15. PPuurree RRiisskk vvss SSppeeccuullaattiivvee RRiisskk
Pure Risk Speculative Risk
Pure risk exists when there is uncertainty
as to whether loss will occur.
A category of risk in which loss is the only
possible outcome; there is no beneficial
result.
Speculative risk exists when there is
uncertainty about an event that could
produce either a profit or a loss.
A category of risk that, when undertaken,
results in an uncertain degree of gain or
loss.
· No possibility of gain is presented by pure
risk – only the potential for loss.
· Gains as well as losses may occur, changing
the nature of the uncertainty that is present.
· Examples :
o Home insurance can be used to protect
homeowners from the risk that their
homes will be destroyed.
o The uncertainty of damage to property
by fire or flood
o The prospect of premature death caused
by accident or illness
· Examples:
o Business ventures
o Investment decisions
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16. Diversifiable vvss NNoonn DDiivveerrssiiffiiaabbllee
Diversifiable Risk Non-diversifiable Risk
Risk that is, in the limit, eliminated by combining a
large number of assets in a portfolio.
Risk that can be eliminated through
diversification.
Also called Unsystematic Risk or controllable risk.
The risk inherent to the entire market or entire
market segment.
Also known as "systematic risk" or "market risk."
It results from the occurrence of random events
such as labor strikes, lawsuits, or loss of key
accounts.
Business, liquidity, and default risks fall into this
category.
It is assumed that any investor can create a
portfolio in which this type of risk is completely
eliminated through diversification.
For example, a sudden strike by the employees of
a company you have shares in, is considered to
be an unsystematic risk.
Interest rates, recession and wars all represent
sources of systematic risk because they will
affect the entire market and cannot be avoided
through diversification.
Whereas this type of risk affects a broad range of
securities, unsystematic risk affects a very
specific group of securities or an individual
security.
Systematic risk can be mitigated only by being
hedged.
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19. Level of Uncertainty Characteristics Examples
None (certainty) Outcomes can be
predicted with precision
Physical laws, natural
sciences
Level 1 (objective
uncertainty
Outcomes are identified
and probabilities are
known
Games of chance : cards,
dice, risk of loss of life
Level 2 (subjective
uncertainty)
Outcomes are identified
but probabilities are
unknown
Fire, motor vehicle
accident, many
investments
Level 3 Outcomes are not fully
identified and
probabilities are unknown
Space exploration,
genetic research
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