6b declaration of independence

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SOL USI.6b The Declaration of Independence Lisa Pennington Social Studies Instructional Specialist Portsmouth Public Schools

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1 American Politics and Founding Principles Rypson/iStock Editorial/Thinkstock Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to • Define and compare the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism. • Outline the core American values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. • Analyze the role political philosophy and competing ideologies played in developing foundational documents such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. • Define politics, and analyze what constitutes American politics. • Explain why the term “American values” means different things to different people. • Analyze the relationship between competing interpretations of core values and competing political ideologies, and describe how they shape American politics. fin82797_01_c01_001-022.indd 1 3/24/16 2:32 PM © 2016 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution. In March 2010, Congress passed, and the president signed, the Patient Protection and Afford- able Care Act (PPACA, or ACA), a sweeping reform of the nation’s health care system. Accord- ing to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “The Affordable Care Act increases access to care, makes health insurance more affordable, strengthens Medicare, and ensures that Americans have more rights and protections—and more security that health insurance coverage will be available when it is needed” (2015). The plan requires employers to provide insurance to their employees or face a fine. It also requires individuals to purchase health insurance, with those unable to pay for it receiving government assistance to do so. Indi- viduals with plans valued at more than $18,000 for family coverage pay a fee to help pay the cost of assistance. Individ- uals whose incomes exceed $200,000 and families whose incomes exceed $250,000 pay additional fees, which many criticize as being akin to a tax. Debates over the proposed law were intense and divided along ideological lines. Liberal (left-leaning) supporters maintain that a wealthy industrialized nation such as the United States owes its citizens some measure of universal health care. They argue that individuals lacking insurance, either because their employers do not provide it or because they cannot afford it, should not be denied basic health care. Other industrialized nations, including Canada and Mexico, provide universal health care to citizens and non-citizens alike. Universal health care supporters generally believe that a just society does not allow its citizens to starve, nor does it allow its citizens to go bankrupt because they get sick. The liberal view thus holds that health care reform furthers the core American values of liberty and individual independence by providing greater security. Conservative (right-leaning) opponents, however, view the legislation as a government take- over of the nation’s health care industr.

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