One of my old revision powerpoints from high school. Hope they help x

1. Organic Chemistry
Revision
Grade 10

2. What is crude oil?
It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

3. How was crude oil formed?
• From the buried remains of
animals and plants
• over millions of years
• High pressure and
temperature.

4. What are hydrocarbons?
Are compounds made up of
hydrogen and carbon only.

5. What is the name of the process
used for separating crude oil?
Fractional distillation

6. What is the name of the apparatus
used for separating crude oil?
Fractionating column

7. Name four fractions produced by
fractional distillation.
Refinery gas
Petrol
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel bitumen

8. Referring to the size of the hydrocarbon,
which one fraction will be collected at
the top? At the bottom of the
fractionating tower?
Short fractions at the top
Long fractions at the bottom

9. What are the products of the complete
combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon dioxide and water vapour

10. What are the products of the incomplete
combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon monoxide and water
vapour

11. What is the name of the poisonous
gas produced by incomplete
combustion?
Carbon monoxide

12. What is the effect of this gas on
health?
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous
gas.
It decreases the oxygen carriers in
blood.
It may cause death if its level in
blood is high.

13. How can you break long chain
hydrocarbons?
By cracking

14. What is the difference between cracking
and fractional distillation?
Cracking is a chemical process
while fractional distillation is a
physical process.

15. What are the conditions for cracking?
High temperature
catalyst

16. What is a homologous series?
Members of the series have the
Same general formula.
Similar chemical properties
Successive members differ by CH2
similar physical properties such as
appearance, melting/boiling points,

17. What is the general formula of alkanes?
Cn H2n+2

18. What is the general formula of alkenes?
Cn H2n

19. Give the molecular formula of:
ethane
propene
butene
methane
C 2 H6
C 3 H6
C 4 H8
C H4

20. Draw the structural formula of propane

21. Draw the structural formula of butene

22. What is the chemical test used to
differentiate between alkanes and
alkenes? what is the result?
Bromine water test
The bromine will decolorize in
alkenes and stays orange brown in
alkanes.

23. Write the polymerization reaction of
polyethene.
n C C C C
n

24. Name two other polymers and draw their
monomers then name them.
H CH3
Polypropene
C C
H H
H Cl
polychloroethene C C
H H