1. By: Arief Imam .F.
4SAO4

2. 


Saying exactly what someone has said.
Characteristic: What a person says
appears within quotation marks ("...") and
should be word for word.
Example: He said,"I live in Paris."

3. 


Refers to a sentence reporting what
someone has said.
Characteristic: The tense usually changes.
This is because when we use reported
speech, we are usually talking about a
time in the past (because obviously the
person who spoke originally spoke in the
past). The verbs therefore usually have to
be in the past too.
Example: He said he lived in Paris

4. 

Rule: When changing from direct speech to
indirect speech,it is often necessary to change
the pronouns to match the subject of the
sentence.
Example: ─ She said, “I want bring my children.”
─ She said she wanted bring her children


Rule: Important to change time words
(signifiers) when referring to present, past
or future time to match the moment of
speaking.
Example: ─ She said,"I want to bring my children
tomorrow.“
─ She said she wanted to bring her children
the next day.

5. Simple Present
Simple Past
He said,"I live in Paris."
He said he lived in Paris
Present Perfect Continous
Past Perfect Continous
She said, "I have been teaching
English for seven years."
She said she had been teaching
English for seven years.
Past Perfect Continous
Past Perfect Continous
She said, "I'd already been
teaching for five minutes."
She said she'd already been
teaching for five minutes.

6. Direction: Change the direct speech into indirect
speech.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She said, “I want to bring my children.”
Lala said,"I have visited London twice.“
“ I watch TV everyday.” Imam said.
Alina said,"do you want to come with me ?“
“Johan has been writting a novel since 1996.”
Karlita said.