Broadcast is an important operation in wireless ad hoc networks where control information is usually propagated as broadcasts for the realization of most networking protocols. In traditional ad hoc networks

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BRACER: A DISTRIBUTED BROADCAST PROTOCOL IN MULTI-HOP COGNITIVE
RADIO AD HOC NETWORKS WITH COLLISION AVOIDANCE
ABSTRACT:
Broadcast is an important operation in wireless ad hoc networks where control
information is usually propagated as broadcasts for the realization of most networking protocols.
In traditional ad hoc networks, since the spectrum availability is uniform, broadcasts are
delivered via a common channel which can be heard by all users in a network. However, in
cognitive radio (CR) ad hoc networks, different unlicensed users may acquire different available
channel sets. This non-uniform spectrum availability imposes special design challenges for
broadcasting in CR ad hoc networks. In this paper, a fully-distributed BRoAdcast protocol in
multihop CognitivE Radio ad hoc networks with collision avoidance, BRACER, is proposed. In
our design, we consider practical scenarios that each unlicensed user is not assumed to be aware
of the global network topology, the spectrum availability information of other users, and time
synchronization information. By intelligently downsizing the original available channel set and
designing the broadcasting sequences and scheduling schemes, our proposed broadcast protocol
can provide very high successful broadcast ratio while achieving very short average broadcast
delay. It can also avoid broadcast collisions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work
that addresses the unique broadcasting challenges in multi-hop CR ad hoc networks with
collision avoidance.

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
Broadcast is an important operation in ad hoc networks, especially in distributed multi-
hop multi-channel networks. Control information exchange among nodes, such as channel
availability and routing information, is crucial for the realization of most networking protocols in
an ad hoc network. This control information is often sent out as network-wide broadcasts,
messages that are sent to all other nodes in a network.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
We introduce the proposed broadcast protocol for multi-hop CR ad hoc networks,
BRACER. There are three components of the proposed BRACER protocol:
1) The construction of the broadcasting sequences.
2) The distributed broadcast scheduling scheme.
3) The broadcast collision avoidance scheme.
We assume that a time-slotted system is adopted for SUs, where the length of a time slot
is long enough to transmit a broadcast packet. In addition, we assume that the locations of SUs
are static. We also assume that each SU knows the locations of its all 2-hop neighbors. We claim
that this is a more valid assumption than the knowledge of global network topology.

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
• Hard Disk : 40 GB.
• Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
• Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
• Mouse : Logitech.
• RAM : 256 Mb.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Operating system : - Windows XP.
• Front End : - JSP
• Back End : - SQL Server