Apache Fink 1.0: A New Era for Real-World Streaming Analytics

Apache Flink 1.0: A New Era for Real-World
Streaming Analytics
Chicago Apache Flink Meetup. April 19th, 2016
Slim Baltagi
Director, Enterprise Architecture
Capital One Financial Corporation

2
Agenda
1. Origin and evolution of streaming
capabilities in Flink
2. Why Flink is suitable for real-world
streaming analytics?
3. What are some streaming analytics use
cases suitable for Flink?
cases from companies actually using Flink?
5. What are some novel use cases enabled by
Flink?
6. Where do you go from here?

3
1. Origin and evolution of data streaming
2009
Apache Flink has its origins in a research project called Stratosphere
of which the idea was conceived in 2009 by professor Volker
Markl from the Technische Universität Berlin in Germany.
At its core, Flink has always been a distributed dataflow streaming
engine.
2012
Massively-Parallel Stream Processing under QoS Constraints with
Nephele, June 12th , 2012
http://stratosphere.eu/assets/papers/massivelyParallelStreamProcessing_12.pdf
2013
Nephele Streaming: Stream Processing under QoS Constraints at
Scale, August 5th, 2013 http://stratosphere.eu/assets/papers/nephele-
streaming.pdf

4
1. Origin and evolution of data streaming capabilities in
Flink
2014
March 2014: Work on the first prototype for an API demonstrating the
streaming capabilities of Stratosphere started in March 2014 by Gyula
Fora and Marton Balassi from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
April 2014: Flink joined the Apache incubator in April 2014 and
graduated as an Apache Top Level Project (TLP) in December 2014.
June 2014: First public mention of this prototype was on June 4th,
2014 http://2014.adattarhazforum.hu/letoltes/2014dwforum/mta_sztaki_balassi_marton.pdf
October 2014: 2nd public mention of this prototype was in October
7th 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2AOqwm_7ts at 10’37” http://data-
artisans.com/apache-flink-new-kid-on-the-block/
November 2014: The first talk using ‘Flink Streaming’ at the
ApacheCon on November 18th , 2014
http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/flink_apachecon_small.pdf

5
1. Origin and evolution of data streaming
2015
June 2015: “I would consider stream data analysis to be a major
unique selling proposition for Flink. Due to its pipelined architecture
Flink is a perfect match for big data stream processing in the Apache
stack.” – Volker Markl. Ref.: On Apache Flink. Interview with Volker
Markl, June 24th 2015 http://www.odbms.org/blog/2015/06/on-apache-flink-
interview-with-volker-markl/
June 2015: Flink 0.9 released on June 24, 2015, DataStream API
in beta, exactly-once guarantees via checkpointing
November 2015: Flink 0.10 released on November 16th, 2015,
Event time support, windowing mechanism based on Dataflow/Beam
model, graduated DataStream API, high availability, state backbends,
new/updated connectors (Kafka, Nifi, ...), improved monitoring, …

6
1. Origin and evolution of streaming capabilities
in Flink
2016
This Google paper “The Dataflow Model: A Practical
Approach to Balancing Correctness, Latency, and Cost
in Massive-Scale, Unbounded, Out-of-Order Data
Processing” http://research.google.com/pubs/pub43864.html influenced
Flink rich windowing semantics
March 2016: Flink 1.0 released on March 8th 2016,
Stable DataStream API, Out-of-core state, savepoints,
CEP library, improved monitoring, Kafka 0.9 support, …
April 2016: Apache Flink 1.0.1 was released on April 6th
2016.
Flink 1.0.2 is being voted on.

7
1. Origin and evolution of streaming capabilities in
Flink
Post Flink 1.0 in 2016
Queryable state: query the state from within Flink
instead of a database. Querying the state that Flink
holds while it is doing its computation will effectively
replace a database! Planned for Flink 1.1
SQL/StreamSQL and Table API
Dynamic Scaling: Runtime scaling for DataStream
programs
Managed memory for streaming operators
Security: Over-the-wire encryption of RPC (Akka) and
data transfers (Netty)

8
1. Origin and evolution of streaming capabilities in
Flink
Expose more runtime metrics: Backpressure monitoring,
Spilling / Out of Core
Additional streaming connectors: Kinesis, Cassandra, …
Making YARN resource dynamic
Support for Apache Mesos
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-1984
Further reading:
• Apache Flink Roadmap Draft, December 2015
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ExmtVpeVVT3TIhO1JoBpC5JKXm-
778DAD7eqw5GANwE/edit
• What’s next? Roadmap 2016. Robert Metzger, January 26, 2016.
Berlin Apache Flink Meetup.
http://www.slideshare.net/robertmetzger1/january-2016-flink-community-update-
roadmap-2016/9

9
Agenda
Flink?

10
2. Why Flink is suitable for real-world streaming
analytics?
Apache Flink 1.0, which was released on March 8th
2016, comes with a competitive set of streaming
analytics features, some of which are unique in the
open source domain.
The combination of these features makes Apache
Flink a unique choice for real-world streaming
analytics.
Let’s discuss some of Apache Flink features for real-
world streaming analytics.

11
2. Why Flink is suitable for real-world streaming analytics?
2.1. Pipelined processing engine
2.2. Stream abstraction: DataStream as in the real-
world
2.3. Performance: Low latency and high throughput
2.4. Support for rich windowing semantics
2.5. Support for different notions of time
2.6. Stateful stream processing
2.7. Fault tolerance and correctness
2.8. High Availability
2.9. Backpressure handling
2.10. Expressive and easy-to-use APIs in Scala and
Java
2.11. Support for batch
2.12. Integration with the Hadoop ecosystem

12
2.1. Pipelined processing engine
 Flink is a pipelined (streaming) engine akin to parallel
database systems, rather than a batch engine as
Spark.
 ‘Flink’s runtime is not designed around the idea that
operators wait for their predecessors to finish before
they start, but they can already consume partially
generated results.’
 ‘This is called pipeline parallelism and means that
several transformations in a Flink program are
actually executed concurrently with data being
passed between them through memory and network
channels.’ http://data-artisans.com/apache-flink-new-kid-on-the-
block/

13
2.2. Stream abstraction: DataStream as in the real-
world
 Real world data is a series of events that are
continuously produced by a variety of applications and
disparate systems inside and outside the enterprise.
 Flink, as a stream processing system, models streams
as what they are in the real world, a series of events
and use DataStream as an abstraction.
 Spark, as a batch processing system, approximates
these streams as micro-batches and uses DStream as
an abstraction. This adds an artificial latency!

14
Pipelined processing engine enable true low latency
streaming applications with fast results in milliseconds
High throughput: efficiently handle high volume of
streams (millions of events per second)
Tunable latency / throughput tradeoff: Using a tuning
knob to navigate the latency-throughput trade off.
Yahoo! benchmarked Storm, Spark Streaming and Flink
with a production use-case (counting ad impressions
grouped by campaign).
Full Yahoo! Article, benchmark stops at low write
throughput and programs are not fault tolerant.
https://yahooeng.tumblr.com/post/135321837876/benchmarking-streaming-
computation-engines-at

15
Full Data Artisans article, extends the Yahoo!
benchmark to high volumes and uses Flink’s built-in
state http://data-artisans.com/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark/
Flink outperformed both Spark Streaming and Storm
in this benchmark modeled after a real-world
application:
• Flink achieves throughput of 15 million messages/second on a
10 machines cluster. This is 35x higher throughput compared to
Storm (80x compared to Yahoo’s runs)
• Flink ran with exactly once guarantees, Storm with at least
once.
Ultimately, you need to test the performance of your
own streaming analytics application as it depends on
your own logic and the version of your preferred
stream processing tool!

16
Flink provides rich windowing semantics. A window is
a grouping of events based on some function of time
(all records of the last 5 minutes), count (the last 10
events) or session (all the events of a particular web
user ).
Window types in Flink:
• Tumbling windows ( no overlap)
• Sliding windows (with overlap)
• Session windows ( gap of activity)
• Custom windows (with assigners, triggers and
evictors)

17
In many systems, these windows are hard-coded and
connected with the system’s internal checkpointing
mechanism. Flink is the first open source streaming
engine that completely decouples windowing from
fault tolerance, allowing for richer forms of windows,
such as sessions.
Further reading:
• http://flink.apache.org/news/2015/12/04/Introducing-windows.html
• http://beam.incubator.apache.org/beam/capability/2016/03/17/capability-matrix.html
• https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/the-world-beyond-batch-streaming-101
• https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/the-world-beyond-batch-streaming-102

18
In a streaming program with Flink, for example to define
windows in respect to time, one can refer to different
notions of time:
• Event Time: when an event did happen in the real
world.
• Ingestion time: when data is loaded into Flink, from
Kafka for example.
• Processing Time: when data is processed by Flink
In the real word, streams of events rarely arrive in the
order that they are produced due to distributed sources,
non-synced clocks, network delays… They are said to be
“out of order’ streams.
Flink is the first open source streaming engine that
supports out of order streams and which is able to
consistently process events according to their event
time.

19
http://beam.incubator.apache.org/beam/capability/2016/03/17/capability-matrix.html
https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/concepts/concepts.html#time
https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/apis/streaming/event_time.html
http://data-artisans.com/how-apache-flink-enables-new-streaming-applications-part-1/

20
Many operations in a dataflow simply look at one
individual event at a time, for example an event parser.
Some operations called stateful operations are defined as
the ones where data is needed to be stored at the end of a
window for computations occurring in later windows.
Now, where the state of these stateful operations is
maintained?

21
 The state can be stored in memory, in the File System
or in RocksDB which is an embedded key value data
store and not an external database.
 Flink also supports state versioning through
savepoints which are checkpoints of the state of a
running streaming job that can be manually triggered
by the user while the job is running.
 Savepoints enable:
• Code upgrades: both application and framework
• Cluster maintenance and migration
• A/B testing and what-if scenarios
• Testing and debugging.
• Restart a job with adjusted parallelism
Further reading: http://data-artisans.com/how-apache-flink-enables-new-streaming-
applications/
 https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/apis/streaming/savepoints.html

22
How to ensure that the state is correct after failures?
Apache Flink offers a fault tolerance mechanism to
consistently recover the state of data streaming
applications.
This ensures that even in the presence of failures, the
operators do not perform duplicate updates to their
state (exactly once guarantees). This basically means
that the computed results are the same whether there
are failures along the way or not.
There is a switch to downgrade the guarantees to at
least once if the use case tolerates duplicate updates.

23
Further reading:
• High-throughput, low-latency, and exactly-once stream
processing with Apache Flinkhttp://data-artisans.com/high-
throughput-low-latency-and-exactly-once-stream-processing-with-apache-
flink/
• Data Streaming Fault Tolerance document:
http://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-
master/internals/stream_checkpointing.html
• ‘Lightweight Asynchronous Snapshots for Distributed
Dataflows’ http://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.08603v1.pdf June 28, 2015
• Distributed Snapshots: Determining Global States of
Distributed Systems, February 1985, Chandra-Lamport
algorithm http://research.microsoft.com/en-
us/um/people/lamport/pubs/chandy.pdf

24
2.8. High Availability
In the real world, streaming analytics applications need
to be reliable and capable of running jobs for months
and remain resilient in the event of failures.
The JobManager (Master) is responsible for scheduling
and resource management. If it crashes, no new
programs can be submitted and running program will
fail.
Flink provides a High Availability (HA) mode to recover
from JobManager crash, to eliminate the Single Point
Of Failure (SPOF)
Further reading: JobManager High Availability
https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-
master/setup/jobmanager_high_availability.html

25
2.9. Backpressure handling
In the real world, there are situations where a system is
receiving data at a higher rate than it can normally
process. This is called backpressure.
Flink handles backpressure implicitly through its
architecture without user interaction while
backpressure handling in Spark is through manual
configuration: spark.streaming.backpressure.enabled.
Flink provides backpressure monitoring to allow users
to understand bottlenecks in streaming applications.
Further reading:
• How Flink handles backpressure? by Ufuk Celebi, Kostas Tzoumas and
Stephan Ewen, August 31, 2015. http://data-artisans.com/how-flink-handles-
backpressure/

26
2.10. Expressive and easy-to-use APIs in Scala and Java
 High level, expressive and easy to use DataStream API
with flexible window semantics results in significantly
less custom application logic compared to other open
source stream processing solutions.
 Flink's DataStream API ports many operators from its
DataSet batch processing API such as map, reduce, and
join to the streaming world.
 In addition, it provides stream-specific operations such
as window, split, connect, …
 Its support for user-defined functions eases the
implementation of custom application behavior.
 The DataStream API is available in Scala and Java.

27
2.10. Expressive and easy-to-use APIs in Scala and Java
case class Word (word: String, frequency: Int)
val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment()
val lines: DataStream[String] = env.fromSocketStream(...)
lines.flatMap {line => line.split(" ")
.map(word => Word(word,1))}
.window(Time.of(5,SECONDS)).every(Time.of(1,SECONDS))
.keyBy("word").sum("frequency")
.print()
env.execute()
val env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment()
val lines: DataSet[String] = env.readTextFile(...)
lines.flatMap {line => line.split(" ")
.map(word => Word(word,1))}
.groupBy("word").sum("frequency")
.print()
env.execute()
DataSet API (batch): WordCount
DataStream API (streaming): Window WordCount

28
2.11. Support for batch
 In Flink, batch processing is a special case of stream
processing, as finite data sources are just streams that
happen to end.
 Flink offers a full toolset for batch processing with a
dedicated DataSet API and libraries for machine learning
and graph processing.
 In addition, Flink contains several batch-specific
optimizations such as for scheduling, memory
management, and query optimization.
 Flink out-performs dedicated batch processing engine
such as Spark and Hadoop MapReduce in batch use
cases.

29
2.12. Integration with the Hadoop ecosystem
POSIX Java/Scala
Collections
POSIX

30
Agenda
Flink?

31
3. What are some streaming analytics use cases
suitable for Flink?
1. Financial services
2. Telecommunications
3. Online gaming systems
4. Security & Intelligence
5. Advertisement serving
6. Sensor Networks
7. Social Media
8. Healthcare
9. Oil & Gas
10. Retail & eCommerce
11. Transportation and logistics

32
Agenda
Flink?

33
from companies actually using Flink?
. Who is using Apache Flink?Some companies using Flink for streaming analytics:
[Telecommunications] [Retail] [Financial Services]
Gaming Security
[Gaming] [Security]
Powered by Flink [Companies, Software Projects,
Universities/Research Institutes]
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/FLINK/Powered+by+Flink

34
 Bouygues Telecom is a full-service communication
operator (mobile, fixed telephony, TV, Internet, and
Cloud computing) and one of the largest providers in
France, with over 11 million mobile subscribers, …
 Bouygues Telecom uses Flink for real-time event
processing and analytics over billions of Kafka
messages per day.
 Stream processing at Bouygues Telecom
with Apache Flink, by Mohamed Amine Abdessemed
• Blog: http://data-artisans.com/flink-at-bouygues-html/ June 1st , 2015
• Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/FlinkForward/mohamed-amine-abdessemed-
realtime-data-integration-with-apache-flink-kafka
• Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjmgZfXSi3M

35
Otto Group is the world’s second-largest online retailer in
the end-consumer (B2C) business and Europe’s largest
online retailer in the end-consumer B2C fashion and
lifestyle business.
 “A range of exciting projects at the
BI department were implemented with Apache Flink, e.g. a
crowd-sourced user-agent identification, and a search
session identifier.”
 How we selected Apache Flink as our Stream Processing
Framework at the Otto Group Business Intelligence Department?
October 6, 2015
Blog: http://data-artisans.com/how-we-selected-apache-flink-at-otto-group/ Slides:
http://www.slideshare.net/FlinkForward/christian-kreuzfeld-static-vs-dynamic-stream-processing
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnqPyw_uQAQ

36
 At king.com, Flink is used to process more than 30
billion events daily and compute real-time player
statistics by leveraging Flink's stateful streaming
abstractions and Complex Event Processing.
References:
• Apache Software Foundation Blog, March 8th 2016
• Blog:https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the_apache_software_foundation_announces88
• Hadoop Summit Dublin 2016, April 13, 2016
• Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/GyulaFra/largescale-stream-processing-in-the-hadoop-
ecosystem-hadoop-summit-2016-60887821/3
• Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRhCpp-p11E

37
 Zalando(.com) is Europe’s
leading online fashion platform, doing business in 15
markets and attracting well over 100 million visits per
month.
 “Delivering first-class shopping experiences to our
+14 million customers requires moving fast and using
cutting-edge, open-source technologies.”
 Near real time business intelligence for the following
use cases: Business process monitoring and
continuous ETL
 Apache Showdown: Flink vs. Spark by Javier Lopez,
Mihail Vieru - 31 March 2016https://tech.zalando.com/blog/apache-
showdown-flink-vs.-spark/

38
Capital One is a top 10 leading
consumer and commercial banking institution which is
conducting business in the US, Canada and UK.
Flink was used for Real-Time monitoring of
customer activity data (Audit log event details,
failure and success data, … ) to:
• proactively detect and resolve issue immediately
• prevent significant customer impact
• enable flawless digital enterprise experience
Flink Case study at Capital One, 2015 FlinkForward
Conference, Berlin, Germany October 12th 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/FlinkForward/flink-case-study-capital-one

39
Real-Time Monitoring of Customer Activity

40
 has its hack week and the winner, announced
on December 18th 2015, was a Flink based streaming project!
Extending the Yahoo! Streaming Benchmark and Winning Twitter
Hack-Week with Apache Flink. Posted on February 2, 2016 by
Jamie Grier http://data-artisans.com/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark/
http://www.slideshare.net/JamieGrier/stateful-stream-processing-at-inmemory-speed
 did some benchmarks to compare
performance of one of their use case originally implemented on
Apache Storm against Spark Streaming and Flink. Results posted
on December 18, 2015
• http://yahooeng.tumblr.com/post/135321837876/benchmarking-streaming-computation-engines-
at
• http://data-artisans.com/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark/
• https://github.com/dataArtisans/yahoo-streaming-benchmark
• http://www.slideshare.net/JamieGrier/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark

41
Generic Streaming Analytics Architectural pattern:
This is changing with Flink’s alerts, StreamSQL, state
querying, FlinkCEP, …
Event
Producers
Collector
Broker
Processor
Indexer
Visualizer/Search
• Kafka
• RabitMQ
• JMS
• Amazon
Kinesis
• Google Cloud
Pub/Sub
• MapR Streams
• Flink
• Spark
• Storm
• Samza
• Kafka
streams
• ElasticSearch
• Solr
• Cassandra
• HBase
• MapR DB
• MongoDB
• Apache Geode
• Kibana
• Custom
GUI
• Flume
• SpringXD
• Logstash
• Nifi
• Fluentd
• Apps
• Devices
• Sensors

42
Agenda
Flink?

43
Flink?
5.1. Flink as an imbedded key/value data store
5.2. Flink as a distributed CEP engine

44
5.1. Flink as an imbedded key/value data store
 The stream processor as a database: a new design pattern for data
streaming applications, using Apache Flink and Apache Kafka:
Building applications directly on top of the stream processor, rather
than on top of key/value databases populated by data streams.
 The stateful operator features in Flink allow a streaming application
to query state in the stream processor instead of a key/value store
often a bottleneck http://data-artisans.com/extending-the-yahoo-streaming-benchmark/

45
“State querying” feature is expected in upcoming Flink 1.1
http://www.slideshare.net/JamieGrier/stateful-stream-processing-at-inmemory-speed/38

46
Flink stream processor as CEP (Complex Event
Processing) engine. Example: an application that
ingests network monitoring events, identifies access
patterns such as intrusion attempts using FlinkCEP, and
analyzes and aggregates identified access patterns.
Upcoming Talk: Streaming analytics and CEP - Two sides of the
same coin’ by Till Rohrmann and Fabian Hueske at the Berlin
Buzzwords on June 05-07 2016.
http://berlinbuzzwords.de/session/streaming-analytics-and-cep-two-sides-same-coin
Further reading:
– Introducing Complex Event Processing (CEP) with Apache Flink,
Till Rohrmann April 6, 2016 http://flink.apache.org/news/2016/04/06/cep-
monitoring.html
– FlinkCEP - Complex event processing for
Flinkhttps://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/apis/streaming/libs/cep.html

47
Pattern<MonitoringEvent, ?> warningPattern =
Pattern.<MonitoringEvent>begin("First Event")
.subtype(TemperatureEvent.class)
.where(evt -> evt.getTemperature()>=THRESHOLD)
.next("Second Event")
.subtype(TemperatureEvent.class)
.where(evt -> evt.getTemperature() >= THRESHOLD)
.within(Time.seconds(10));

48
Agenda
1. Why streaming analytics are emerging?
Flink?

49
 A few resources for you:
• Overview of Apache Flink: the 4G of Big Data Analytics
Frameworks, Hadoop Summit Europe, April 13th 2016
• Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/SlimBaltagi/overview-of-apache-fink-the-4-g-
of-big-data-analytics-frameworks
• Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BZURQn2EQI
• Flink Knowledge Base: One-Stop for everything related
to Apache Flink. http://sparkbigdata.com/component/tags/tag/27-flink
• Flink at the Apache Software Foundation: flink.apache.org/
• Free Apache Flink training from data Artisans
http://dataartisans.github.io/flink-training
• Flink Forward Conference, 12-14 September 2016,
Berlin, Germany http://flink-forward.org/ (call for submissions announced
on April 13th , 2016)

50
• Free ebook from MapR: Streaming Architecture: New
Designs Using Apache Kafka and MapR Streams
https://www.mapr.com/streaming-architecture-using-apache-kafka-mapr-streams
• Free ebook from Confluent: Making sense of stream
processing http://www.confluent.io/making-sense-of-stream-processing-
ebook
 A few takeaways:
• Apache Flink unique capabilities enable new and
sophisticated use cases especially for real-world
streaming analytics.
• Customers demand will push major Hadoop
distributors to package Flink and support it.
• Apache Flink will enable innovations and disruptions in
many verticals with its capabilities in real-world
streaming analytics.

51
Thanks!
To all of you for attending!
Let’s keep in touch!
• sbaltagi@gmail.com
• @SlimBaltagi
• https://www.linkedin.com/in/slimbaltagi
Any questions?

Apache Fink 1.0: A New Era for Real-World Streaming Analytics

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