The Concept of Metaphysics

2. Metaphysics is the interest issue which
most persons need to study clearly that
“what is the ultimate truth appearing behind
the phenomena of the nature”.
In this issue, we‟ll study as follows;
1. The world or cosmos
2. Mind or Spirist
3. God

3. 1. The World or Cosmos
The concept concerning the world in
Buddhism, the Lord Buddha said that;
“Once, when long time has passed and
the world is being ruined,….long time this
world will appear and grow
continuously…that time all cosmoses become
the water, so dark, we cannot see anything,
because the moon and sun do not appear
yet, month and half-month do not appear
too.

4. “by long time, Humus (+spirit=human)
will appear on surface of water, complete
with colour, good smell, good test is like
pure honey”.

5. Afterwards, the sun, moon and various
stars appear. Days, nights and seasons
appear. And the same time, three
mountains appear, namely cosmos, Sineru
and Himalaya mountain. The first two are
invisible, human being cannot see.

6. When the World and cosmos has
begun, they change according day and
time, that are, rising, maintaining and
falling.

7. The boundary
of the world and cosmos
The Lord Buddha said that “the
boundary of them is too wide. Each
contains of following components;
1. the sun, the light of its for the fear
2. the moon, the light of pleasure
3. the four worlds, namely;

8. 4.1 the world which human dwells,
it is situated in the south of Sineru
Mountain.
4.2. the world which situated in
the north of Sineru.
4.3. the world which situated in
the east of Sineru.
4.4 the world which situated in the
west of Sineru.

9. Besides, each world, there are 500
natural satellites approximately moving
around them. And moreover, in concept of
Buddhist philosophy, there are still a large
amount of the worlds and cosmoses, as
the Buddha said;

10. “In a cosmos, the boundary of its is due
to the moon, the sun move around them,
shinny, brightly. The world appears in a
thousand cosmoses, in them there are
thousand suns, thousand Sineru,
thousand Jumbudipas, thousand
Aparayoganas, thousand Uttarakurus,
thousand Pubbavidehas, and there are
four thousand oseans, these called small
Lokadatu (Galaxy).

11. “The world multiplies with the a
thousand of the small galaxy, this call
middle galaxy. The world multiplies with
the middle galaxy, this call the largest
galaxy”

12. The world
of Human and Animal
The world in which human and animal
dwell can be divided into tree type
according to the specie of all animals, that
are;
1. Absorptions of the Formless Sphere
(Arupa) 4
2. The Form Sphere. (Rupa) 16
3. The sphere of existence dominated
by sensual pleasures (Kama) 6

13. 2. Mind and Spirit
Mind and spirit is the serious issue
which always still be argued that “ what is
it?, Where does it exist?, How does it relate
with human body?.
For answer this question, I‟ll divide into
two types, that are;
2.1 The meaning of mind and spirit
2.2 The relationship between mind and
spirit.

14. 2.1 The meaning
of mind and spirit.
The term “mind” is abstract. We call the
character of its “mind process or vithicitta”.
There are 17 types.

15. 2.2 The relationship
between mind and body
In concept of Buddhist Philosophy, what
is the most important in our body is “mind”
and “body”. Both of them have to be
combined, and make human has a life. We
call the five aggregates ,
1.Form
2.Feeling
3.Perception
4.Mental formation and
5. Conciousness

16. 3. God
The philosophical argument of “the existence of god”
have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists,
and others. In philosophical terms, arguments for and against
the existence of God involve primarily the sub-disciplines of
epistemology (theory of knowledge) and ontology (nature of
being), but also of the theory of value, since concepts of
perfection are often bound up with notions of God.

17. 3.1 The existence of God
The Lord Buddha said several time
about god, such as,
“when the world is being ruined, most
animal rebirth in Apassara Brahma, they
have mental magical power, rapture
(piti),…can go in the air, live in the luxury
palace, and have been living in that state
(Bhava) for long time”

18. urethra
Afterwards, one of the gods in Apassara
Brahma had tried to test the fragrant humus
and know that „it is good test‟, and persuade
others.
When having humus, the aura
disappeared, their skin was relate, and they
had eaten the humus, have to defecate.
Hence, the nine sense-doors appear,
namely, two eyes, two ears, two nose, anus,
and urethra.

20. In concept of Buddhism, there are a lot
of gods. What is very importance is, they
can rebirth as a human being including an
animal such as beast etc., and in the same
way, human can be the god including
others kind of animal.
Hence, God or gods are not the noblest
one, they are just some kind of animal,
because they can die due to Law of nature.

21. Then, the Lord Buddha do not praise them
as “the Noblest one”, but praise as the “one
who do the good action”.

22. The kind of animal
The kinds of god are difference,
namely, if he is a male, call “god”, and if a
female, call “goddess” and both of all we
call “god”.
In concept of Theravada Buddhism,
there are three kinds as follows;

23. 1. Gods by convention.
2. Gods by rebirth.
3. Gods by purification.

24. God by convention
God by convention is the one are
admired by people, such as, the king, the
queen and all royal family etc.

25. God by rebirth
God by rebirth is the one is the god by
birth, namely, god, goddess etc. We can
conclude as follows;
- Arupa Brahma : No body, only mind.
- Rupa Brahma : have the body and
mind but without gender.
- The god in the heaven.
- The god who live between heaven and
human world, such as Rukkha Deva etc.
- The god who live between human
world and hell, such as Nakaraja etc.

26. Gods by purification
Means they are the pure one by clean
all actions in body, speech and mind, they
are not rebirth as human being again, that
are Buddha, Enlightened one etc.

27. Conclusion
The concept of Metaphysic in Theravada
Buddhist Philosophy relating “universe,
mind and spirit, and gods”, even the Lord
Buddha has taught, but sometime not clear
for wonderers, because when Buddha
answer, but problem is not the end.
Hence, when wonderer ask Him, He
choose to answer by various methods;

28. 1. Answer by himself frankly.
2. Classify, explain and put the sample
3. Question in return
4. No answer, if the question is useless.