The French Revolution began in 1789 due to widespread financial problems and inequality between the three estates in France. The Third Estate, made up of commoners, demanded more representation and convened the Estates General. This led to the formation of the National Assembly and the storming of the Bastille prison on July 14th, 1789. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and took control of the Catholic Church. However, factions developed and the revolution spiraled into the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre, where thousands were executed. The revolution ultimately failed to establish lasting democratic reforms and paved the way for Napoleon's rise to power in 1799.