Modernization is the process of social change and economic development. Development and social change are dependent on economic growth as people are both social and economic beings. Key factors that drive modernization and economic development include discoveries, inventions, industrialization, transportation/communication improvements, and the diffusion of ideas and technologies between societies. Modernization involves the transition from simple to complex social and economic systems, from agriculture-based to industry-based economies, and increasing application of scientific knowledge.

1. NAME : SHAKIR ULLAH
SUBJECT: SOCIAL CHANGE AND
DEVELOPMENT
TOPIC FOR PRESENTATION:
Modernization the process of social
change and development with
reference to economic development
By Shakir ullah

2. Development and social change are mostly dependent
upon economic growth a country because man is
social as well as economic being; man by his nature is
mostly economic and less social. Man materialistic
attitudes and further his economic activities make him is
social being. He accepts those changes which are best
suited to his selfish interest. Change is the law of nature
man not only like change but he accepts change because
he get bored in static environment and we can say that
man is by nature very dynamic.
By Shakir ullah

3. By Shakir ullah

4. There was mechanical solidarity(
durkhiem) but latter on many
factors compelled man to bring
changed in his social as well as
natural environment these changes
led human social environment from
simple to the most complex one.
By Shakir ullah

5. 1.Spencer: Modernization is the process in
which societies move from simple to
complex , homogeneity to heterogeneity,
incoherent to coherent and from agriculture
to industrial.
2.Ward: Modernization is the application of
modern science to human affairs.
By Shakir ullah

6. The application of scientific knowledge and
techniques to various fields.
Agriculture subsistence forming change to
commercial farming.
Industrialization take place with great emphasis
on inanimate forms of energy, human and animal
power become less important.
Urbanization became an accelerating process.
By Shakir ullah

7. All institutions including economic change
from simple to complex the competition on
both sides consumption and production
introduced. Modern marketing system
brought changes in whole economic system.
The agriculture system modernized with
farm mechanization and cottage industries.
By Shakir ullah

8. MODERNIZATION AND ECONOMIC CHANGE

9. SOCIAL CHANGE
It refers to the alteration and
modification which take place in the
life pattern of people in society.
Social change occurs in all societies
because no society is neither
completely static nor changed.

10. 1.Horton and Hunt define social change change in
the social structure and social relation of society.
2. J.B Chitambar define social change as social
change involve a change in the structure and
functions of societal forms.
Examples of social change: changes in all social
institutions e.g. family, economic, political etc.

11. PROCESS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

12. I t is an addition to knowledge and
finding new facts which are already
present.
Discovery become factor in social
change when put into serious use
such as the discovery of blood
circulation system in human body.

13. it mean a new use of existing
knowledge. It is the idea of
combining elements of knowledge
that produce something new.
Such as automobile. Mobile cell
etc.

14. It refer to the process whereby one culture
trait and patterns spreads from one society to
another. This process take place when
societies came into contact like most of our
cultural traits come from European societies.
Our political system, our postal system, our
construction designs, our daily fashions and
dress styles etc all reflect western culture.

15. THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL CHANGE AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

16. Without these things we can never imagine any development
through discovery man is busy to enhance the process of
development.
Like discovery inventions are more important to bring
development in every sector like through the invention of
computer, automobile etc human have touch the climax of
economic development through computer and internet we can
control any business activity and can do business activities
more easily further the invention of transportation and
communication much facilitated any economic and business
activity.

17. These are considered as the
backbone of industries and factory
system because raw materials are
mostly carried by the means of
transport. Further with means of
transportation and communication
the process of urbanization
accelerated.

18. Scientific inventions further
facilitated modern factory system
and we can say that capitalism
emerged due to industrialization
and the application of scientific
knowledge.

19. Diffusion is similarly played its role
in economic development most of
the economic policies have been
diffused from one county to
another our banking systems
including other things have been
came from westerns countries.

20. Development

21. A multi dimensional phenomena.
Generally it is define as Growth plus change.
Growth refers to an increase in gross or per capita income
and change refer to structural and institutional changes.
According to UN documents in developing countries
development refer to an increase in production capacity
but major transformation in their social and economic
structure.

22. Mair and Baldwin: the process whereby an economy real
national income increase over a long period of time and of the
rate of development is greater than the population growth ,
then per capita income will increase and that real real
development.
Biddle and giddle: development is a socio economic process b y
which human being can become more competent to live with a
gain some control over the confronting socio economic
problems and get a way of progress.

23. Two factors determine the
process of socio- economic
development
1.Economic factor
2.Non- economic factor

24. a. Natural resources: it is the principal factor affecting the
process of development.
A country enrich with resources develop rapidly.
b. Capital accumulation: It is increase in the capital stock
of the country e.g. domestic resources and external
resources.
C. Labor: the more educated , skilled , healthy and well
nourished labor force and the greater will be productivity.

25. d. Power resources: it is the
foundation of economic
development. Include energy
of different kinds.

26. e. Technological factor: Technology has brought
tremendous changes in all aspects of human life.
The pattern of life has got change due to advance
technology.
Technology enter into every sector and brought
tremendous changes and development in every sector
e.g. Farm
mechanization, industrialization, transportation, comm
unication, technical IT
education, commercialization, construction and work
technology.
In short we can say that technology produce
development and development enhance technology.

27. a. Educational factor: The most important factor in
bringing change and economic development in the
country. Provide specialized labour for market.
Improved technical skills. Make attitudes favorable to
accept changes.
b. Social factor: social attitudes, value and institutions
influence socio economic changes and development.
Traditional attitudes, values and customs are consider
great obstacles in socio economic change and
development.
c. Political factor : It is an important variable in socio
economic change and development.
A stable government can introduce for reaching reforms in
all social as well as economic sectors for speeding up the
economic development in a country.

28. Rostow - Stages of Growth
1. Traditional Society
 Characterised by
 subsistence economy –
output not traded or
recorded
 high levels of agriculture
and labour intensive
agriculture
 Wealth allocated to non-
productive activities
(religious, military
 China, civilization of
middle east

29. Rostow - Stages of Growth
2. Pre-conditions:
 An elite group
initiates development
 Investments in
technology and
infrastructure
 Commercialization of
agriculture

30. Rostow - Stages of Growth
At this stage, industrial growth may be linked to
primary industries. The level of technology
required will be low.
3. Take off:
 Increasing industrialization
in limited areas (food or
textiles)
 Foreign investment increases
 Infrastructure improvements
 Some regional growth
 Economy still dominated by
traditional practices
 Value, traditional social
structure are overcome

31. Rostow - Stages of Growth
As the economy matures, technology plays an
increasing role in developing high value added
products.
4. Drive to Maturity:
 Develops broad
manufacturing and
commercial base
 Industry more
diversified
 Increase in levels of
technology utilized

32. Rostow - Stages of Growth
Service industry dominates the economy –
banking, insurance, finance, marketing, entertain
ment, leisure and so on.
5. High mass
consumption
 High output levels
 Mass consumption of
consumer durables
 High proportion of
employment in service
sector

33. Stage 5: early 20th century
Stage 4: late 19th century
Stage 3: middle of 19th century
Stage 2: first half of 19th century
Stage 1: prior to independence