2. 2
Can you imagine the feeling of our ancestors when they get the
intuition of what was the concept of fire?
Creation of new
knowledge
Quest of fire. 1981
3. 3
Researcher knows that a
particular knowledge is
hidden and may be
discovered.
Up. Pixar. 2009
Creation of new
knowledge
14. 14
Singular cases
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION General rule
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
15. 15
Singular cases
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION General rule
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
QUESTION
17. 17
Map of the research for innovation
Singular cases
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
Logics
Always true
General rule
Deductio
n
18. 18
Singular cases
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
Logics
Always true
General rule
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
Conclusion obtained through
deductive reasoning are certain.
Deductio
n
19. 19
Singular cases
General rule
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
Can be true
Logics
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
Inductio
n
20. 20
Singular cases
General rule
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
Can be true
Logics
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
Conclusion obtained through
inductive reasoning are probable,
but not certain.
Inductio
n
21. 21
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle
General rule
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
OBSERVATION
Something ca be understood with more precision and the resulting knowledge will
be useful
QUESTION
What exactly is expected to happen ?
A very specific question
related with the topic of
interest
Managing the
experiment &/or
observations:
Variables, sample,
measurement, etc.
to prove
prediction
General statement about results &
conditions for replication.
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
22. 22
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle Case study Moore’s
law
General rule
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
Most semiconductor
industry forecasters,
including Moore, expect
Moore's law will end by
around 2025
Can we anticipate the level of
improvement of the next generation of
computers?
QUESTION
OBSERVATION
Power of computers increases
gradually
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
23. 23
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle Case study Moore’s
law
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
ATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
QUESTION
Observation
Singular cases
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
Is there a regularity in the
evolution of the capacity of the
computers?
24. 24
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle Case study Moore’s
law
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
ATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
QUESTION
A prediction
General rule
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
Observation
Singular cases
The density of
transistors in
integrated
circuits will
double each
year
25. 25
Improved
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle Case study Moore’s
law
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
ATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
QUESTION
A prediction
General rule
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
The density of
transistors in
integrated
circuits will
double each
18 months
Observation
Singular cases
26. 26
Map of the research for innovation Research cycle Case study Moore’s
law
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
ATION
RESEARCH CYCLE
QUESTION
A prediction
General rule
Inductio
n
Deductio
n
Collection of data to
prove that prediction
is true. Microprocessors
of next year will
nearly double
calculation per
second in the
same space and
cost.
The density of
transistors in
integrated
circuits will
double each 18
months
General rule
Moore’s law
Observation
Singular cases
28. 28
Products, services &
processes
EXPERIENCE
PROTOTYPE
New knowledge
Map of the research for innovation
We see problems
, need etc.
Build a solution and
apply it to solve the
problem and or cover
the need
Learning
Interaction
with
environment
32. 32
Products, services &
processes
CREATIVITY
Abductio
n
EXPERIENCE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY
PROTOTYPE
BUSINESS
New knowledge
Map of the research for innovation. Innovation cycle. Case study Masters and
Johnson
Interaction
with
environment
Own experience and observation of the degree of
secrecy in everything related to sex. A field with much
to discover. People with sexual dysfunctions.
33. 33
Products, services &
processes
CREATIVITY
Abductio
n
EXPERIENCE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY
PROTOTYPE
BUSINESS
New knowledge
Map of the research for innovation. Innovation cycle. Case study Masters and
Johnson
Interaction
with
environment
How does sex works in men and women ?
Knowing how sex works may mean better sex?
How could scientifically be explained what is sex?
…
Own experience and observation of the degree of
secrecy in everything related to sex. A field with much
to discover. People with sexual dysfunctions.
34. 34
Products, services &
processes
CREATIVITY
Abductio
n
EXPERIENCE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY
PROTOTYPE
BUSINESS
New knowledge
Map of the research for innovation. Innovation cycle. Case study Masters and
Johnson
Interaction
with
environment
A laboratory to study and measure real sex among people.
Instruments and protocols necessary to understand the
behaviour of individuals while practicing sex.
35. 35
Products, services &
processes
CREATIVITY
Abductio
n
EXPERIENCE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY
PROTOTYPE
BUSINESS
New knowledge
Map of the research for innovation. Innovation cycle. Case study Masters and
Johnson
Products, services &
processes
New knowledge
HYPOTHESIS
PREDICTION
VALIDATION
QUESTION
RESEARCH CYCLE
INNOVATION CYCLE
36. 36
Map of the research for innovation.
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
37. 37
Map of the research for innovation.
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
SELECTED LIST
Possible questions and ideas to imagine alternatives
that could be applied to solve the problem or fulfil the
need.
OPPORTUNITY
Our experience and capacity of
observation and documentation, that
allows to identify specific problems &/or
latent needs.
“THE THING”
Designed and developed to prove
that the identified solution really
works.
ONE QUESTION
Will this specific type of solution contribute to
solve the problem or to fulfil the need?
ACTUAL VALUE
How the solution is exactly
expected to perform in
solving the problem.
NEW KNOWLEDGE
Associated to the application of
the prototype. “This solution
solves this type of problem under
these conditions.”
TEST
Data to be collected and analysed
to check that the problem is
effectively solved.
5. HYPOTHESIS
38. 38
Map of the research for innovation.
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
SELECTED LIST
Possible questions and ideas to imagine alternatives
that could be applied to solve the problem or fulfil the
need.
OPPORTUNITY
Our experience and capacity of
observation and documentation, that
allows to identify specific problems &/or
latent needs.
“THE THING”
Designed and developed to prove
that the identified solution really
works.
ONE QUESTION
Will this specific type of solution contribute to
solve the problem or to fulfil the need?
ACTUAL VALUE
How the solution is exactly
expected to perform in
solving the problem.
NEW KNOWLEDGE
Associated to the application of
the prototype. “This solution
solves this type of problem under
these conditions.”
TEST
Data to be collected and analysed
to check that the problem is
effectively solved.
Activate y
experience
Focus your creativity
Critical decision
Real work to build a proposal
Academic
proposal
True worth to be soldDeciding research methods
5. HYPOTHESIS
39. 39
Map of the research for innovation.
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
SELECTED LIST
Possible questions and ideas to imagine alternatives
that could be applied to solve the problem or fulfil the
need.
OPPORTUNITY
Our experience and capacity of
observation and documentation, that
allows to identify specific problems &/or
latent needs.
“THE THING”
Designed and developed to prove
that the identified solution really
works.
ONE QUESTION
Will this specific type of solution contribute to
solve the problem or to fulfil the need?
ACTUAL VALUE
How the solution is exactly
expected to perform in
solving the problem.
NEW KNOWLEDGE
Associated to the application of
the prototype. “This solution
solves this type of problem under
these conditions.”
TEST
Data to be collected and analysed
to check that the problem is
effectively solved.
Activate y
experience
Focus your creativity
Critical decision
Real work to build a proposal
Academic
proposal
True worth to be soldDeciding research methods
Diverge
Divergewith
focus
Convergeto
market
Convergeto
value
General
statement
Market
Focus
Research
Focus
5. HYPOTHESIS
40. 40
Map of the research for innovation. Case study Masters and Johnson
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
Sexual satisfaction will
depend, in part, on the
degree of knowledge about
how does sex works.
Knowledge about how sex works
will improve sexual experience.
Particularly orgasm in men and
women are different.
Sex has a lot of aspects to be discovered.
How could scientifically explain what is sex?
Knowing how sex works may mean better sex?
Sex could be related to other issues?
Own sexual experience and
observation of the degree of secrecy
in everything related to sex. Sex was
a field with much to discover. Many
people have sexual dysfunctions.
Laboratory to study and measure
real sex among couples.
Instruments and protocols
necessary to measure the
behaviour of individuals while
practicing sex.
How does physiologically sex
works?
Observing couples while they
have sex, to measure constants
and to interview them bef, dur &
aft.
5. HYPOTHESIS
41. 41
Map of the research for innovation. Case study ArtTap
http://joychen.info/arttap.html
5. HYPOTHESIS
42. 42
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
Visitors will effectively be
engaged in "co-creating" their
visit, & will get more
satisfaction of the whole
experience.
Personalised visitor’s journey, by
involving them in the design of their
museum itinerary will produce a
more engaging experience.
Imagine ways to improve user experience by designing
enriching experiences. This could be organised with
users and museum workers exploring alternatives
together
Observation, interviews, ask
techniques, to understand why museum
visitors do not have rewarding
experiences.
Museums prioritize their content rather
than the experience of visitors.
Building a system combining a
strategy & tools, based in an
app, that creates the value
that allows users to
personalise their visit to the
museum.
How to increase value of visitors whit resources that
contribute to personalise the experience of each visitor?
Measure based in behaviour
observation, in-depth interviews and
surveys of visitors.
5. HYPOTHESIS
Map of the research for innovation. Case study ArtTap
43. 43
Temporal progression Positions Drivers Conceptual framework
Map of the research for innovation. Case study “Innovation in a company”
44. 44
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
5. HYPOTHESIS
People will value innovation &
will be willing to increase their
personal innovation potential.
Making explicit the innovation
potential, with a participatory
strategy may increase
innovation.
How can you get people involved in innovation?
Training-action maybe? People and mangers don't
accept innovation because they are afraid?
Prosperity & innovation.
Motivation of people
involved in innovation &
research (hooking)
Frequent rejection to
innovation.
Construction of an app that allows to
measure the innovation capacity of
an organization in a participative
way.
Questions are for all people in the
organization.
What impact would it have on
organization's if all its members
knew its innovation capacity?
In-depth interview to a random sample
of individuals from the organization bef
& aft
Map of the research for innovation. Case study “Innovation in a company”
45. 45
Map of the research for innovation. Case study “Adherence to treatments”
46. 46
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
5. HYPOTHESIS
Patients do not take their medicines for a variety
of reasons. Why this happens? What could be
done? Patients may have very different profiles.
There is a big problem with
patients' adherence to
treatment. Patients forget to
take their pills often or even
worst they don’t believe on
them.
Classifying patients by
capacity to understand
treatment instructions will
improve at least a 50%
Selection of a group of patients and
follow them to prove adherence
increases.
Classifying patients according to their
capacity to understand treatment
instructions could improve
adherence.
Building a program that allows each
patient to receive a personalized training.
Might exist a treatment information
strategy to provide better advise to
patients.
How does patient’s profile limits capacity to understand
instruction for treatment?
(2. If we could alert the patient when she forgets to take
the pills, would adherence to the treatment improve?)
Map of the research for innovation. Case study “Adherence to treatments”
48. 48
5
4
3
5. HYPOTHESIS7. VALIDATION
2. CREATIVITY
6. PREDICTION
1. EXPERIENCE 4. PROTOTYPE
3. QUESTION
Experiment
Explore
Build
5. HYPOTHESIS
Map of the research for innovation. Case study “Adherence to treatments”
Us podeu imaginar les sensacions dels nostres ancestres quan van sentir la intuïció del que era el concepte del foc?
...Aquestes imatge pertanyen a la pel·lícula “Quest of fire” A la cerca del foc. Es veu el moment en el que suposadament això va succeir.
Aquell que investiga sap que cerca quelcom ocult però que pot ser descobert. Investigar és un joc.
Fer recerca per a la innovació implica una actitud d’exploració i d’experimentació constant. Valorar nous conceptes, nous models i noves eines.
La recerca no està mai exempta de risc, especialment si el que es vol és innovar, és a dir actuar amb esperit transformador.
La recerca pot estar al servei de la innovació (o si es vol connectada amb la innovació)
... donant suport a la creació de nous productes, serveis o processos, les formes de nou coneixement que genera la innovació.
Veurem com les eines i les tècniques de recerca són vitals per explorar, construir i experimentar la innovació mesurant els seus resultats.
Anem a estudiar amb cert detall la recerca, posada en el context de la innovació.
Són de fet els cicles de recerca i d’innovació connectats
Explicarem aquest esquema de forma gradual. Què és la recerca?
La recerca és la producció de nou coneixement
El coneixement que ens interessa és el que esta associat a la creació de nous productes serveis i/o processos
La producció de nou coneixement generalment és la resposta a una pregunta.
Generalment per respondre a la pregunta es planteja una hipòtesi sobre quina podria ser la resposta i es fa un predicció. Les prediccions es posen a prova i si la predicció que s’ha fet no respon de forma adequada, llavors es modifica la hipòtesi, i així anem fent ...
Fins que les proves de les prediccions donen el resultat volgut.
En el procés de recerca haurem treballat amb casos singulars i si tot va bé i el volum de les proves és el que pertoca, llavors la hipòtesi es convertirà en una regla general.
i llavors ja tenim el nou coneixement.
Així de fàcil.
En el cicle de la recerca s’identifiquen dos direccions bàsiques, la deductiva i la inductiva ...
En la deducció, lògica de dalt a baix (top- down) la conclusió a la que s’arriba sempre es certa, perquè simplement s’apliquen unes regles generals per a “deduir” un cas particular.
Un exemple de deducció:
Al voltant d’un 20% dels fumadors patirà càncer de pulmó segons conclouen diversos estudis que s’han fet els darrers gairebé 100 anys. Això és una deducció. De molts casos singulars acumulats s’ha pogut fer una regla general.
El procés d’inducció és de baix cap a dalt i la conclusió a la que s’arriba té una determinada probabilitat de ser certa. Depèn en part de la dimensió dels assaigs que s’hagin fet.
La gent que no fuma, menja bé, i té bons hàbits és provable que estigui sana. Però no és completament segur. Això és una inducció. Es pot portar una vida supersana i emmalaltir.
Caldria acumular molts casos singulars per arribar a establir regles generals.
El que si que seria una deducció és que una vida supersana implica una certa probabilitat de no emmalaltir.
En resum, hi ha quelcom que s’observa que pot ser entès de forma més precisa.
Es formula una pregunta específica relacionada amb les observacions, i es determina una hipòtesis de resposta delimitant les condicions de l’acompliment.
La resposta permet fer prediccions sobre que passarà i
Per validar la hipòtesis s’hauran fet experiments i/o observacions sobre variables, mostres, mesures, etc.
Veiem un exemple que il·lustra bé el cicle de recerca, Al 1965 Gordon Moore va afirmar que el nombre de transistors per unitat d’espai en circuits integrats es duplicava cada any i que la tendència continuaria durant les següents dues dècades.
La pregunta és ben específica: Podem anticipar el nivell de millora de la propera generació d’ordinadors?
Es disposa del primers casos singulars, pocs, però suficients per llençar una primera hipòtesi.
La llei és el resultat d’una inducció. Després d’observar dades uns quants anys Moore arribà a induir el ritme de creixement de la potència dels ordinadors.
Moore responia a la pregunta de recerca de si existia algun ritme constant en l’increment de potència dels ordinadors.
La primera formulació de la llei preveu doncs que la potència dels ordinadors es dobli cada any.
Uns anys més tard, amb més dades, va modificar la seva pròpia llei i va afirmar que la densitat de les dades es doblaria cada 18 mesos. Havia millorat la capacitat de deducció de la seva llei.
Amb totes les dades, la llei es pot considerar, dins de les limitacions corresponents, consolidada.
I així és com es genera nou coneixement pel mètode científic. A partir d’una pregunta concreta, ben definida, es dóna una resposta basada en dades contrastades.
Veiem ara com és l’aproximació per a construir coneixement en clau d’innovació.
En innovació es construeixen prototips, del que sigui, i s’experimenta amb ells per comprovar si resolen la necessitat per la que s’han pensat.
Aquest cicle es repeteix una vegada i un altra, en un cicle d’aprenentatge, fins que la interacció amb l’entorn funciona.
El procés d’aprenentatge es fonamenta en la creativitat, que alimenta una combinació de capacitats i coneixements en disseny, tecnologia i negoci que s’apliquen per a la creació dels prototips.
La creativitat és un procés d’abducció en el que imaginem possibilitats, coses que podrien ser, i que cal experimentar.
I aquest és el cicle d’innovació.
Veiem un exemple d’innovació interessant. El que van fer en el seu moment Masters i Johnson en la seva particular exploració del sexe.
A partir de la pròpia experiència i de l'observació del grau de secret en tot allò relacionat amb el sexe. Veuen que tenen davant un camp amb molt per descobrir i pensen, entre altres coses, que poden ajudar a persones amb disfuncions sexuals.
Comença el procés abductiu ... Les potencial preguntes – respostes
Com funciona el sexe en homes i dones? Saber com funciona el sexe pot significar un sexe millor? Com es pot explicar científicament què és el sexe?
El seu projecte d’innovació esdevé un laboratori per estudiar i mesurar el sexe real entre persones.
Han de crear els instruments i els protocols necessaris per mesurar el comportament de les persones mentre practiquen sexe.
Aprenen al mateix temps que ofereixen nous serveis a parelles amb problemes sexològics.
El cas de Masters and Johnson s’ha triat perquè il·lustra bé la fusió entre els cicles d’innovació i de recerca.
Tot i que la seva motivació estava més en la línia d’innovar amb nous tractament per a les disfuncions sexuals
Entre els coneixements que van contribuir a aflorar hi ha una modelització fisiològica de la resposta sexual en homes i dones. Nou coneixement centífic.
Aquest formulari pot servir per a presentar de forma agregada tot el que s’ha explicat fins aquí, i permet visualitzar conjuntament els dos cicles, el de recerca i el d’innovació.
Aquest formulari presenta de forma agregada tot el que s’ha explicat fins aquí, i permet visualitzar conjuntament els dos cicles, el de recerca i el d’innovació.
Aquest formulari presenta de forma agregada tot el que s’ha explicat fins aquí, i permet visualitzar conjuntament els dos cicles, el de recerca i el d’innovació.
Aquest formulari presenta de forma agregada tot el que s’ha explicat fins aquí, i permet visualitzar conjuntament els dos cicles, el de recerca i el d’innovació.
En cas que s’ha exposat de Masters and Johnson traslladat al formulari
En cas que s’ha exposat de Masters and Johnson traslladat al formulari
En cas que s’ha exposat de Masters and Johnson traslladat al formulari
En cas que s’ha exposat de Masters and Johnson traslladat al formulari
En cas que s’ha exposat de Masters and Johnson traslladat al formulari