2. FDDI
âą Similar to IEEE802.5, but runs on fiber instead of copper.
Physical Properties
â FDDI consist of dual ring.
âą Two independent rings that transmit data in opposite direction.
âą Second ring is not used during normal operation. But work when primary link
fails.
â Allows nodes to attach to the network using single cable.
âą Called as single attachment station (SAS).
â Concentrator is used to connect multiple SAS
3. FDDI
âą Concentrator detects the failure of the SAS.
â By using optical bypass, it keeps the ring connected.
âą Network adaptor holds some number of bits between input and
output interface.
â Variable size buffer (never less than 9 bits nor more than 80bits)
âą Station transmits an amount equal to half the buffer
4. FDDI
Example: 100 Mbps FDDI
â 10 ns for bit time
âą Each station 10 bit buffer â waits until buffer half full before
transmitting
â station introduces 50 ns delay into TRT
âą Network size is limited to 500 stations with a maximum distance
of 200km.
âą Uses 4B/5B encoding.
5. FDDI
Timed Token Algorithm
âą to give a opportunity to the node, to transmit a frame with in a
certain amount of time,
â It sets an upper bound on TRT (Token Rotation time) observed by any
node.
â Target Token Rotation time (TTRT) â all node are agree to live with in the
TTRT
âą Each node measures the time between the successive arrival of the
token called measured TRT.
If measured TRT > TTRT
â Token is late and node does not transmit any data.
If measured TRT < TTRT
â Token is earlier and the node can hold the token for the (TTRT â measured
TRT) and transmit data.
â down stream station may not be able to transmit.
6. Provides two class of traffic,
â Synchronous
â Asynchronous
Synchronous:
â Traffic is delay sensitive
â station transmits data whether token is late or early
â Eg., Voice and Video
Asynchronous:
â Station transmits only if token is early.
â Eg., File transfer
Token Maintenance
â Process of setting TTRT.
â Monitor ring to ensure token has not been lost.
â Idle time between valid transmissions that a given node experiences is
âą ring latency + time to transmit a full frame
âą 2.5 ms maximally sized ring
â Each node sets a timer event that fires after 2.5ms.
7. â If the timer expires, the node suspects a failure
âą Then transmits a âclaimâ frame
âą Bid for the TTRT.
âą Lowest TTRT- holds the token & inserting a valid token.
â After every valid transmission, node resets the timer back to 2.5ms.
Frame Format: