1. DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE STREAMING
OVER HTTP @ ITEC
Christopher Müller, Stefan Lederer and Christian
Timmerer
Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt (AAU)  Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI)
Institute of Information Technology (ITEC)  Multimedia Communication (MMC)
19.03.2012
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2. AGENDA
 (Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
 Dataset & DASHEncoder
 Peer-Assisted DASH
 DASH under Vehicular Mobility
 DASH @ ITEC
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3. MOTIVATION
 HTTP Streaming has become very popular on
the Internet
 Media encoded a several bitrates, resolutions etc.
 Clients request portions of the media due to
bandwidth conditions on-demand
 Easy to use existing CDN structure
 No NAT/Firewall issues due to HTTP
 Various technologies
 BUT: no standard in use!
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4. DASH ARCHITECTURE
I. Sodagar, “The MPEG-DASH Standard for Multimedia Streaming Over the
Internet”, IEEE Multimedia, IEEE MultiMedia, October–December 2011, pp. 62–
67.
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5. AGENDA
 (Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
 Dataset & DASHEncoder
 Peer-Assisted DASH
 DASH under Vehicular Mobility
 DASH @ ITEC
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6. DATASET
 Dataset with DASH Content
 Long sequences in high quality
 Various segment-length versions
 Free available for DASH experiments
 PSNR values per frame
 Problem: Content Rights
 CC-Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC-BY 2.0) License or similar
 Free to Share, Free to Remix
 Note: YouTube introduces CC-BY in June 2011!
 Negotiation with content owner
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7. DATASET SEQUENCES
Name Source Quality Length Genre
Big Buck Bunny 1080p YUV 09:46 Animation
Elephants Dream 1080p YUV 10:54 Animation
Red Bull Playstreets 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 01:37:28 Sport
The Swiss Account 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 57:34 Sport
Valkaama 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 01:33:05 Movie
Of Forest and Men SD 10:53 Movie
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8. DASH DATASET
SEQUENCES
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9. DASH CONTENT TYPES
 Bitrates from 50 kbit/s. to 8 Mbit/s.
 Segment Size:
 Seconds: 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15
 File Organization
 Segmented
 One file per representation, Byte Range Requests
 e.g.: Big Buck Bunny
 120 Encodings needed
 Only 6 DASH Encoder runs
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10. DASH ENCODER
• h.264: x264 / ffmpeg
• AAC: ffmpeg
Encode • [VP8/Webm encoding]
• MP4Box: Video / Audio / Video + Audio
• [Webm segmentation]
Container
• Generate one MPD
• Subfolder Organization
• MPD Variation (Byte Range Requests,etc.)
MPD
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11. NON-/PERSISTENT CONN.
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12. BENEFITS OF THE DATASET?
 Public available and free DASH content
 Common basis for evaluations
 DASH Implementations, Stream Switching Algorithms, Network
and Cache Configurations, ...
 Enables objective comparison of research results
 Also used in the Peer Assisted Streaming evaluation
 Provides usefull hints and practices of DASH content
generation
 Publication:
S. Lederer, C. Müller and C. Timmerer, “Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
Dataset”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems Conference 2012, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, February 22-24, 2012.
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13. AGENDA
 (Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
 Dataset & DASHEncoder
 Peer-Assisted DASH
 DASH under Vehicular Mobility
 DASH @ ITEC
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14. PEER ASSISTED STREAMING
 Clients offer their downloaded segments
 Segment requests are monitored by server
 Integration in DASH MPD for future clients
 Reduction of server load: Goal 10 - 20 %
 Peer Traffic
 Unsymmetrical network connection
 Bottleneck: low upload resources
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15. PEER ASSISTED STREAMING
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16. EVALUATION
 OMNet++
 Simulation framework
 INET framework for protocol stack
 HTTP Client/Server implementation
 DASH Client
 MPD Generator + Segment Tracker using external
MySQL Database
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17. EVALUATION SETTINGS
Bitrate Resolution
101 kbit/s. 320x240
201 kbit/s. 480x360
395 kbit/s. 480x360
700 kbit/s. 854x480
1172 kbit/s. 853x480
1992 kbit/s. 1280x720
2995 kbit/s. 1920x1080
3992 kbit/s. 1920x1080
4979 kbit/s. 1920x1080
5936 kbit/s. 1920x1080
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18. SIMULATION RESULTS - SERVER
- 15 % - 25 %
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19. MAJOR FINDINGS
 First evaluation simulation:
 Up to 25 % bandwidth savings
 Directly convertable to CDN cost reduction
 Much more possibilities
 Intelligent client clustering in larger scale
environments
 Peer management & download algorithm
improvements
 MPD update improvements
S. Lederer, C. Müller and C. Timmerer, “Peer-Assisted Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP - System Design and Evaluation”, Packet Video Workshop 2012 (PV
2012), München, Germany, May 10-11, 2012 (to appear).
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20. AGENDA
 (Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
 Dataset & DASHEncoder
 Peer-Assisted DASH
 DASH under Vehicular Mobility
 DASH @ ITEC
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21. METHODOLOGY
 Experiment 1 / Track 1 (601 seconds)
 Drive on the freeway A2, passing by the city of Villach in the
direction to Klagenfurt.
 Experiment 2 / Track 2 (575 seconds)
 From the Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt on the freeway A2 until
the service area around Techelsberg.
 Experiment 3 / Track 3 (599 seconds)
 From the service area around Techelsberg on the freeway A2 to the
exit of Klagenfurt.
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22. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
 Bandwidth Shaping Node
 Ubuntu 11.04
 Linux Hierarchical Token Bucket (htb)
 Available bandwidth will be adjusted every 2 seconds
 Network Emulation Node
 Emulates a round trip time of 150ms
 Server
 Server based on Windows Server 2008 and IIS
 Client
 Windows or Linux depending on the evaluation system
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23. MICROSOFT SMOOTH STREAMING
 Few Switches with a good average bitrate
 Nevertheless close to unsmoothness at second 300
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24. ADOBE DYNAMIC STREAMING
 High number of unsmooth seconds
 Rather binary and unpredictable
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25. APPLE HTTP LIVE STREAMING
 Very few switches with a lower bitrate
 Large buffer for energy awareness
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26. MPEG – DASH
 Non stepwise switching
 Good average bitrate and stable buffer
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27. COMPARISON
Name Average Bitrate Average Switches Average Unsmoothness
[kbps] [Number of Switches] [Seconds]
Microsoft 1522 51 0
Adobe 1239 97 64
Apple 1162 7 0
MPEG – DASH
1464 166 0
Pipelined
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28. MAJOR FINDINGS
 Microsoft Smooth Streaming: performs best
 Altough they don„t use pipelining, maybe specific TCP
implementation?
 Adobe Dynamic Streaming: not usable, interesting
buffer
 Apple HTTP Streaming: interesting features
 MPEG-2 TS, Large Buffer, Conservative Approach (Energy?)
 MPEG-DASH: good start with rather simple algorithm
 Pipelining brings improvement + integrate further features:
parallel downloads, TCP modification, other Protocols (e.g.
SPDY)
C. Müller, S. Lederer and C. Timmerer, “An Evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive
Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments”, ACM Workshop on Mobile
Video, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, February 24, 2012.
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29. AGENDA
 (Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
 Dataset & DASHEncoder
 Peer-Assisted DASH
 DASH under Vehicular Mobility
 DASH @ ITEC
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30. HTTP://DASH.ITEC.AAU.AT
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31. STATISTICS
Besucher pro Woche
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32. DASH @ ITEC
 News:
 24 Posts about new features, conferences, etc.
 ~ 150 comments + a huge number of emails
 Cooperations
 VideoLAN VLC
 Mozilla
 DASH-PG
 Tools:
 DASH VLC Plugin  DASH Dataset
 libDASH
 DASH MPD Validator (Markus
 DASHEncoder
Waltl)
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33. DASH RESEARCH @ ITEC
 Publications
 Stefan Lederer, Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “Peer-Assisted Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP – System Design and Evaluation“, In Proceedings of the
IEEE International Packet Video Workshop 2012, Munich, Germany, May 10-11, 2012. (to
appear)
 Christopher Müller, Stefan Lederer and Christian Timmerer, “An Evaluation of Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments”, In Proceedings of the ACM
Multimedia Systems Conference 2012 and the 4th ACM Workshop on Mobile Video, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, February 24, 2012.
 Stefan Lederer, Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP Dataset”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems Conference 2012,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, February 22-24, 2012.
 Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “A VLC Media Player Plugin enabling Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia 2011 , Scottsdale,
Arizona, November 28, 2011.
 Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “A Test-Bed for the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP featuring Session Mobility”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems
Conference 2011, San Jose, California, February 23-25, 2011.
 Christian Timmerer and Christopher Müller, “HTTP Streaming of MPEG Media”, In
Proceedings of the Streaming Day 2010, Udine, Italy, September 16-17, 2010.
 Patents
 Christopher Müller, Yuwen He, James Crenshaw, Bandwidth Adaptation for Dynamic
Adaptive Transfering of Multimedia, U.S. Provisional Application No.: 61/576,334.
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34. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
http://dash.itec.aau.at
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