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17
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
consumer health & wellness trends........ 29
Reframing health and wellness.......................... 31
ˆˆThe health and wellness continuum..........................................................31
ˆˆDimensions of health and wellness............................................................32
ˆˆWellbeing’s transformation.........................................................................33
ˆˆDelusional wellbeing....................................................................................33
DIY healthcare............................................... 34
ˆˆHealthy skepticism.......................................................................................34
ˆˆSelf-care.........................................................................................................35
ˆˆConsumerism...............................................................................................37
ˆˆEmergence of the undoctored....................................................................37
Overmedicalization......................................... 38
Public health vs science................................... 39
ˆˆGood? Bad? Who can tell?!.........................................................................39
ˆˆBig brother....................................................................................................42
Health curators.............................................. 42
Solutions, not products.................................... 44
ˆˆChinese restaurant syndrome.....................................................................44
ˆˆWhat consumers really want......................................................................45
ˆˆThe promise of integrative medicine.........................................................45
ˆˆProgressive & multi-stage programs..........................................................46
ˆˆWhen lifestyle change programs work......................................................47
ˆˆTherapeutic lifestyle change professionals................................................48
ˆˆHealth & wellness coaching........................................................................50
New venues & platforms.................................. 51
fitness, exercise & physical activity....... 53
Physical fitness: a big tent................................ 55
ˆˆFitness is cool again!....................................................................................55
ˆˆThe end of fitness myopia...........................................................................56
ˆˆMid-life exercise preferences......................................................................56
Redefining exercise........................................ 57
ˆˆConsistency vs intensity..............................................................................57
ˆˆThe activity to wellness model....................................................................58
ˆˆExercise snacks ............................................................................................58
ˆˆHow low will expectations go?...................................................................59
ˆˆStepping stones.............................................................................................60
topicchecklist
18
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
The medicalization of exercise.......................... 60
ˆˆExercise is a prescription.............................................................................61
ˆˆOutcomes-based exercise............................................................................63
ˆˆThis is your brain on exercise.....................................................................64
ˆˆThe new osteoporosis..................................................................................67
ˆˆExercise and behavioral medicine.............................................................68
From services to solutions................................ 68
ˆˆHow customers think..................................................................................68
ˆˆProgressive & multi-stage programs..........................................................70
ˆˆUnexpected health club competition........................................................71
ˆˆSegment, segment, segment........................................................................72
Shades of green............................................. 74
ˆˆWalkability....................................................................................................75
ˆˆLet’s go for a ride..........................................................................................75
ˆˆTread lightly on the planet..........................................................................77
Exercise like your ancestors - or not................... 78
ˆˆYour body is a barbell..................................................................................78
ˆˆThe way you do the things you do.............................................................79
ˆˆNo-win event training.................................................................................80
ˆˆGet out of the gym.......................................................................................81
ˆˆFitness arcades – health clubs of the future..............................................82
ˆˆGroup fitness and personal training..........................................................82
ˆˆPersonal fitness technology.........................................................................84
Emerging professions...................................... 85
ˆˆThe new exercise professional....................................................................85
ˆˆClinical exercise specialists ........................................................................86
ˆˆLicensure and certification.........................................................................87
ˆˆFitness professionals: rough waters...........................................................88
nutrition, food & healthful eating.......... 91
Eat like your ancestors.................................... 93
ˆˆDiseases of civilization................................................................................93
ˆˆDiet(s) of the caveman................................................................................93
Eating, intentionally....................................... 94
ˆˆSmall changes move the needle..................................................................95
ˆˆDieting through addition ...........................................................................95
ˆˆTransparency’s effect on behavior..............................................................96
ˆˆIt’s b-a-a-a-c-k!.............................................................................................97
ˆˆHappy together.............................................................................................97
ˆˆDinner’s on....................................................................................................98
ˆˆBetter for you................................................................................................99
Rethinking good and bad guys..........................100
ˆˆFat: the bad guy?.........................................................................................100
ˆˆCarbs: not created equal............................................................................101
19
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
ˆˆThe new bad guys.......................................................................................103
Living without..............................................107
ˆˆGluten-free .................................................................................................107
ˆˆAllergens and sensitivities.........................................................................107
ˆˆ“Free from”..................................................................................................108
ˆˆThe ironies of living without.....................................................................108
Eating your politics........................................109
ˆˆThe labeling frenzy continues...................................................................109
ˆˆAu naturel....................................................................................................110
ˆˆPolitics versus purchase.............................................................................111
ˆˆLonely locavores.........................................................................................111
ˆˆOn the shelves.............................................................................................112
ˆˆFood “deserts”.............................................................................................113
Food as medicine..........................................113
ˆˆNutrigenomics............................................................................................113
ˆˆFood with a purpose..................................................................................113
ˆˆFarmaceuticals............................................................................................115
ˆˆMedical foods.............................................................................................115
Better living through technology.......................116
ˆˆGenetically modified foods.......................................................................116
ˆˆEngineered foods ......................................................................................117
ˆˆNanotechnology.........................................................................................118
ˆˆFrankenfood...............................................................................................118
The public health police.................................119
ˆˆCrisis of credibility.....................................................................................119
ˆˆLegislating what we eat..............................................................................121
ˆˆJunk food taxes...........................................................................................122
ˆˆSodium restrictions....................................................................................122
Attack of the killer tomatoes............................123
ˆˆFood fear.....................................................................................................123
ˆˆContamination...........................................................................................123
ˆˆRegulatory action.......................................................................................124
ˆˆTesting & certification...............................................................................124
Food trends: what’s hot/not.............................125
ˆˆLive long, live strong..................................................................................125
ˆˆSuperfoods & superfruits..........................................................................126
ˆˆGrains, seeds and oils................................................................................127
ˆˆTherapeutic foods & home remedies.......................................................127
ˆˆSynbiotics....................................................................................................128
ˆˆBeneficial fungus........................................................................................128
ˆˆHerbal and plant supplements..................................................................129
ˆˆVitamin and mineral supplements..........................................................131
ˆˆAmino acids................................................................................................131
ˆˆMLM products...........................................................................................132
20
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
mind-body practices..........................133
Old-school yoga: challenged.............................135
ˆˆBeyond the teacher-centered model........................................................135
ˆˆThe segmentation of yoga.........................................................................136
ˆˆNo monopoly on mindfulness..................................................................137
ˆˆYoga as a calling..........................................................................................139
ˆˆConvergence with fitness..........................................................................139
Reinventing yoga...........................................140
ˆˆConsumerization & commercialization..................................................140
ˆˆBroadening the definition of yoga...........................................................141
ˆˆA new yoga vocabulary.............................................................................141
ˆˆA spiritual disconnect................................................................................142
ˆˆSecularization of yoga................................................................................142
ˆˆChristianization of yoga............................................................................143
THAT’s yoga?!...............................................144
Does mindfulness even matter?........................146
Rx: yoga.....................................................146
ˆˆPlus-size yoga.............................................................................................146
ˆˆHealth promotion and enhancement......................................................147
ˆˆIntegrative therapies..................................................................................147
ˆˆSelf-care for chronic health concerns .....................................................148
ˆˆDetoxification & cleansing programs......................................................148
ˆˆMindfulness & behavioral health.............................................................149
ˆˆThe risk of overreaching............................................................................149
ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................150
Retail (yoga) therapy......................................150
ˆˆEnhancing the practice of yoga................................................................150
ˆˆLivin’ la vida yoga.......................................................................................151
Ethics, licensing and regulation........................151
ˆˆVoluntary ethical and conduct codes......................................................152
ˆˆDifferent rules for different players..........................................................152
complementary & alternative medicine..154
To know CAM is to love CAM.............................156
ˆˆMore visits, more spending.......................................................................156
ˆˆCAM for kids..............................................................................................158
ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................159
Don’t make me think.....................................159
ˆˆWellness centers ........................................................................................160
ˆˆIntegrative medicine centers.....................................................................160
ˆˆWorksite clinics..........................................................................................161
Ayurvedic medicine & naturopathy....................161
21
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
ˆˆOn yoga’s coattails......................................................................................161
ˆˆSunshine on my shoulders .......................................................................162
ˆˆOther alternative medical systems...........................................................163
ˆˆChelation.....................................................................................................164
Bodywork....................................................165
ˆˆChiropractic & osteopathic manipulation..............................................165
ˆˆPain management & rehab........................................................................166
ˆˆStress reduction and relaxation................................................................166
Acupuncture - almost accepted........................167
Energy medicine...........................................168
ˆˆElectromagnetic and light therapies........................................................168
ˆˆNon-invasive light and laser therapies....................................................169
ˆˆHey, it can’t hurt!........................................................................................170
ˆˆOther energy practices: fizzling................................................................170
Homeopathy ...............................................172
Regulation and certification.............................173
healthcare & medicine.......................175
Healthcare vs sickcare....................................177
ˆˆInsurance reform vs healthcare reform...................................................177
ˆˆPrevention vs treatment............................................................................177
Connecting the dots.......................................178
ˆˆMedical homes...........................................................................................180
ˆˆCare coordination......................................................................................181
ˆˆHealth coaches............................................................................................182
Patient consumerism......................................183
ˆˆWould you ask your doctor this question?.............................................183
ˆˆHonesty is its own reward.........................................................................184
ˆˆSelf-care.......................................................................................................184
Evidence-based medicine................................186
ˆˆNovel concepts: safety & efficacy.............................................................186
ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................187
ˆˆPay for performance..................................................................................189
Technology and pharma..................................189
ˆˆElectronic medical records.......................................................................189
ˆˆPersonalized medicine...............................................................................191
ˆˆStem cells and gene therapy......................................................................192
Managing healthcare like a business...................194
ˆˆAutomating healthcare..............................................................................194
ˆˆQuality management and process improvement...................................195
ˆˆHere, there and everywhere......................................................................196
Shifting sands for health professionals................197
22
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
ˆˆTop of license..............................................................................................197
ˆˆNew allied health professions...................................................................198
ˆˆHealthcare careers in demand..................................................................198
obesity & diabetes............................204
Eat less, move more...right?............................206
ˆˆObesity: complex interrelated causes......................................................206
ˆˆAppetite and satiety...................................................................................207
ˆˆThe dopamine circuit.................................................................................207
ˆˆInfectobesity................................................................................................208
ˆˆMetabolic efficiency...................................................................................208
ˆˆFat storage systems.....................................................................................208
ˆˆWestern diet................................................................................................209
ˆˆObesogens...................................................................................................210
ˆˆGenetic predisposition..............................................................................210
ˆˆMetabolic syndrome: shaky consensus...................................................211
ˆˆType 2 diabetes: polygenic........................................................................212
Demographic trends.......................................214
ˆˆAdult obesity trends...................................................................................214
ˆˆChildren’s obesity trends...........................................................................217
ˆˆMetabolic syndrome trends......................................................................217
ˆˆType 2 diabetes trends...............................................................................218
Obesity & diabetes - complex causes..................219
ˆˆEat less, move more...right?......................................................................219
ˆˆMoving obesity treatment goalposts........................................................220
ˆˆReframing obesity......................................................................................221
ˆˆPhysical inactivity: new disease?..............................................................223
ˆˆIndividual treatment vs population prevention.....................................224
ˆˆBeyond BMI................................................................................................225
Interventions...............................................226
ˆˆSetting patients up - to succeed................................................................226
ˆˆLifestyle change programs........................................................................226
ˆˆMedications.................................................................................................228
ˆˆDevices & surgery......................................................................................236
Society, friends and family..............................239
ˆˆThe fat gap...................................................................................................239
ˆˆFat acceptance.............................................................................................240
ˆˆOverweight and healthy?..........................................................................241
ˆˆSocial contagion.........................................................................................242
Prevention .................................................243
ˆˆObesogenic environment..........................................................................243
ˆˆInformation access.....................................................................................245
ˆˆFood access.................................................................................................245
ˆˆAt school......................................................................................................246
ˆˆAt home.......................................................................................................247
23
THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH
ˆˆA public health Catch-22?.........................................................................249
ˆˆObesity report cards..................................................................................250
longevity, aging & older adults.............251
Demographics...............................................253
ˆˆDramatic growth........................................................................................253
ˆˆCultural variations.....................................................................................253
Hope I die before I get old...............................254
ˆˆTheories of aging........................................................................................254
ˆˆBiological age..............................................................................................256
ˆˆRejuvenation medicine..............................................................................256
ˆˆLongevity research.....................................................................................256
ˆˆCalorie restriction (VLC)..........................................................................258
ˆˆLife extension drugs & supplements.......................................................258
ˆˆAnti-aging solutions..................................................................................260
Active aging.................................................262
ˆˆAnti-aging and men...................................................................................263
ˆˆCompression of disability and morbidity...............................................263
ˆˆHealthy life-years.......................................................................................264
Aging in place: daunting logistics.......................265
ˆˆCare venues.................................................................................................265
ˆˆCreative - and cheaper - care....................................................................266
ˆˆEldercare professions.................................................................................269
ˆˆUnwanted second career ..........................................................................271
ˆˆCaregiver wellness......................................................................................271
Technology..................................................272
ˆˆOlder adults & technology .......................................................................272
ˆˆTelecare........................................................................................................273
ˆˆTelehealth....................................................................................................274
Medicalization of aging...................................275
ˆˆMenopause and andropause.....................................................................275
ˆˆStress and grief...........................................................................................276
Dementia....................................................276
ˆˆA new psychiatric population...................................................................276
ˆˆUnclear causes............................................................................................277
ˆˆBeyond Alzheimer’s disease......................................................................278
ˆˆExpanding diagnostic criteria..................................................................279
Mindful aging...............................................279
ˆˆAging with intention..................................................................................280
ˆˆExhaustion medicine.................................................................................280
ˆˆSlow medicine.............................................................................................281
ˆˆPalliative care..............................................................................................282

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Healthcare fitness-nutrition-trends-checklist

  • 1. 17 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH consumer health & wellness trends........ 29 Reframing health and wellness.......................... 31 ˆˆThe health and wellness continuum..........................................................31 ˆˆDimensions of health and wellness............................................................32 ˆˆWellbeing’s transformation.........................................................................33 ˆˆDelusional wellbeing....................................................................................33 DIY healthcare............................................... 34 ˆˆHealthy skepticism.......................................................................................34 ˆˆSelf-care.........................................................................................................35 ˆˆConsumerism...............................................................................................37 ˆˆEmergence of the undoctored....................................................................37 Overmedicalization......................................... 38 Public health vs science................................... 39 ˆˆGood? Bad? Who can tell?!.........................................................................39 ˆˆBig brother....................................................................................................42 Health curators.............................................. 42 Solutions, not products.................................... 44 ˆˆChinese restaurant syndrome.....................................................................44 ˆˆWhat consumers really want......................................................................45 ˆˆThe promise of integrative medicine.........................................................45 ˆˆProgressive & multi-stage programs..........................................................46 ˆˆWhen lifestyle change programs work......................................................47 ˆˆTherapeutic lifestyle change professionals................................................48 ˆˆHealth & wellness coaching........................................................................50 New venues & platforms.................................. 51 fitness, exercise & physical activity....... 53 Physical fitness: a big tent................................ 55 ˆˆFitness is cool again!....................................................................................55 ˆˆThe end of fitness myopia...........................................................................56 ˆˆMid-life exercise preferences......................................................................56 Redefining exercise........................................ 57 ˆˆConsistency vs intensity..............................................................................57 ˆˆThe activity to wellness model....................................................................58 ˆˆExercise snacks ............................................................................................58 ˆˆHow low will expectations go?...................................................................59 ˆˆStepping stones.............................................................................................60 topicchecklist
  • 2. 18 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH The medicalization of exercise.......................... 60 ˆˆExercise is a prescription.............................................................................61 ˆˆOutcomes-based exercise............................................................................63 ˆˆThis is your brain on exercise.....................................................................64 ˆˆThe new osteoporosis..................................................................................67 ˆˆExercise and behavioral medicine.............................................................68 From services to solutions................................ 68 ˆˆHow customers think..................................................................................68 ˆˆProgressive & multi-stage programs..........................................................70 ˆˆUnexpected health club competition........................................................71 ˆˆSegment, segment, segment........................................................................72 Shades of green............................................. 74 ˆˆWalkability....................................................................................................75 ˆˆLet’s go for a ride..........................................................................................75 ˆˆTread lightly on the planet..........................................................................77 Exercise like your ancestors - or not................... 78 ˆˆYour body is a barbell..................................................................................78 ˆˆThe way you do the things you do.............................................................79 ˆˆNo-win event training.................................................................................80 ˆˆGet out of the gym.......................................................................................81 ˆˆFitness arcades – health clubs of the future..............................................82 ˆˆGroup fitness and personal training..........................................................82 ˆˆPersonal fitness technology.........................................................................84 Emerging professions...................................... 85 ˆˆThe new exercise professional....................................................................85 ˆˆClinical exercise specialists ........................................................................86 ˆˆLicensure and certification.........................................................................87 ˆˆFitness professionals: rough waters...........................................................88 nutrition, food & healthful eating.......... 91 Eat like your ancestors.................................... 93 ˆˆDiseases of civilization................................................................................93 ˆˆDiet(s) of the caveman................................................................................93 Eating, intentionally....................................... 94 ˆˆSmall changes move the needle..................................................................95 ˆˆDieting through addition ...........................................................................95 ˆˆTransparency’s effect on behavior..............................................................96 ˆˆIt’s b-a-a-a-c-k!.............................................................................................97 ˆˆHappy together.............................................................................................97 ˆˆDinner’s on....................................................................................................98 ˆˆBetter for you................................................................................................99 Rethinking good and bad guys..........................100 ˆˆFat: the bad guy?.........................................................................................100 ˆˆCarbs: not created equal............................................................................101
  • 3. 19 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH ˆˆThe new bad guys.......................................................................................103 Living without..............................................107 ˆˆGluten-free .................................................................................................107 ˆˆAllergens and sensitivities.........................................................................107 ˆˆ“Free from”..................................................................................................108 ˆˆThe ironies of living without.....................................................................108 Eating your politics........................................109 ˆˆThe labeling frenzy continues...................................................................109 ˆˆAu naturel....................................................................................................110 ˆˆPolitics versus purchase.............................................................................111 ˆˆLonely locavores.........................................................................................111 ˆˆOn the shelves.............................................................................................112 ˆˆFood “deserts”.............................................................................................113 Food as medicine..........................................113 ˆˆNutrigenomics............................................................................................113 ˆˆFood with a purpose..................................................................................113 ˆˆFarmaceuticals............................................................................................115 ˆˆMedical foods.............................................................................................115 Better living through technology.......................116 ˆˆGenetically modified foods.......................................................................116 ˆˆEngineered foods ......................................................................................117 ˆˆNanotechnology.........................................................................................118 ˆˆFrankenfood...............................................................................................118 The public health police.................................119 ˆˆCrisis of credibility.....................................................................................119 ˆˆLegislating what we eat..............................................................................121 ˆˆJunk food taxes...........................................................................................122 ˆˆSodium restrictions....................................................................................122 Attack of the killer tomatoes............................123 ˆˆFood fear.....................................................................................................123 ˆˆContamination...........................................................................................123 ˆˆRegulatory action.......................................................................................124 ˆˆTesting & certification...............................................................................124 Food trends: what’s hot/not.............................125 ˆˆLive long, live strong..................................................................................125 ˆˆSuperfoods & superfruits..........................................................................126 ˆˆGrains, seeds and oils................................................................................127 ˆˆTherapeutic foods & home remedies.......................................................127 ˆˆSynbiotics....................................................................................................128 ˆˆBeneficial fungus........................................................................................128 ˆˆHerbal and plant supplements..................................................................129 ˆˆVitamin and mineral supplements..........................................................131 ˆˆAmino acids................................................................................................131 ˆˆMLM products...........................................................................................132
  • 4. 20 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH mind-body practices..........................133 Old-school yoga: challenged.............................135 ˆˆBeyond the teacher-centered model........................................................135 ˆˆThe segmentation of yoga.........................................................................136 ˆˆNo monopoly on mindfulness..................................................................137 ˆˆYoga as a calling..........................................................................................139 ˆˆConvergence with fitness..........................................................................139 Reinventing yoga...........................................140 ˆˆConsumerization & commercialization..................................................140 ˆˆBroadening the definition of yoga...........................................................141 ˆˆA new yoga vocabulary.............................................................................141 ˆˆA spiritual disconnect................................................................................142 ˆˆSecularization of yoga................................................................................142 ˆˆChristianization of yoga............................................................................143 THAT’s yoga?!...............................................144 Does mindfulness even matter?........................146 Rx: yoga.....................................................146 ˆˆPlus-size yoga.............................................................................................146 ˆˆHealth promotion and enhancement......................................................147 ˆˆIntegrative therapies..................................................................................147 ˆˆSelf-care for chronic health concerns .....................................................148 ˆˆDetoxification & cleansing programs......................................................148 ˆˆMindfulness & behavioral health.............................................................149 ˆˆThe risk of overreaching............................................................................149 ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................150 Retail (yoga) therapy......................................150 ˆˆEnhancing the practice of yoga................................................................150 ˆˆLivin’ la vida yoga.......................................................................................151 Ethics, licensing and regulation........................151 ˆˆVoluntary ethical and conduct codes......................................................152 ˆˆDifferent rules for different players..........................................................152 complementary & alternative medicine..154 To know CAM is to love CAM.............................156 ˆˆMore visits, more spending.......................................................................156 ˆˆCAM for kids..............................................................................................158 ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................159 Don’t make me think.....................................159 ˆˆWellness centers ........................................................................................160 ˆˆIntegrative medicine centers.....................................................................160 ˆˆWorksite clinics..........................................................................................161 Ayurvedic medicine & naturopathy....................161
  • 5. 21 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH ˆˆOn yoga’s coattails......................................................................................161 ˆˆSunshine on my shoulders .......................................................................162 ˆˆOther alternative medical systems...........................................................163 ˆˆChelation.....................................................................................................164 Bodywork....................................................165 ˆˆChiropractic & osteopathic manipulation..............................................165 ˆˆPain management & rehab........................................................................166 ˆˆStress reduction and relaxation................................................................166 Acupuncture - almost accepted........................167 Energy medicine...........................................168 ˆˆElectromagnetic and light therapies........................................................168 ˆˆNon-invasive light and laser therapies....................................................169 ˆˆHey, it can’t hurt!........................................................................................170 ˆˆOther energy practices: fizzling................................................................170 Homeopathy ...............................................172 Regulation and certification.............................173 healthcare & medicine.......................175 Healthcare vs sickcare....................................177 ˆˆInsurance reform vs healthcare reform...................................................177 ˆˆPrevention vs treatment............................................................................177 Connecting the dots.......................................178 ˆˆMedical homes...........................................................................................180 ˆˆCare coordination......................................................................................181 ˆˆHealth coaches............................................................................................182 Patient consumerism......................................183 ˆˆWould you ask your doctor this question?.............................................183 ˆˆHonesty is its own reward.........................................................................184 ˆˆSelf-care.......................................................................................................184 Evidence-based medicine................................186 ˆˆNovel concepts: safety & efficacy.............................................................186 ˆˆComparative effectiveness research.........................................................187 ˆˆPay for performance..................................................................................189 Technology and pharma..................................189 ˆˆElectronic medical records.......................................................................189 ˆˆPersonalized medicine...............................................................................191 ˆˆStem cells and gene therapy......................................................................192 Managing healthcare like a business...................194 ˆˆAutomating healthcare..............................................................................194 ˆˆQuality management and process improvement...................................195 ˆˆHere, there and everywhere......................................................................196 Shifting sands for health professionals................197
  • 6. 22 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH ˆˆTop of license..............................................................................................197 ˆˆNew allied health professions...................................................................198 ˆˆHealthcare careers in demand..................................................................198 obesity & diabetes............................204 Eat less, move more...right?............................206 ˆˆObesity: complex interrelated causes......................................................206 ˆˆAppetite and satiety...................................................................................207 ˆˆThe dopamine circuit.................................................................................207 ˆˆInfectobesity................................................................................................208 ˆˆMetabolic efficiency...................................................................................208 ˆˆFat storage systems.....................................................................................208 ˆˆWestern diet................................................................................................209 ˆˆObesogens...................................................................................................210 ˆˆGenetic predisposition..............................................................................210 ˆˆMetabolic syndrome: shaky consensus...................................................211 ˆˆType 2 diabetes: polygenic........................................................................212 Demographic trends.......................................214 ˆˆAdult obesity trends...................................................................................214 ˆˆChildren’s obesity trends...........................................................................217 ˆˆMetabolic syndrome trends......................................................................217 ˆˆType 2 diabetes trends...............................................................................218 Obesity & diabetes - complex causes..................219 ˆˆEat less, move more...right?......................................................................219 ˆˆMoving obesity treatment goalposts........................................................220 ˆˆReframing obesity......................................................................................221 ˆˆPhysical inactivity: new disease?..............................................................223 ˆˆIndividual treatment vs population prevention.....................................224 ˆˆBeyond BMI................................................................................................225 Interventions...............................................226 ˆˆSetting patients up - to succeed................................................................226 ˆˆLifestyle change programs........................................................................226 ˆˆMedications.................................................................................................228 ˆˆDevices & surgery......................................................................................236 Society, friends and family..............................239 ˆˆThe fat gap...................................................................................................239 ˆˆFat acceptance.............................................................................................240 ˆˆOverweight and healthy?..........................................................................241 ˆˆSocial contagion.........................................................................................242 Prevention .................................................243 ˆˆObesogenic environment..........................................................................243 ˆˆInformation access.....................................................................................245 ˆˆFood access.................................................................................................245 ˆˆAt school......................................................................................................246 ˆˆAt home.......................................................................................................247
  • 7. 23 THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS TREND REPORT: THE DECADE OF GROWTH ˆˆA public health Catch-22?.........................................................................249 ˆˆObesity report cards..................................................................................250 longevity, aging & older adults.............251 Demographics...............................................253 ˆˆDramatic growth........................................................................................253 ˆˆCultural variations.....................................................................................253 Hope I die before I get old...............................254 ˆˆTheories of aging........................................................................................254 ˆˆBiological age..............................................................................................256 ˆˆRejuvenation medicine..............................................................................256 ˆˆLongevity research.....................................................................................256 ˆˆCalorie restriction (VLC)..........................................................................258 ˆˆLife extension drugs & supplements.......................................................258 ˆˆAnti-aging solutions..................................................................................260 Active aging.................................................262 ˆˆAnti-aging and men...................................................................................263 ˆˆCompression of disability and morbidity...............................................263 ˆˆHealthy life-years.......................................................................................264 Aging in place: daunting logistics.......................265 ˆˆCare venues.................................................................................................265 ˆˆCreative - and cheaper - care....................................................................266 ˆˆEldercare professions.................................................................................269 ˆˆUnwanted second career ..........................................................................271 ˆˆCaregiver wellness......................................................................................271 Technology..................................................272 ˆˆOlder adults & technology .......................................................................272 ˆˆTelecare........................................................................................................273 ˆˆTelehealth....................................................................................................274 Medicalization of aging...................................275 ˆˆMenopause and andropause.....................................................................275 ˆˆStress and grief...........................................................................................276 Dementia....................................................276 ˆˆA new psychiatric population...................................................................276 ˆˆUnclear causes............................................................................................277 ˆˆBeyond Alzheimer’s disease......................................................................278 ˆˆExpanding diagnostic criteria..................................................................279 Mindful aging...............................................279 ˆˆAging with intention..................................................................................280 ˆˆExhaustion medicine.................................................................................280 ˆˆSlow medicine.............................................................................................281 ˆˆPalliative care..............................................................................................282