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Bridge facts
- 1. Bridge Type SelectionBridge Type Selection And Engineering OverviewAnd Engineering Overview
- 2. "When the history of our time is written, posterity will know us not by a cathedral or temple, but by a bridge." - Montgomery Schuyler, 1877 writing about the Brooklyn Bridge
- 4. Typical Bridge Process ●●Bridge Design ●● ●Bridge Type Study ●ROD ●Preferred Alignment/Location ●●Public Hearings ●●●●●●●●●●Stakeholder/Community Input Final DesignPreliminary Design NEPA EIS & Location Study
- 5. Bridge Design Process ?? ?? ?? Bridge Concepts Geotechnical Investigation Hydraulic Design Design Surveys Alignment Concepts Preliminary Alignment Identify Potential Bridge Types EIS / Agency Review & Approval ROD Structural Design Plan Preparation Preliminary Bridge Design Construction
- 6. Bridge Design Process ?? ?? ?? Bridge Concepts Geotechnical Investigation Hydraulic Design Design Surveys Alignment Concepts Preliminary Alignment Identify Potential Bridge Types EIS / Agency Review & Approval ROD Structural Design Plan Preparation Preliminary Bridge Design Construction
- 7. Identify Potential Bridge Types for Each Alignment Screen • Preliminary Design • Quantities • Cost Estimates • Construction Costs Screen Screening Criteria • Engineering Constraints • Aesthetics • Contextual Integration • Costs • Environmental Impacts • Agency Input • Stakeholder Input Possible Bridge Types Feasible Bridge Types Selected Bridge Types Typical Bridge Type Selection Process
- 9. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 Concrete Slab PPC Double-Tee PPC I-/ U-Beam Conc.Spl.Girder Segmental Concrete Steel Girder Steel Truss Tied/ True Arch Cable Stay Suspension Possible Spans Optimal Spans Bridge Types & Optimal Span Lengths 25’ – 40’ 40’ – 60’ 40’ – 125’ 125’ – 350’ 150’ – 500’ 150’ – 450’ 400’ – 1000’ 400’ – 1200’ 750’ – 2000’ 1500’ – 3000’ +
- 10. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 Concrete Slab PPC Double-Tee PPC I-/ U-Beam Conc.Spl.Girder Segmental Concrete Steel Girder Steel Truss Tied/ True Arch Cable Stay Suspension Bridge Types & Optimal Span Lengths 25’ – 40’ 40’ – 60’ 40’ – 125’ 125’ – 350’ 150’ – 500’ 150’ – 450’ 400’ – 1000’ 400’ – 1200’ 750’ – 2000’ 1500’ – 3000’ + Possible Spans Optimal Spans Minimum Main Span SDEIS Spans
- 11. Abernethy Bridge, 1970 – Steel Haunched Girder Girder Bridges
- 12. Girder Bridges
- 13. Girder Bridges • Steel or Concrete • I-Girders or Box Girders • Easy to fabricate • Easy to erect • Replaceable slab • Redundancy • Unobstructed motorist view • Longer spans require deeper sections • Longer spans may require temporary falsework for erection • Easy to widen in the future
- 15. Segmental Concrete Bridges • Cast-in-Place vs. Precast • Erected in segments without falsework • Balanced Cantilever vs. Span by Span • Durability and maintenance • Deck integral with structure • Efficient for long spans/bridge lengths • Difficult to widen in the future
- 16. Truss Bridges
- 17. Truss Bridges Sellwood Br. (1925) - Deck Truss Broadway Br. (1913) - Through Truss (double-leaf bascule center span) Marquam Br. (1966) - Deck Truss
- 18. Truss Bridges
- 19. Truss Bridges • Economical for longer spans vs. Girder Bridges • Thru Truss vs. Deck Truss • Prevalent for Oregon crossings 1920s-1930s • Thru truss allows reduced section under the deck • Potentially higher maintenance and inspection costs • Difficult to widen in the future
- 20. Arch Bridges
- 21. Arch Bridges Ross Island Br. (1926) - Deck Trussed Arch Fremont Br. (1973) - Continuous Through Arch Sauvie Island Br. (200?) - Tied Arch (behind)
- 22. Arch Bridges
- 23. Arch Bridges • Thru Arch vs. Deck Arch • True (Thrust) Arch vs. Tied Arch • Steel vs. Concrete • Foundation Requirements • Erection: Tiebacks, Float-in • Replaceable Deck • Difficult to widen in the future
- 26. Cable-Stayed Bridges • Successor to the suspension bridge for spans up to 2000-ft • Greater stiffness • Steel vs. Concrete • Roadway deck integral to structure • Cantilevered construction helps environmental impacts • Difficult to widen in the future
- 27. Suspension Bridges St. Johns Bridge (1931) – Suspension Bridge
- 29. Suspension Bridges • Economical for long spans over 2000-ft • Efficient use of material • Well known construction method • Highest cost among cable-supported bridges • Susceptible to dynamic vibrations • Higher maintenance and inspection costs • Difficult to widen in the future
- 30. Moveable Bridges
- 31. Moveable Bridges Morrison Bridge (1958) – Double Leaf Bascule Burnside Bridge (1926) – Double Leaf BasculeBroadway Bridge (1913) – Double Leaf Bascule Steel Bridge (1912) – Vertical Lift Bridge
- 32. Moveable Bridges Hawthorne Bridge (1910) – Vertical Lift Bridge
- 33. Moveable Bridges
- 34. Movable Bridges • Low rise bridge shortens the overall crossing length • Well known bridge type • Difficult to achieve desired bridge aesthetics • Marine traffic typically has priority over bridge traffic • Higher maintenance and inspection costs • Difficult to widen in the future • Poor seismic performance