buses and taxi
cabs
- 20% for other CNG vehicles
• Giving an import tariff exemption for
NGV cylinders and other related
equipment
Solutions (2)

18. Solutions (3)
• Building more NGV
refueling stations
- PTT plans to increase the
number to 160 stations next
year
- 740 nationwide in 2010

19. • Natural gas combustion produces no significant
aldehydes or other air toxins.
• Natural gas price is cheaper than the price of
gasoline.
• Safety
Conclusion

20. • In Europe, a group of nine auto manufacturers are currently researching and testing body
panels that can store energy and charge faster than conventional batteries of today. The body
panels being tested are made of polymer fiber and carbon resin that are strong enough to be
used in vehicles and pliable enough to be molded into panels. These panels could reduce a
car's weight by up to 15 percent.
• The panels would capture energy produced by technologies like regenerative braking or
when the car is plugged in overnight and then feed that energy back to the car when it's
needed.
Energy-storing Body Panels

21. • Volvo has developed a combination of technologies that goes further than simply
identifying objects: it can identify pedestrians and cyclists, thus allowing avoidance of
collisions and injuries in urban areas, where such accidents are most common. Since this
also happens to be one of the most important type of accidents involving cars, this
technology should spread pretty quickly
Pedestrian detection

22. • or lazy brakes, if you wish. Acura's new RLX sedan features a "Brake Hold" button that will
keep the brakes pressed automatically. Useful while waiting for that red light to turn green,
or for that loooong train to cross the road.
Intelligent braking

23. • Because the all-new 2014 S-Class does not pack enough new features as it is, Mercedes-
Benz has found it necessary to include exclusive hot stone massage bucket seats. 14 tiny air
bags inflate and deflate to stimulate the occupant's backside in a traditional, shiatsu fashion.
Hot-stone massage

24. • Tesla Motors' Model S all-electric sedan sports many exclusive technologies, one of them
being almost exclusively aesthetic: the receding door handles retract when the car is locked
down or when it is moving, but press the key fob Unlock button and the pop out. They seem
pretty solid too. Still, we wonder how they'll fare under an inch of thick winter ice...
Receding door handles

25. • Dual-stage 'smart' airbags If you've ever felt the force of an airbag hitting you in the face
after a fender-bender, you understand the appeal of dual-stage "smart" airbags. More
important, an airbag can have fatal results for small children. These smart systems vary in
intelligence, but most offer a low-stage and high-stage deployment based on impact, and
many take the weight of the human into consideration via an in-car computer. Average cost:
$400
Dual-stage airbags

26. Electro-Hydraulic power steering
system
• new power steering system provides the natural, smooth feel of a sophisticated conventional hydraulic
power steering system while simultaneously improving fuel economy by using electric power
instead of drawing power from the engine.
• System Configuration
• Electro-Hydraulic power steering system
• Hydraulic assist
(greater reduction ratio than with gears, etc.)
• 12V power supply
(Since large reduction ratio possible, DC-DC converter for voltage step-up is not needed)
• Small cylinder diameter (50mm)
(Motor does not need to be mounted on rack, since a large reduction ratio is obtained)

28. Electro-Hydraulic power steering
system
• new power steering system provides the natural, smooth feel of a sophisticated conventional hydraulic
power steering system while simultaneously improving fuel economy by using electric power
instead of drawing power from the engine.
• System Configuration
• Electro-Hydraulic power steering system
• Hydraulic assist
(greater reduction ratio than with gears, etc.)
• 12V power supply
(Since large reduction ratio possible, DC-DC converter for voltage step-up is not needed)
• Small cylinder diameter (50mm)
(Motor does not need to be mounted on rack, since a large reduction ratio is obtained)

29. EPS powered directly by motor
• Motor power directly assists steering
(large reduction ratio not obtainable with worm gear or ball screw)
• 42V power supply
(small reduction ratio means DC-DC converter needed to provide power)
• Large motor diameter(110mm)
(to provide sufficient power, a large motor must be mounted on the rack shaft)

30. • A supercharger: is an air compressor that increases
the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal
combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of
the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and
do more work, thus increasing power.

31. • A turbocharger is a device driven by exhaust gases that
increases engine power by pumping air into the
combustion chambers. Combustion is limited not by the
amount of fuel that can be injected but by the amount of air
an engine can gulp in to mix with that fuel.

34. Tubeless tires or tyres• Tubeless tires or tyres: (are pneumatic tires that do not
require a separate inner tube. Unlike traditional pneumatic
tires which use a separate inner tube, tubeless tires have
continuous ribs molded integrally into the bead of the tire
so that they are forced by the pressure of the air inside the
tire to seal with the flanges of the metal rim of the wheel.

35. continuously variable transmission
(CVT)
• A continuously variable transmission (CVT) (also known
as a single-speed transmission, stepless transmission,
variable pulley transmission, or, in case of motorcycles, a
twist-and-go) is an automatic transmission that can change
seamlessly through an indefinite number of effective gear
ratios between maximum and minimum values.

36. Thank you!