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ဂ်ာနယ္ေက်ာ္-၁၉၃၉ ခုနွစ္
ဂ်ာနယ္ေက်ာ္-၁၉၃၉ ခုနွစ္
ဂ်ာနယ္ေက်ာ္-၁၉၃၉ ခုနွစ္
ဂ်ာနယ္ေက်ာ္-၁၉၃၉ ခုနွစ္
တြတ္ပီ-အခ်စ္အတြက္အသက္ပင္ေသေသ
တြတ္ပီ-အခ်စ္အတြက္အသက္ပင္ေသေသ
တြတ္ပီ-မီးဝိုင္ေသာလိပ္
တြတ္ပီ-မီးဝိုင္ေသာလိပ္
9580337 ttm5
9580337 ttm5
တြတ္ပီ-ေရႊသံုးက်ပ္သား
တြတ္ပီ-ေရႊသံုးက်ပ္သား
တြတ္ပီ-ေခြးကေလးေဂ်ာ္ကီ
တြတ္ပီ-ေခြးကေလးေဂ်ာ္ကီ
တြတ္ပီ-ကြ်န္ုနွင့္က်ားမင္း
တြတ္ပီ-ကြ်န္ုနွင့္က်ားမင္း
9580305 ttm11
9580305 ttm11
သိကၡာရွိတဲ့ မုန္႔ဟင္းခါး (မိုးမိုးအင္းလ်ား)
သိကၡာရွိတဲ့ မုန္႔ဟင္းခါး (မိုးမိုးအင္းလ်ား)
Me yaung-moe-moe-inya
Me yaung-moe-moe-inya
ေမာင္စိန္၀င္း(ပုတီးကုန္း) သမုဒယ၀တ္ရည္ ကဗ်ာမ်ား-1
ေမာင္စိန္၀င္း(ပုတီးကုန္း) သမုဒယ၀တ္ရည္ ကဗ်ာမ်ား-1
ျမန္မာႏွင့္ဥေဒါင္း - ေစာမုံညင္း
ျမန္မာႏွင့္ဥေဒါင္း - ေစာမုံညင္း
အတိတ္ နိမိတ္ စနည္း တေဘာင္ ဘေ၀ါ - ဟံသာ၀တီဦးဘရင္
အတိတ္ နိမိတ္ စနည္း တေဘာင္ ဘေ၀ါ - ဟံသာ၀တီဦးဘရင္
ဒဂုန္ေရႊမ်ွား-နီနီေလး
ဒဂုန္ေရႊမ်ွား-နီနီေလး
ေရႊ၀ါျပည္ (ရန္ကုန္ဘေဆြ)
1.
1 ]a&T0gjynf} 1/ a&T0gjynfüqefayg xdkUaMumifh a&T0gjynfom;wkdUtm;vkH; xrif;0aeMu/
xrif;0aomaMumifh xkH;pHtwdkif;ysif;Mu/ ysif;aomaMumifh wjznf;jznf; zsif;vmMu/ zsif;aomaMumifh MumaomfiwfukefMu/ xdkUjyif a&T0gjynfoljynfom;tm;vkH; bmrQratmifhEdkif pdwftm;nHUzsif;vmMu/ bmrQrvkyfvJb,ft&mrqdktacsmifvdkcsifvmMu/ b,folrqdk rdrdtbdkUcsnf; pOf;pm;vmMu/ bmudpörqdk rdrdbufucsnf; awG;awmvmMu/ þrQedrfhudsaom a&T0gjynfoljynfom;wkdU pdwfae,dk,Gif;rIonf 0rf;a&m*gul; pufouJUodkU rdrdppfwyfwGif;odkUa&mufatmif ul;pufNyD;aeNyDudk AdkvfcsKyfBuD; oefrmonf ,ckrSod/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrm rsufvkH;xJü a&T0gjynfBuD;onf aeylusJusJwGif Munfh&if; Munfh&if; t&nfaysmfusaeaom a&cJwkH;BuD;uJUodkU jrifvm/ jzpfEdkifvQif þa&T0gjynf BuD;wpfckvkH;udk tEkjrLAkH;rsm;jzifh wNydKifeufwnf;BuJcsazmufzGJypfcsifvm/ awG;&if; awG;&if; tvGefpdwfrcsrf;romjzpfae&mrS aigufueJx&yf/ wNydKifwnf;yif jyif;xefaomaoewfoHrsm;udk tvGefeD;uyfpGmMum;&/ aoewf usnfqHrsm;onf eH&Hudkazmuf0ifvmMu/ tcsufqufxGufaom pufaoewfi,fuav; rsm;toHonf tqufrjywfay:vm/ xdktoHwdkUMum;xJrS atmf[pfqJqdkaeMuaom toHwdkUonf vloHESifhrwlbJ wd&pämefawG atmfaeovdkay:xGuf/ {nfhcef;tjyifbufü tBudwfte,f wkdufyGJjzpfae[ef&Sdonf/ {nfhcef;wGif ta&;taMumif;&Sdu vG,fvifhwulxGufEdkifaom xGufaygufokH;ck&Sd/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrm pm;yGJtwGif;ü tvdk&SdvQif toifhtokH;jyK&efxm;aom usnfbl;toifhwwfNyD; pufaoewftaygpm;wck&Sd/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrmonf taMumif;&Sdu tvG,fxGufEdkifaom xGufaygufudk vSrf;Munfhonf/ xdkUaemufpm;yGJtHqGJudkzGifhvsuf pufaoewfi,fudkMunfhonf/ xdkUaemuf pm;yGJtHqGJudkaqmifhydwfvsuf vufcsnf;oufoufwdkufyGJjzpfae&mbufodkU tdajE´&pGmxGuf / wHcg;zGifhvdkufonfESifh ,rf;eHUrsm;u ESmacgif;xJodkU 0ifvm/ arSmifaeaom,rf; aiGUrsm;twGif;ü aoG;tdkifxJwGif twkH;t&kH;usqkH;aeaom
2.
2 rdrdAdkvf tMuyfwyfom;wdkU udkawGU&/
xdkUaemufb,fwkH;urQ rarQmfvifhcJUaom rdrdtm;&efjyKvmolwdkUudk awGU&/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrmyg;pyfonf [oGm;/ xdkUaemuf touf&SL&rnfudkarhavsmh ae/ xdkUaemuf [uf[ufyufyuf &,f/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrm&,farmjcif;udk ypfcwfwdkufcdkufaeMuolwkdUu tHUtm;oifh vsuf typftcwf&yfoGm;Mu/ aoewfBuD;awGvufuudkifvsuf rsufvkH;tjyL;om;ESifh 0dkif;MunfhMu/ a&S;OD;pGmowd&olum; AdkvfrSL;ausmufwdkUjzpfonf/ AdkvfrSL;ausmufwdkifonf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrm a&SUajy;&yfvsuf tumuG,fay; vdkuf/ þokdUjyKvkyfrIaMumifhyifvQif wbufrS owd&vmMuum aoewfoHay:vm/ xdkaoewfoHESifhtwl AdkvfrSL;ausmufwdkifESifhwuG AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oefrmvnf; vJusoGm;/ (2) urÇmajrvkH;ay:ü ajrmufbuf aeoGm;vrf;aMumif;wnfhwnfhavmufwGif a&T0gjynf&Sd/ awmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESifh yifv,fjyifwdkU0dkif;&Humywfxm;aomaMumifh a&S;acwftcgu tjcm;aom wdkif;jynfwkdUrS vma&muf0ifxGuf&efcJ,Of;/ rkwfokHopfawmBuD;rsm; oH oGwf cJykwf aiG-ausmufpdrf; y,if;ESifh ausmufeD xGufaom awmifrsm;&Sd/ a&eHxGufaomajrrsm;ESifh oD;yifpm;yifpdkufysKd;&ef aumif;aom ajrMoZmjzifh pdrf;pdkaeonfh ajrjyefUvGifjyifrsm;&Sd/ ajrmufbufawmifwef;BuD;rsm;rS jzwfí taemufawmifbuf yifv,fjyiftxd tvsm;vdkufpD;qif;aom a&T0g0wdjrpfBuD; vnf;&Sd/ xdkjrpfBuD;urf;ab;wGif cdkif;EGm;rsm; uRJrsm;wkdUonf uGif;jyifzkH;rQaygjynfh/ ukef;wef;awmifurlwkdUürl jrif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;aom awmwd&pämefrsm; aysmfyg;jrL;wl;Mu/ þodkUaom t&yfwGifa&T0gvlrsKd;wkdUonf tcsif;csif;Adkvfvkvsuf jynfe,ftoD;oD; cJGa0í NrdKUjywnfaxmifaeMu/ vGefcJUaomESpfaygif; 1950-cefUu a&T0gjynfudka&mufbl;cJUaom tD&efukefonf BuD;wOD; rSwfwrf;wGif atmufygtwdkif; trSwftom;jyKcJU/ a&T0gjynfudk tpdk;&aomrif;onf xif&Sm;ausmfaZm/ olppfonf&Jrufrsm;onf uod®,? yvl0ESifh £E´Kjrpf0Srf;wavQmuf EdkifiH&Sd&Jruf Adkvfygrsm;xuf rsm;jym;onf ppfcsD wufwdkif; wdkufqifaygif; ig;aomif;ESifh csDwuf/ wyfrawmfBuD;wGif ppfonf&Jrufudk rqdkxm;bdt0wfavQmfaom c0gonfOD;a&yif waomif;ausmf/ xdka&T0gjynfü tjcm;b,fEdkifiHrQ r&ufwwfaom t0wftxnfrsKd;udkawGU&/ xdkt0wftxnfrsKd;wkdUudk 0wfqif&ef csKyfvkyfNyD;aomtcg tvGefEl;nHUajymhaysmif;aom aMumifh vufpGyfuGif;xJodkU xkwfaygufvQKdEdkif/ om;NrD;jzifh jyKaom,yfrsm;udkvnf;
3.
3 jrifbl;cJU&/ acgif;ay:ü OD;csKdwacsmif;wnf;om&Sdaom
¤if;wdkUtac:ESifh BuHUac:onfh taumifrsKd;udkvnf; awGUcJU/ uREkfyfwkdUonf xdka&T0gjynfüBuHUom;udk pm;cJUMu&/ a&T0gjynfopfawmwkdUü BuHUaumiftvGefaygrsm;/ tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif BuHUaumifudk uREkfyfwkdU awGUbl;Muaomf vnf; a&T0gjynfwGifawGU&aom BuHUrsm;avmuf OD;csKdvSyonfh BuHUaumifwdkUudk rawGUbl; cJUMu&/ a&T0gjynfom;wkdUonf xdkBuHUaumifwkdU OD;csKdrsm;udk xGufukeftjzpf w&kyfjynfokdU wifydkUMu/ w&kyfwkdUonf BuHUcsKdrsm;udk cg;ywfjyKvkyf0wfqifMu/ wefbdk;BuD;pGmay;í 0,fMu/ BuHUcsKdykHyef;udkvdkufí vSyvGef;vQif aiGydócsdefokH;av;q,fay;í 0,f,lMu onf/ BuHUcsKdrsm;tjyif qifpG,fwkdUudkvnf; ta&mif;t0,fjyKMuao;/ a&T0gjynfom;wkdU onf qifudkzrf;&m arG;jrLMu&mü *kwåEdkifiHom;wkdUxuf ydkrdkuRrf;usifMuonf/ txufyg tD&efukefonfBuD; rSwfwrf;tjyif w&kyfjynfBuD; ordkif;üvnf; a&T0gjynftaMumif;udk a&;om;xm;aom rSwfpkrSwfwrf;tcsKdU&Sdao;onf/ xdkw&kyfjynfBuD;ordkif;ü a&T0gjynfBuD;taMumif;udk a&;om;&mwGif a&T0gjynf rif;BuD;onf wdkif;crf;vSnfhvnfaomtcg a&TBudK;rsm;jzifh qdkif;wyfaom ovGefanmif apmif;xufü vnf;avQmif;&if; xGufonf[kqdk/ c&D;a0;vHcsDvQif qifpD;íxGuf/ eef;wGif;üa&T0gjynf bk&ifrif;BuD;udk &maygif; rsm;pGmaom tysKdawmfwkdU0ef;&Hcpm;/ a&T0gjynfom;wkdUonf EdkifiHNrdKU&dk;BuD;rsm;udk pdrf;zefUzefUta&mif&Sdaom pOftkwf csyfrsm;jzifh aqmufvkyf/ NrdKUrsm;onf NrdKU0dkif;rsm;jzpfMuvsuf us,f0ef;vSy/ NrdKU&dk;wHcg; 12-ayguf&Sd/ NrdKUav;rsufESmbuf apwDwqlMupDwnfxm;/ EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;wkdUonf NrdKUwGif;üomaeMu/ NrdKUol-NrdKUom;rsm;onf tdrfudkow¦Krsm;oGyfrsm;jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom tkwf<uyfjzifh rdk;Mu/ ydawmufom;? uRef;om;? ysOf;uwdk;om;wdkUjzifh tdrfudkaqmufvkyfMu/ EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;rsm;onf owå0gwkdUtoufudk owfjzwfjcif;rS wwftm;oa&TU a&SmifMuOfMu/ wOD;ESifhwOD;awGUaomtcg wOD;vufarmif;ESpfbufudk wOD;u vufESpfzufjzifhqkyfvsuf EIwfqufMu/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif; eu©wfaA'ifa[mwwfMujcif;? ,kHMunfwwfjcif;rSm a&T0gjynfxl;jcm;csufw&yfjzpf/ a&T0gjynfom;wdkUonf Ak'´omoem0ifrsm; jzpfMuí... r[m,eESifh [dem,e Ak'´bmomESpfckvkH;udk a&,Sufudk;uG,fMu/ ewfudkvnf; udk;uG,fMu/ bkef;BuD;rsm; onf 'um'umrwdkUtay:ü MoZm&Sdvsuf vlUudpöwdkUudk qkH;rnTefMum;Mu&/ xdkUaMumifh vnf; 'um'umrwkdUu bkef;BuD;ausmif;aygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm aqmufvkyfudk;uG,fxm;Mu onf/
4.
4 bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;udkvnf; rSefa&mif awmufaomtkwfcsyfjzifh aqmufvkyfMu/
rSefa&mifawmufaomtkwfcsyfudk [oFmjy'g;okwfum a&TaiGwdkUjzifhpDcs,f/ vSyaom aq;a&mifrsm;jzifhvnf;okwf/ ausmif;rsm;Murf;jyifudkvnf; aq;okwfí ta&mifwif xm;Mu/ xdkMurf;ay:ü tqef;wus,fjyKvkyfaom aumfaZmBuD;rsm; cif;xm;Muukef/ bk&ifheef;awmfudkvnf; bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;uJUodkU vSypGmaqmufvkyf/ bk&ifh eef;awmfudk bkef;BuD;ausmif;uJUodkU twkjyKí aqmufoavm? bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk bk&ifheef;awmfuJUokdU twkjyKíaqmufoavm uREkfyfwdkUrodcJU&ay/ uREkfyfwkdUodcJU&onfum; a,musfm;uav;rsm;onf ckESpfESpfom;t&G,fodkUa&muf vQif acgif;wkH;&dwfNyD;ouFef;pnf;Mu&/ toufESpfq,f t&G,fxdatmif udk&if0wfNyD;rS avmukwå&mpmayudk rwwfuRrf;vQif vl0wfjyefjyKMu&onf/ xdkudk&ifvlxGufwkdUonf qHyifr&SnfrSDumvtwGif; a&TjzihfjyKvkyfaom yef;EG,fyef; cufrsm; wyfqifxm;onfh OD;xkyfrsKd; ykHvfrsm;tbdk;wefaom ausmufrsm; pDcs,fxm;onfh OD;xkyfrsKd;wkdUudk aqmif;Mu/ <u,f0csrf;omvsuf trsKd;jrwfaomolwkdUonf BuHUOD;csKd ESifhwlaom OD;xkyfrsKd;wkdUudkjyKvkyfí aqmif;Mu/ qHyif&Snfvmaom tcsdefwGif OD;&pf acgif;aygif;rsm;udk aygif;Muonf/ OD;&pfacgif;aygif;rsm;onf yg;íacsmaom csnfrQifwkdU jzifh yef;yGifhyef;cufay:atmifjyKvkyfxm;aom yk0grsm;jzpfMu/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh udk&ifvl xGufrsm; r[kwfMuvQif ppfcsDwufaomtcgrS OD;xkyfrsm;udk aqmif;wwfMuonf/ bk&ifheef;awmfBuD;wGif a&TjzifhoGef;vkyfxm;aomacgif;avmif;jym;wck? aiGjzifhoGef; vkyfxm;aom acgif;avmif;jym;wck? opf,m;jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom BuD;rm;vSonfh AkHBuD; wpfck&Sdonf/ xdkt&mwkdUudktrSwftom; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh aeUpOfwD;cwfay;&/ a&T0gjynf om;wkdUonf xdkwD;cwfoHudkMum;&ojzifh þum; tcsdefrnfrQ&SdNyD? þum;... bk&ifrIcif; ppfNyD? þum;tjypf&SdolwkdUudktjypfay;NyD? þum; &efolwdkU EdkifiHteD;tyg;odkU csOf;uyf vmNyDpojzifh odMu/ ppfjzpfrnfqdkvQif u&ufeuf eHUomwkH;rsm;udk rD;&IHUum ppfEdkifrnf&IH;rnfudk edrdwf aumufMu/ aA'ifwGufMu/ ewfudkylaZmfyoMu/ a&T0gjynfwGif ayw&mrQjrifhaom ewf&kyfBuD;wck&Sd/ trItcif;jzpfyGm;olrsm;onf xdkewf&kyfBuD;a&SUwGif eHUomwkH;rsm;udk rD;&IdHUvdkuf 'l;wkyf0yfwGm;um trI&IH;rnf Edkifrnfudk t"dXmefjyKMu/ EdkifiHwGif;ü uyfa&m*gqdkufa&mufvQif¤if;? &moDOwkazgufjyefjcif;? a&BuD;jcif;? oD;ESHysufpD;jcif; ponfwkdUjzpfyGm;vQif¤if;? a&T0gjynfbk&ifonf xdkewf&kyfBuD;a&SUodkU oGm;a&muf'l;wkyfum rif;usifhw&m;ESifhtnD usifhygrnf[k... awmif;yeft"dXmefjyK/ &mZ0wfaumifrsm;udk a&T0gom;wkdUonf taESmiftzGJUrjyKay/ BuD;av;aom &mZ0wfrIusL;vGefolrsm;udk ig;vkH;yl;xm;aomBudrfjzifh ausmjyifudk ig;csuf&dkufESuf/
5.
5 jypfrIao;i,fusL;vGefolrsm;udk ig;vkH;yl;Budrfjzifh okH;csuf&dkufESuf/
ckd;rIusL;vGefolrsm; onf BuD;av;aomjypfrIudk tpjyKí usL;vGefvmoljzpfaomaMumifh ao'Pftjypfay;/ a&T0gjynfwGif yJ? pyg;? ajymif;rsm;udk pdkufysKd;Mu/ BuHyifrsm;vnf; vlUajcovkH; cefUxGm;/ *sKHESifh ydkufqHyifrsm;raygufacs? pdkufysKd;jcif;vnf; r&SdMuacs/ a&TESifhaiGrsm;udkvnf; v0ef;ae0ef;ESifh vjcrf;o@mef jyKvkyfokH;pJGMu/ a&T0gjynf om;wkdUonf ntcsdefwGif tvif;a&mif&&efa&eHrsm; tjcm;aom wd&pämeftqDrsm;ESifh za,mif;rsm;udkcGufodkUxnfhvsuf xrif;ajcmufrsm; eHUomwkH;rsm;jzifh a&mxnfhrD;&IdUxGef;nSd Mu/ EdkifiHeD;jcif;rsm;ESifh ukefcsif;zvS,fMuaomtcg zGwfa&? 0g*Grf;? ovif;ausmuf/ ajra&waumif;rsm;jzifh zvS,fMu/ a&T0gjynfolrsm;onf qHyif&Snfxm;um qHxkH;-xkH;Muvsuf ykvJoG,frsm;.... ausmufrsuf&JwkdUjzifhpDjc,ftyfonfh a&TBudK;rsm;udkyefqifMu/ ta&miftrsKd;rsKd; qdk;xm;aom xrDudk0wfMu/ tusøay:wGifvnf; yg;vTmaomydk;wbufudk NcKHvTrf;xm; / vrf;xGufaomtcg ,yfawmifrsm;udk udkifaqmifMuonf/ rif;rIxrf;uawmfwkdU aemufü ,yfawmifudkif tajrmuftrsm;vdkufygMu&/ þonfum; vGefcJUonfhESpfaygif; waxmifausmfu a&T0gjynfudk a&mufbl;vmMuonfh w&kyftrsKd;om;wkdUrSwfwrf;jzpf/ txufygrSwfwrf;udk bwfNyD;Muaom &mZ0if0goemxkHolwdkif; a&T0gjynf taMumif;udk ydkípdwf0ifpm;apEdkifaom rSwfwrf;wck&Sdao;onf/ xdkrSwfwrf;udk vGefcJU onfh&Spfq,fhig;ESpfu zdkufcsftrnf&Sdaom t*FvdyfvlrsKd;wOD;ua&;/ a&S;tcg a&T0gjynfodkUa&mufbl;Muaom tD&efukefonfBuD;rsm; w&kyftrskd;om;rsm; rSwfwrf;ESifh t*FvdyfvlrsKd; ]zdkufcsf}rSwfwrf;onf ESpfaygif;udk;&mausmfuGmjcm;/ zdkufcsfuqdkavonf a&T0gjynfom;wkdUonf rGef*dktEG,fjzpfaMumif; odomxif&Sm; / vkH;aomOau©mif; usOf;aomezl;&Sd/ rsufaphae&mü txufrSatmufodkUoG,fusOf; us,fíjym;aom rsufBuD;aomyg;&dk;&Sd/ ar;&dk;BuD;xGm;[efr&Sd/ EIwfcrf;xla,mifESifh wif;wif;aph/ ar;wdk? ESmacgif;0us,f/ jym;/ rkwfqdwfarG; yg;odkif;arG;r&SdMu/ EIwfcrf;arG;oufouf BudK;usJ&Sd/ t&yf 5ay-cJGywfvnfü&SdMuí udk,fayguf vufa&muftcsKd;us/ ajcwHvufwH rQw/ wnfhrwfaomOau©mif; ajzmifhwef;aom yckH;vufjyif? us,fum;aom&iftkyf? odrfaomcg;&Sd/ <uufom;BuD;rsm;pkxGufaeaom ajcaxmufrsm;&Sd/ usef;cefoefpGrf; aom vlrsKd;jzpfaomaMumifh pdwfrESHUoludk,ft*FgcsKd,Gif;olenf;/
6.
6 rdrdudk,frdrd ,kHMunfpdwfcsjcif;udk rsufESmuaz:jyí
usef;rmoefpGrf;aMumif;udk oGufvufaom ajcvSrf;uaz:jy/ qHyifudk xyfay:wGifwkH; qHxkH;udk ydwfacsm odkUr[kwf ydk;y0gjzifh &pfywfxm;/ &moDudkvkdufí csDxnfodkUr[kwf ouúvyftusøudk cg;txd zm;vsm;usapvsuf0wf/ cg;üajcovkH;txdzkH;tkyfaom csnfodkUr[kwf ydk;ycuf ac:onfht&mudk0wf/ wcgw&Hxdkykqdk; tpwzuf yckH;ay:üuydku&dkwifxm;/ tom;ndK/ tcsKdU0if;0g/ a&T0gjynftrsKd;orD;wkdUonf trsKd;om;rsm;xuf tom;0if;/ odrfarGUaom &kyf&nf&SdMu/ udk,fvkH;vSyajyjypfaMumh&Sif;/ oG,fvsaysmhaysmif;aomajcvuf&Sd/ xl;qef;onfum; a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf arT;aomopfacgufwrsKd;udk vSypGmjyKvkyf xm;onfh ausmufcyfxufwGif a&jzifhaoG;í rsufESmESifh udk,fvkH;udkvdrf;vl; rsufESmay: wGif pdwf&oavmuf vSypGmjc,fvl;/ xdkopfacguf ta&mifonf 0gazsmhvsuf vSy/ xdkopfacgufteHYUonf tvGef,Ofaus;pGmoif;ysHUysHU waiGUaiGUarT;/ rsufESmudk tvStyjyKjyif&mü a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf tjcm;aomvlrsKd;rsm;toD;oD; wkdUxuf xl;jcm;/ pm;&efjyKvkyfxm;onfh vbuf&Gufudk rsufckH;arT;qJG&mü tokH;jyK/ xdkt&Gufonf tom;jzL0if;olwkdU twGufndKarmif;armif;ta&mifjzifhap/ rJeufjywf xifjcif;r&Sd ajyjypf/ EIwfcrf;eDap&eftyifrSjzpfaom uGrf;&Guf? uGrf;oD;? &Sm;ap;ESifh ajrrSxGufaomxkH; wkdUudk a&mpyfpm;/ xdkodkUpm;jcif;onf EIwfcrf;wGif oif;ysHUaomteHUwrsKd; tvGefEl; nHUpGmpJGNrJusefaponfhtjyif EIwfcrf;udk pum;eDa&mifjzpfap/ uGrf;&GufESifhxkH;wkdUonf tom;taoG;wkdUykyfpyfaom teHUudktxl;Edkifeif;/ þodkUjzifh a&T0gjynfolwkdU tvStyvdrf;jc,frIonf jywfjywfxifxifr&SdapbJ tEkynmajrmuf/ urÇmay:wGif rnfonfhrdef;rrsKd;wkdUrS r&&SdEdkifaomtoif;ysHysHU&eHUydkif&Sifrsm;ESifh *kPf,lavmufaom trsKd;om;vdrf;jc,frIudk ydkifqdkifxm;olrsm;jzpfMu/ a&T0gjynfolwkdUqHyifonf &Snfvsm;rJeuf/ xdkqHyifudk *efUa*:0wfrIHESifh a'ge tyifajcmufwkdUygaom yef;owfonfhqDarG;jzifh aooyfpGmvdrf;usHí aemufodkUusvsuf xkH;/ xkdqHxkH;udk opfcGyef; py,fyef; pum;yef;wkdUjzifh vSypGm&pfukef;yefqifMu/ a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf jynfwGif;jzpftcsdwfydk;xrDudk0wfqifMu/ xrDudkcg;üwif; MuyfpGmcsyfxm;/ xrDonfcg;rS ajcovkH;txdomvQif &Snfvsm;zkH;tkyf/ xrDatmuf em;wGif a&TcsnfaiGcsnfESifh teufuefUvefUpif;rsm; ygaom yef;Eka&mif atmufem;p oDxm;/ xdkatmufem;ponf ajcz0g;atmufMurf;jyifwGif waycefUykHae/ xdkatmufem;udk a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf vrf;avQmuf&mü¤if; vSyaysmhEGJUpGmESifhyif EdkifEdkifeif;eif; odrf;Edkif/
7.
7 cg;csyf0wfxm;aom xrDtxufwGif &ifom;udkzkH;tkyfpnf;aESmifonfh
eDarmif; aomt0wfpwck udk,fwGifywfxm;/ xdkt0wf tqkH;towftpudk vuf0Jbuf csKdif;atmufwGif csKd;acgufxdk;nSyf/ udk,ftxufydkif;ü cgom ydk; okdUr[kwf zJtusø&ifcGJudk 0wfqifMu/ yckH;xufü yg;vTmaom wbufwxnfonf rygvQifrjzpfaom NcKHvTr;fonfh tokH;taqmifwckjzpf / xdkUaemufajcaxmufwGif ydk;uwåDyg? csnfuwåDygwkdUjzifhjyKvkyfaom eDvGifonfh bdeyfudkpD;vdkufvQifl a&T0gjynfolwkdU qif,ifrIrSm NyD;jynfhpkH/ odkUaomf &Sdygao;onfh a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf vnfqGJESifhvuf0wfwef;qmwkdUudk 0wfwwfMuao;/ xdkvuf0wfwef;qmtm;vkH;udk a&TpifwGif ywåjrm;ESifh tjcm;tbdk; wefausmufrsuf&TJrsm;udk pDjc,fxm;Mu/ vnfqGJonfa&TpifESifh tbdk;wefvSaom ausmufrsuf&GJudkwukH; okdUr[kwf okH;ukH;rQjzpfí &ifvTrf;wef;qmonfa&Tpifü ausmuf rsuf&GJtrsm;tjym; pDjc,fxm;aom &ifwckvkH;tay:wGif? zkH;vTrf;Edkifonfh tvTm tcsyfBuD;jzpf/ vufaumufudk tcsKdUuwawmifqpfodkU wdkifatmif a&Ttwd0wfqifMu/ tcsKdUurl ywåjrm;ausmufrsuf&GJwkdUpDjc,fonfh tbdk;xdkufwefvGef;vSaom w&Hwnf; aomvufaumufudkom 0wfqifMu/ a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf urÇmü vGwfvyfcGifh tjynfh&&Sdaom trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMu/ a,mufsm;udkcspfcif&dkaoMuaomfvnf; a,mufsm;wkdUESifh xyfwlxyfrQmrqdkjyKvkyf/ wef;wlvnf; tvkyfvkyfMu/ xGef,ufpdkufysKd;jcif; jrif;pD;jcif;ESifh tjcm;Murf;wrf;aom tvkyftm;vkH;wkdUudk vkyfMuavonf/ odkUaomf.....a&T0gjynfolwdkUonf tvkyfrvkyfaom tvGwftcsdefwGif oGm;vmae xdkif&mü ,Ofaus;odrfarTUjcif;udk *kPf,lMu/ xdkUaMumifh a&T0gjynfolwkdUcg;úywfxm; aomxrDonf ajrjyifay:ü wayrQydkusaeaom tem;udkoDxyfxm;/ xdktem;onf 'l;qpfatmufajcrSpwifvsuf a&TcsnfaiGcsnf tpif;rsm;jzifh vSypGmcsKyfvkyfxm;/ &Snfvsm;aom xrDtem;ygonfh xrDudk0wfqifvsuf a&T0gjynfolwdkif; vQifjref jzwfvyfpGm tvkyfvkyfEdkif/ vrf;oGm;Edkif/ uckefEdkif/ odkUaomf....vrf;oGm;vQif ,Ofaus;zG,f&m&Sdonf/ þodkU,Ofaus;zG,f&mjyKEdkifjcif; udkvnf; wefbdk;xm;/ ajcwvSrf;vQif uka#woef;wefaom trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonf [k a&T0gjynfoljynfom;wkdUu rdrdwkdUtrsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf *kPf,lwwfMu/
8.
8 xdkUxufydkí ESpfoufzG,faumif;onfum; a&T0gjynfolkwdkUonf
bmoma&; tBuD; tuJwdkU taESmiftzGJUrS¤if; ZmwftedrfhtjrifhwkdU tqD;twm;wdkUrS¤if;? uif;vGwfMu í wbufom;tay:ü [dE´LESifh r[mar'ifwkdUuJUodkUvnf; r,kHrMunf oHo,yGm;rsm; wwfjcif;r&Sd? Oa&mywdkufom;rsm;ay:ü [efBuD;yefBuD;jyKvkyfavhr&Sd? tjcm;aom bmom "avhxkH;pHrsm;udkvnf; &IHUcs&GHUrkef;avhr&Sd? tvGefaz:a&Tvsuf vlrSeforQtm;vkH;wkdUudk &dkaoudkif;&Idif;pGm av;av;pm;pm;qufqHwwf/ a&T0gjynfom; a,mufsm;rdef;rwdkif; wbufom;tm; &dkaoudkif;&Idif;rI vGwfvyfpGm aexdkifajymqdkrI ESpfvdkbG,f&m az:a&GrIwkdU&SdMu/ tqif;&JqkH; tEGrf;yg;qkH; jzpfaom olrsm;üyif &dk;om; rGefa&/ £ajE´&Sd/ auR;csifarG;csif/ &ufa&mpGm ay;urf;wwf / &Tif&Tifjyjyaexdkifwwf/ Muifemcifrifwf/ xdkvlrsKd;wkdU [moESifha&mifh&Jwif;wdrf rIudk jrif&olwdkif;tHMoMu&/ vltm;vkH;yifwifhawmifhwifhw,f&Sd/ tvGef<u,f0csrf; omvGef;aom olr&SdouJUodkU tvGefqif;&JvGef;olrsm;vnf; r&SdMu/ vlwa,muf tvkyfvkyfvQif wtdrfaxmifvkH; Nidrf;csrf;pGmxdkifpm;Edkif/ w&uf tvkyfvkyfvQif ig;&ufcefUtvkyfvkyfbJ xdkifpm;Edkif/ xdkUaMumifh a&T0gjynfoljynfom; taygif;wkdUonf yGJvrf;obifodkU twloGm;&mü jzpfap? c&D;twloGm;&müjzpfap? tm;vkH;twGuf ukefus&rnfhpm;&dwfudk olUxufigOD; atmif tvkt,ufjyKMuvsuf wa,mufwnf;u wm0ef,líxkwfay;/ a&T0gjynfü qif;&Jaomtdrfwtdrfjzpfapumrl rdrdwkdUtdrfokdU0ifa&mufwnf;cdkvm vQif vludkjzpfap w&dpämefudkjzpfap? trsKd;trnfrcGJjcm;bJ? tzdk;tcr,lbJ? tqifhtwef; tedrfhtjrifhra&G;bJ tpm;tpmauR; tdyf&mae&may;/ tdrfom;rsm;rpm;rD OD;pGmauR; jcif;vnf; jzpf/ tdrfom;rsm;rtdyfaom tdrfOD;cef;ü odyfjcif;vnf;jzpf/ xdkwnf;cdk aomtdrfrS {nfhonfjzpfol xGufroGm;rjcif; auR;xm;wwfMuonfvnf;jzpf/ udk{nfhonfonf rdrdþodkU wnf;cdkae&onfhtwGuf tvkyfvkyfay;&efvnf;rvdk? tbdk;tc ay;&efvnf;rvdk/ pm;NyD;tdyf tdyfNyD;pm;vsuf Nidrf;csrf;pGm rylryifaeEdkif/ tdrf&Sifonf udk{nfhonftm; rdrdtdrfOD;üwifí ocifwqlobG,f vkyfauR;jyKpkaevdrfh rnfjzpf/ tcsdefMumvmaomaMumifh tdrf&Sif cspfbG,faumif;aom orD;ysKdESifh eD;pyfvm vQif udk{nfhonfonf cspfa&;iifEdkifygao;/
9.
9 tdrf&SifodoGm;vQif rSm;aMumif; 0efcHvdkufygbd/
xdkUaemuftcspf wkwfaESmifcH& aomrdrdonf rdrd ESvkH;oD;yGwfudk þtdrfwGifxm;cJUí [if;vif;yGifhaom&if? trSwf onmuif;rJUaomudk,fjzifh þt&yfrSxGufcGmoGm;ygawmhrnf? rdrdusL;vGefrdonfhtjypf 'Pfudk þtdrfom;wkdUrsufuG,ft&yfü woufywfvkH; usdwfrSdwfcHpm;oGm;ygawmhrnf[k rsuf&nfcHxdk;íajymvdkufyg/ þodkUjyKvkyfjyvdkufrnfqdkygvQif udk{nfhonfonf rnfonfhvlrsKd;yifjzpfygap pdwfcs-vufcs xdktdrfxufwGif.....om;ruftjzpfESifhaeoGm;Edkif/ tu,fí xdktdrfu vufrcHbl;jzpfapOD; udk{nfhonftbdkUbmrSpdwfrylygESifh tjcm;a&T0golrsm;u udk{nfhonftm; tvGefMuifemoem;Muvsuf qGJac:oGm;Muvdrfhrnf jzpf/ pdwfcsygav... okdUaomf xl;jcm;csufwck&Sdonf/ a&T0gjynfolwdkif;onf tdrfaxmifa&; pD;yGm;a&; wdkUü vifjzpfolESifhwef;wltcGifhta&;&Sd/ vifwdkif;u r,m;wdkif;udk pD;yGm;buf[k todtrSwfjyK/ tdrfaxmifwGif;ypönf;udk vifr,m;ESpfOD;ydkifqdkif/ oabmcsif;rwdkuf qdkifvQif vifr,m;uGJMuvQif &Sdypönf;udk vifESifhr,m; o&ufaphxufjcrf;uJGcGJa0,lMu& / a&T0gjynfür,m;onf aomhudkifypönf;xdef;jzpf/ a&T0gjynfwGif a&T0gjynfoljynfom;wkdU vdkufemusifhokH;Mu&aom pnf;urf;owf rSwfcsufawG&Sd/ xdkpnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufwkdUü... vifonfr,m;udkrdrdESifh xyfwlxm;&/ Opömtyf&/ rdrdr,m;rSwyg; tjcm; rdef;rrsm;udk rjypfrSm;& 0wfpm;wefqmqif&/ jrwfEdk;Muifem&[laomtcsufrsm;&Sd/ xdkUtwlr,m;wkdUuvnf;.... tdrfwGif;trIvkyfaqmif&/ vif&SmazGaomypönf;udk pepfwusodrf;qnf;&/ rdrdvifrSwyg; tjcm;aoma,mufsm;rsm;ESifh razmufjyef&/ rdrdwkdUpD;yGm;ypönf;udk oifhavsmf pGmokH;pJG&/ ysif;&djcif;r&Sdap&[laom pnf;urf;csufwkdU&Sd/ xdkpnf;urf;csufwkdUt& a&T0gjynfolkwdkUonf urÇmürnfonfhlvrsKd;ESifhrQ EIdif;,SOf r&aom a,mufsm;ESifhwef;wltusKd;cHpm;cGifh/ &ifabmifwef;EdkifcGifh&&SdaeMu/ urÇmhtrsKd; orD;tm;vkH;wkdUtxJü tvGwfvyfqkH;aom trsKd;orD;rsm;jzpfMu/ okdUaomf a&T0gjynfoludk vdkcsifaom udk{nfhonftbdkUbmrQ rpdk;&drfygESifh oabm aumif;í usifemvdkufavsmvG,faom a&T0gjynfolwkdUonf
10.
10 rdrdwkdU,lrdaomvifu rdrdwkdU tay:ü
a&T0gjynfom;vifwkdUuJUodkU rusifhokH;apumrl...... a&T0gjynfolwdkif;onf rdrdwkdU,lxm;onfh vifhtay:ü rdrdwkdUjyKvkyf&rnfh 0wå&m; rysufuGuf,kHrQru udk{nfhonfwkdUbmom"avhudkvnf; tvG,fwul vdkufavsm vufcHMuvdrfhrnfjzpf/ bmoma&;ESifh ywfoufí a&T0gjynfoljynfom;wkdUonf xdkif;vif;jynfom;? avmjynfom;? uarÁm'D;,m;jynfom;? jrefrmjynfom;wkdUESifh xyfwljzpf/ [dE´LjA[®PwdkUt,ltq [if;av;tdk;tESpfwGif a*gwrAk'¨qm;jrufjrufjzifh cyfay;xm;aom ax&m0g't,ludk ,lMu/ xdkUaMumifhtrsKd;rsm;? Zmwfrsm;udk cGJjcm;rI &Sdaomfvnf; jyif;xefrIr&Sd? rsm;jym;aom bmoma&;pnf;urf;csufrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; xdkpnf;urf;csufwkdUudk þodkUusL;vGefvQif aemifwrvGefü þykHcH&rnf? þokdUjyKvkyfvQif aemifwrvGefü þES,fcH&rnf[laom ,kHMunfaprIjzifh xdef;odrf;ay;/ a&T0gjynfom;bkef;awmfBuD;wkdUonf þtvGefMuifemwwf tvGef,kHMunfwwf? tvGefvdkufavQmwwf? tvGefaysmf&Tifwwfaom &dk;om;onfh a&T0gjynfom;wdkUtm; aemifwrvGefücH&pH&rnfh taMumif;rsm;udk wzGJUwEGJUajymMu/ rdrdwkdUudk,fwdkif wu,f a&mufvmodvm jrifvmouJUodkUvnf;ajym/ rdrdudk,fwdkif jyif;jyif;xefxef wu,f ,kHMunfMunfESifh ajymMujcif;vnf;jzpf/ þodkUjzifha&T0gjynfol jynfom;wkdUudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk aumif;rGefatmifxdef; odrf;vmcJUEdkifMuonf/ þonfwkdUum; vGefcJUaom&Spfq,fhig;ESpfcefUu a&T0gjynfudk t*FvdyfvlrsKd; wa,mufu jrif&aom tjrifwpdwfwa'ojzpf/ þrSwfwrf;awGtwdkif; [kwfonfqdkvQif a&T0gjynfonf vGefcJUonfh tESpfudk;&m ausmfu BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom wdk;wufonfhwdkif;jynfwjynfjzpfcJUí vGefcJUonfhtESpf udk;&maemufydkif;wGif ajymyavmufatmif wdk;wufrIr&Sd&yfwefUaeonf[k ,kHMunfEdkif / rSwfwrf; 2-rsKd;teuf yxrrSwfwrf; 2-ckü bk&iftaMumif;ESifh ppfwyfrsm; taMumif;yg/ tESpfudk;&mrQuGmjcm;NyD;aemuf a&T0gjynfokdUa&mufvmaom t*Fvdyf vlrsKd; ]zdkufcsf}a&;onfh 'kwd,rSwfwrf;wGif a&T0gjynfbk&ifESifh ppfwyfrsm;taMumif; ryg vmawmh/
11.
11 þonfudkaxmufí a&T0gjynfüxdktcsdefwGif bk&ifESifhppfwyfwdkUr&SdMuNyD[kod&/ a&T0gjynfoljynfom;wkdUvlaerIpHepf? pdwfaepdwfxm;ESifh
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12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
15 ukvm;jzLtm;udk;&Sdaeaom uoJbk&ifu ukvm;jzLydkifeuf
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16.
16 a&T0gjynfom;wkdUum; acgif;axmifNrJ b0ifcdkufrNrJ
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17.
17 þwGif jrpfwGif;ü&SdaeMuaom ukvm;jzLppfoabFmwdkU
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18.
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19.
19 xdkaemuf rdrdonf t&G,fvGefvsuf
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20.
20 t&SLH;ay;vmcJUMu&onfum; vufeuftiftm;csif; rrQaom
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21.
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22.
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23.
23 cGifhvTwf/ þonf vnf;
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24.
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25.
25 0dkif;aeMu/ udk&ifvlxGufbk&iftay:ü MoZmay;EdkifolwkdUu
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26.
26 ewfpkwyf ,mbuf 750?
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27.
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28.
28 ZrÁL'dyfuRef;tvkH;udk tpdk;&aom pMum0aw;rif;BuD;
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29.
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30.
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31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
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37.
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38.
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39.
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40.
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41.
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