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• Plant B shows extra
stem elongation over
plant A. Plant A is the
normal plant / control
while plant B is the
variable.
• What is the dependent
variable? Height
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• We agree that plants don’t have a brain.
• Some questions to think about.
– How does a tree know when to drop its leaves?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a plant know when to
grow, and when to remain dormant?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How does a tree know when spring has
arrived and it’s time to create buds?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How can a plant move from one side to
another?
– It doesn’t even have muscles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How does a plant know when to create
flowers, and what color they should be?
• How does a plant know when the flower has
been fertilized and it’s time to make seeds?
• How does a banana know when to ripen?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How does a banana know when to ripen?
“Hey Phyllis” “I’m
getting these strange
marks on my peel.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
– Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young
plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
– Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young
plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
– Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young
plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
– Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young
plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• When does a seed know it’s time to
germinate?
– Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young
plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Does anybody know the answer…?
• Answer: Plant Hormones.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 New Area of Focus: Plant Hormones.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth; distortion,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and
other parts;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and
other parts; prevention or promotion of
stem elongation;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and
other parts; prevention or promotion of
stem elongation; color enhancement of
fruit;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and
other parts; prevention or promotion of
stem elongation; color enhancement of
fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall;
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
flowering; aging; root growth;
distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and
other parts; prevention or promotion of
stem elongation; color enhancement of
fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall;
and many other conditions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Plant hormones are chemicals that affect
aspects of the plants life.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Some plant hormones.
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Do plants move?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plants do move, although this movement is
very little.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! Phototropism in plants. Enjoy the
last few seconds?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2Pmjj
OFNwU
 Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud
dormancy.
 Phototropism: When plants grow toward a
light source.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud
dormancy.
 Phototropism: When plants grow toward a
light source.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• A plant moves by elongating the cells on
the opposite side of light, causing the plant
to bend toward the light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants.
– Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend
toward the light.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants.
– Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend
toward the light.
– What part of your body elongates /
stretches, and which shrinks in?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the
elongation and contraction occurs on a
cellular level.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the
elongation and contraction occurs on a
cellular level.
Shorted
Cells
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the
elongation and contraction occurs on a
cellular level.
Elongated
Cells
Shorted
Cells
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Auxin also…
– Stimulates cell division.
– Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem
– Response of bending in response to gravity
and light.
– Delays growth of lateral buds.
– Can induce fruit setting and growth in some
plants.
– Delays fruit ripening.
– Stimulates growth of flower parts.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which plant was given extra gibberellin
hormones?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which plant was given extra gibberellin
hormones?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant B shows extra
stem elongation over
plant A.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant B shows extra
stem elongation over
plant A. Plant A is the
normal plant / control
while plant B is the
variable.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant B shows extra
stem elongation over
plant A. Plant A is the
normal plant / control
while plant B is the
variable.
• What is the dependent
variable?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Plant B shows extra
stem elongation over
plant A. Plant A is the
normal plant / control
while plant B is the
variable.
• What is the dependent
variable? Height
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Gibberellins: Make stems longer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“My mom gave a
lot of gibberellins
as a young
sprout and look
what happened.”
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Gibberellins also…
– Stimulates flowering in
response to long days.
– Breaks seed dormancy
– Induces maleness in
some flowers (sex
expression).
– Can cause fruit
development.
– Can delay dropping of
leaves and citrus fruits.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Cytokinins: Promotes cell division. They
are produced in growing areas like the
tips.
Root Tip
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Abscisic Acid: Opens and closes
stomata, has role in seed dormancy.
• Note: Stomata are small pores (openings)
for gas exchange.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note: Stomata are small pores (openings)
for gas exchange.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Note: Stomata are small pores (openings)
for gas exchange.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Abscisic Acid…
– Inhibits shoot growth.
– Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins.
– Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an
injured plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Abscisic Acid…
– Inhibits shoot growth.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Abscisic Acid…
– Inhibits shoot growth.
– Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins.
– Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an
injured plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Abscisic Acid…
– Inhibits shoot growth.
– Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins.
– Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an
injured plant.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does the one bad apple do…?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does the one bad apple do…?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does the one bad apple do…?
– Why?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What does the one bad apple do…?
– Why?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• One bad apple spoils the bunch because that
bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which
causes the others to ripen.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• One bad apple spoils the bunch because that
bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which
causes the others to ripen.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• One bad apple spoils the bunch because that
bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which
causes the others to ripen.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• One bad apple spoils the bunch because that
bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which
causes the others to ripen.
– Remove ripe fruit from the bunch to keep fruit
longer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• One bad apple spoils the bunch because that
bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which
causes the others to ripen.
– Remove ripe fruit from the bunch to keep fruit
longer.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ethelyene: A gas that promotes fruit
ripening.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Ethylene also…
– Stimulates the release of seed dormancy.
– Stimulates shoot and root growth.
– Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission.
– Creates femaleness in flowers.
– Stimulates flower opening.
– Stimulates flower and leaf dying.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity (Optional) Root
Growth,
• Cut leaf close to the stem.
– African Violet works well, many
other species that propagate
from cuttings can be explored.
• Add fertilizer to some water in
a container.
• Cover with foil and make
small hole for the stem.
• Slide leaf stem into hole so it
touches the water.
• Root growth will appear in a
few weeks.
• Activity (Optional) Root
Growth,
• Cut leaf close to the stem.
– African Violet works well, many
other species that propagate
from cuttings can be explored.
• Add fertilizer to some water in
a container.
• Cover with foil and make
small hole for the stem.
• Slide leaf stem into hole so it
touches the water.
• Root growth will appear in a
few weeks.
• Class poll, Are plants more
complicated, and perform exciting
processes that you never thought of until
studying plant hormones.
Yes _______ No __________
Learn more about plant hormones (Advanced) at…
http://www.plant-hormones.info/ Easier at…
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/145.html
• You should be close to page 6 in your
bundle.
• Activity! Young Plants Review Game
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and figure out what picture is beneath
the boxes.
– Raise your hand when you know. You only
get one guess.
• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to
NABT and NSTA)
• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=
1
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j
ournal=tst
.
Please visit at least one of the “learn
more” educational links provided in this
unit and complete this worksheet
• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and
Literacy Opportunity Worksheet
– Visit some of the many provided links or..
– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT
and NSTA)
• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=1
• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo
urnal=tst
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Website Link:
•Areas of Focus in The Plant Unit:
•Plant photo tour, Plant Evolution, Importance of
Algae, Lichens, The Three Types of Lichens, Non-Vascular
Plants, Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns), Seeds, Seed
Dormancy, Factors that Break Seed Dormancy, Germination, Parts
of a Young Plant, Monocots and Dicots, Roots and Water, Types of
Roots, Water Uptake and Photosynthesis, Plant Hormones, Types of
Plant Tissues, Xylem and Phloem, Woody Plants, Leaves, Light and
Plants, Transpiration, Guard Cells, Leaf Identification, Plant Life
Cycles, Seed Plant Life Cycles, Parts of a Flower, Matured Ovaries
(Fruits), Types of Fruit and much more.
•Full unit can be found at…
•http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
• This PowerPoint is one small part of my Botany
Unit. This unit includes….
– A 5 part 2,700 slide PowerPoint roadmap full of built-in
hands-on activities, quizzes, projects, and much more.
– 13 page bundled homework package that chronological
follows the slideshow, modified version, answer keys, and
detailed lesson notes.
– 2 PowerPoint Review Games with answers, videos
links, rubrics, crosswords, projects, curriculum
guides, materials lists, and much more.
– http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The
River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and
Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and The
Science Skills Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human
Body Systems and Health Topics Unit
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Please visit the links below to learn more
about each of the units in this curriculum
– These units take me about four years to complete
with my students in grades 5-10.
Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html
Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html
Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html
Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html
= Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult
5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade
Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.
html
Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html
Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html
Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Human Body / Health Topics
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html
Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html
Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html
Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html
Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html
Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm
Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html
• Thank you for your time and interest in this
curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on
how a unit works and link to the many unit previews
to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled
homework, review games, unit notes, and much
more. Thank you for your interest and please feel
free to contact me with any questions you may have.
Best wishes.
• Sincerely,
• Ryan Murphy M.Ed
• ryemurf@gmail.com
• The entire four year curriculum can be found at...
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to
contact me with any questions you may have.
Thank you for your interest in this curriculum.
Sincerely,
Ryan Murphy M.Ed
www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

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Plant Hormones, Botany, Biology Lesson PowerPoint

  • 1. • Plant B shows extra stem elongation over plant A. Plant A is the normal plant / control while plant B is the variable. • What is the dependent variable? Height Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 2. • We agree that plants don’t have a brain.
  • 3. • Some questions to think about. – How does a tree know when to drop its leaves? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 4. • When does a plant know when to grow, and when to remain dormant? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 5. • How does a tree know when spring has arrived and it’s time to create buds? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 6. • How can a plant move from one side to another? – It doesn’t even have muscles. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 7. • How does a plant know when to create flowers, and what color they should be?
  • 8. • How does a plant know when the flower has been fertilized and it’s time to make seeds?
  • 9. • How does a banana know when to ripen? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 10. • How does a banana know when to ripen? “Hey Phyllis” “I’m getting these strange marks on my peel.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 11. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 12. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 13. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 14. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 15. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 16. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 17. • Does anybody know the answer…?
  • 18. • Answer: Plant Hormones. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 19.  New Area of Focus: Plant Hormones. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 20. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 21. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 22. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 23. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 24. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 25. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 26. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 27. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 28. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 29. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall; Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 30. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 31.  Plant hormones are chemicals that affect aspects of the plants life. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 32.  Some plant hormones.  -  -  -  -  - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 33. • Do plants move? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 34. • Plants do move, although this movement is very little. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 35. • Video! Phototropism in plants. Enjoy the last few seconds? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2Pmjj OFNwU
  • 36.  Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud dormancy.  Phototropism: When plants grow toward a light source. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 37.  Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud dormancy.  Phototropism: When plants grow toward a light source. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 38. • A plant moves by elongating the cells on the opposite side of light, causing the plant to bend toward the light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 39. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 40. • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 41. • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. – Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend toward the light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 42. • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. – Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend toward the light. – What part of your body elongates / stretches, and which shrinks in? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 43. • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 44. • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Shorted Cells Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 45. • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Elongated Cells Shorted Cells Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 46. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 47. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 48. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 49. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 50. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 51. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 52. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 53. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 54. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 55. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 56. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 57. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 58. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 59. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 60. • Which plant was given extra gibberellin hormones? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 61. • Which plant was given extra gibberellin hormones? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 62. • Plant B shows extra stem elongation over plant A. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 63. • Plant B shows extra stem elongation over plant A. Plant A is the normal plant / control while plant B is the variable. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 64. • Plant B shows extra stem elongation over plant A. Plant A is the normal plant / control while plant B is the variable. • What is the dependent variable? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 65. • Plant B shows extra stem elongation over plant A. Plant A is the normal plant / control while plant B is the variable. • What is the dependent variable? Height Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 66.  Gibberellins: Make stems longer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 67. “My mom gave a lot of gibberellins as a young sprout and look what happened.”
  • 68. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 69. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 70. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 71. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 72. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 73. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 74.  Cytokinins: Promotes cell division. They are produced in growing areas like the tips. Root Tip Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 75.  Abscisic Acid: Opens and closes stomata, has role in seed dormancy.
  • 76. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 77. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 78. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 79. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. – Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins. – Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an injured plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 80. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 81. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. – Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins. – Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an injured plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 82. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. – Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins. – Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an injured plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 83. • What does the one bad apple do…? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 84. • What does the one bad apple do…? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 85. • What does the one bad apple do…? – Why? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 86. • What does the one bad apple do…? – Why? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 87. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 88. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 89. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 90. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. – Remove ripe fruit from the bunch to keep fruit longer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 91. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. – Remove ripe fruit from the bunch to keep fruit longer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 92.  Ethelyene: A gas that promotes fruit ripening. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 93. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 94. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 95. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 96. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 97. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 98. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 99. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 100. • Activity (Optional) Root Growth, • Cut leaf close to the stem. – African Violet works well, many other species that propagate from cuttings can be explored. • Add fertilizer to some water in a container. • Cover with foil and make small hole for the stem. • Slide leaf stem into hole so it touches the water. • Root growth will appear in a few weeks.
  • 101. • Activity (Optional) Root Growth, • Cut leaf close to the stem. – African Violet works well, many other species that propagate from cuttings can be explored. • Add fertilizer to some water in a container. • Cover with foil and make small hole for the stem. • Slide leaf stem into hole so it touches the water. • Root growth will appear in a few weeks.
  • 102. • Class poll, Are plants more complicated, and perform exciting processes that you never thought of until studying plant hormones. Yes _______ No __________ Learn more about plant hormones (Advanced) at… http://www.plant-hormones.info/ Easier at… http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/145.html
  • 103. • You should be close to page 6 in your bundle.
  • 104. • Activity! Young Plants Review Game Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 105. • Try and figure out what picture is beneath the boxes. – Raise your hand when you know. You only get one guess.
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  • 130. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT and NSTA) • http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p= 1 • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j ournal=tst . Please visit at least one of the “learn more” educational links provided in this unit and complete this worksheet
  • 131. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT and NSTA) • http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=1 • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo urnal=tst
  • 133.
  • 134. •Areas of Focus in The Plant Unit: •Plant photo tour, Plant Evolution, Importance of Algae, Lichens, The Three Types of Lichens, Non-Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns), Seeds, Seed Dormancy, Factors that Break Seed Dormancy, Germination, Parts of a Young Plant, Monocots and Dicots, Roots and Water, Types of Roots, Water Uptake and Photosynthesis, Plant Hormones, Types of Plant Tissues, Xylem and Phloem, Woody Plants, Leaves, Light and Plants, Transpiration, Guard Cells, Leaf Identification, Plant Life Cycles, Seed Plant Life Cycles, Parts of a Flower, Matured Ovaries (Fruits), Types of Fruit and much more. •Full unit can be found at… •http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
  • 135. • This PowerPoint is one small part of my Botany Unit. This unit includes…. – A 5 part 2,700 slide PowerPoint roadmap full of built-in hands-on activities, quizzes, projects, and much more. – 13 page bundled homework package that chronological follows the slideshow, modified version, answer keys, and detailed lesson notes. – 2 PowerPoint Review Games with answers, videos links, rubrics, crosswords, projects, curriculum guides, materials lists, and much more. – http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
  • 136.
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  • 139. • More Units Available at… Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit. Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and The Science Skills Unit. Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
  • 140. • Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum – These units take me about four years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult 5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade
  • 141. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html
  • 142. • Thank you for your time and interest in this curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on how a unit works and link to the many unit previews to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled homework, review games, unit notes, and much more. Thank you for your interest and please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Best wishes. • Sincerely, • Ryan Murphy M.Ed • ryemurf@gmail.com
  • 143. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com