One of the greatest challenges engineers face is the safe operation of the existing civil infrastructure. Tunnels progressively deteriorate due to ageing ,environmental factors ,increased loading ,damages caused by the human/natural factors ,inadequate poor maintenance

1. CAREER POINT
UNIVERSITY
Power Point Presentation on Tunnel
Robot
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. Pawan Nagar Divya (K10820)
Assistant Professor Aishwarya(K10849)
Career Point University Sakshi(K10834)

2. Table Of Content
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS OF TUNNEL ROBOT
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS OF TUNNEL ROBOT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF RF MODULE
RF REMOTE CONTROL ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 One of the greatest challenges engineers face is the safe
operation of the existing civil infrastructure. Tunnels
progressively deteriorate due to ageing ,environmental factors
,increased loading ,damages caused by the human/natural
factors ,inadequate poor maintenance. Due to all these factors
Sometimes people are stuck up in the tunnel , our tunnel robot
is a robot which will visualize the people who are stuck up in
the tunnel and the visual will be shown in the monitor room. So
that help is provided at the exact location.

5. Component of Tunnel Robot
Encoder(HT12E)
Decoder(HT12D)
RF Module(transmitter,reciever,434MHz)
LED
2 L shape DC motor of 200 rpm
Two 7806 regulator
L293D IC
Three batteries of 9 volt
Chemical PCB (2 Plate)
Four 10 K resistor

6. HT12E Encoder IC
1. HT12E encoder IC is integrated 2^12 series of encoders.
This IC is mainly used to interface RF and IR circuits. This IC
converts 12 bit parallel to serial. These 12 bits are divided into
4 data bits and 8 address bits.
2.This IC has transmitter enable pin. When trigger signal is
received on this pin, the address and data bits are transmitted
together. HT12E starts a 4 word transmission cycle upon
receipt of enable. The transmission cycle is repeated till
transmitter enable is kept low.

7. HT12D Decoder IC
 This decoder IC converts serial input data to parallel. This IC
indicates valid transmission by a high at VT (Valid Transmission)
pin.
 HT12D is capable to decode 12bit data (8 address bits and 4 data
bits). The output data remains unchanged till the new data is
received.
 It is mainly used in RF and IR circuits. These decoders are mainly
used for remote control applications like burglar alarm, car door
alarm, security system etc.
 The chosen pair of encoder and decoder for communication should
have same number of address and data bits.

8. Rf module –(transmitter and
reciever,434 MHz)
 This module operates at radio frequency. The Radio frequency
range is 30 KHz to 300 GHz. In this system, RF modules use
ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) modulation.
 Transmission through RF is better than IR because, the RF
signal can travel for longer distances as compare to infrared.
And IR mostly supports line-of-sight mode, RF signals can
travel even there is an obstruction. RF transmission is more
reliable and stronger as compare to IR.
 The chosen pair of RF Transmitter and receiver should have
same frequency. The transmission speed of these modules is
1Kbps to 10Kbps.

10. RF Remote Control Circuit
Advantages and Applications
 Works for longer distances as compared to IR.
 RF signals can travel even there is an obstruction between
transmitter and receiver.
 Used for remote control applications like burglar alarm, car
door alarm, calling bell, security systems, etc.

11. RF Remote Control Circuit
Principle
 When we press any key in the remote, the transmitter section
generates the corresponding RF signal and this signal is
received by the receiver section, hence it switches the
corresponding appliance.
 A four channel encoder/decoder pair is used in this system. The
input signals at the transmitter section are taken from the four
switches and the output signals at the receiver are indicated by
the four LED’s corresponding to each switch.

12.  The encoder HT12E is used to convert parallel data to serial.
This data is transmitted serially to receiver point through RF.
 RF receiver receives the data serially and then gives to the
HT12D decoder to convert it to the parallel. Four LEDs
indicate the received data.

13. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
 Introduction:
The LED is a light source which uses semiconductors
Currently the LED lamp is popular due to it's efficiency and
many believe it is a 'new' technology. The LED as we know it
has been around for over 50 years. The recent development of
white LEDs is what has brought it into the public eye as a
replacement for other white light sources.
 Common uses: indication lights on devices, small and large
lamps, traffic lights, large video screens, signs, street lighting.

14. DC MOTOR
 A DC motor is a device that convert direct (electrical energy)
into mechanical energy. The very basic construction of a dc
motor contains a current carrying armature which is connected
to the supply end through commutator segments and brushes
and placed within the north south poles of a permanent or an
electro-magnet

15. REGULATOR
 A voltage regulator is one of the most widely used electronic
circuitry in any device. A regulated voltage (without
fluctuations & noise levels) is very important for the smooth
functioning of many digital electronic devices. Voltage
regulators are of different types. IC based 7806 voltage
regulator which regulates the output voltage at 6 volts.

16.  An IC based voltage regulator can be classified in different ways.
A common type of classification is 3 terminal voltage regulator
and 5 or multi terminal voltage regulator. Another popular way of
classifying IC voltage regulators is by identifying them as linear
voltage regulator & switching voltage regulator. There is a third
set of classification as 1) Fixed voltage regulators (positive &
negative) 2) Adjustable voltage regulators (positive & negative)
and finally 3) Switching regulators. In the third classification,
fixed & adjustable regulators are basically versions of linear
voltage regulators.

17. L293D IC
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows
DC motor to drive on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which
can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a
single L293D IC.
It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which
allows the voltage to be flown in either direction. As you know
voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the
motor in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-bridge IC
are ideal for driving a DC motor.

18.  In a single L293D chip there two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC
which can rotate two dc motor independently. Due its size it is
very much used in robotic application for controlling DC
motors. Given below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor
controller.
 There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being
able to drive the motor, the pin 1 and 9 need to be high. For
driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1
to high. And for right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to
high. If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9 goes low then the
motor in the corresponding section will suspend working. It’s
like a switch.

20. Resistors
 A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors
may be used to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, may
act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits,
resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal
levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines among other uses. High-power resistors, that can dissipate
many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of
motor controls,

21. CONCLUSION
 Tunnel robot is made through wireless circuit in which
HT12E is used to convert 4 input into 1 output, HT12D is
used to convert 1 input into 4 output. This robot is very
beneficial for the government as it will save their time as well
as it will save more number of people.

22. THANK YOU