1) Students from Kantararom school studied how climatic factors like temperature, rainfall and humidity affect mosquito species and numbers in urban and rural areas of Kantararom district, Srisaket province. 2) They found more mosquito genera and higher numbers in rural areas. Mosquito numbers increased with more rainy days. 3) Their results help understand how climate influences dengue transmission risk by affecting mosquitoes. Controlling mosquitoes can help manage dengue cases.

1. Climatic Factors and Mosquito Species in Rural and Urban
Areas at Kantharom District, Srisaket Province
Students: Jirasak Chaichana, Panida Promson, Patamaporn Singhansaree, Athit
Reangthogn, Surapon Noonsung, and students from M 6/2
Teacher: S t i t K i
T h Satapisat Kraisee, K t
Kantararom school, K t
h l Kantararom Di t i t S i k t 33130 www.kr.ac.th
District, Srisaket 33130, k th
Scientists: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mullica
Jaroensutasinee, Siriwan Wongkoon, Walailak University

2. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Research question
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results and Discussion
5 Acknowledgements

3. Introduction
• K h l is located at l i d 15 1036 °N and l
Kantararom school i l d latitude 15.1036 N d longitude i d
104.57538 °E, Kantararom district, Srisaket. Kantararom district is
located on the sandy silt plateau and has several small ponds with
100,157 populations, 2,636 households, population density in urban
area of 141 individuals/km2 and in rural area of 9 individuals/km2.

4. Introduction
• There were 330 dengue
incidence with a death
rate of 0.30 at Sisaket in
2008
• Since 1st January – 31st
July 2010, there were
1,200 dengue incidences
which was ranked fourth
dengue incidence rate in
northeastern region.
(Ministry of Health: online 2010).

5. Introduction
rainfalls
Growth rate of
temperature the mosquito
larva
Cause may be…
population density
relative humidity
location of the
community

6. Introduction
We examined how urban and
rural areas differ in number and
mosquito diversity.
The relationship between
p
the type and number of mosquito Our
O
larvae associated with changes in Purposes.
p
h idit and temperature.
humidity d t t
The results from this study
will help us gain a better
understanding about dengue
control and management.
g

7. Research question
Research question
Do mosquito number and
species in urban and rural
species in urban and rural
areas at Kantararom district
differ? If yes, how do they
differ? If yes, how do they
differ?
Are there some differences
re there some differences
between climatic factors and the
number of mosquito larvae in
number of mosquito larvae in
urban and rural areas at
Kantharom District, Srisaket
Province?

8. Materials and Methods
Materials and Methods
(a) (b)
Study site
y
We selected urban and rural areas at Kantararom district, Srisaket into 53 study
sites: 10 urban sites and 43 rural sites (Fig. 1a,b).

10. Results and Discussion
At urban area
t urban area, there were
two genera of mosquitoes:
Aedes spp. and Culex spp. For
d d l
Aedes, there were Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus .
and Aedes
At rural area
t rural area, there were
g q
three genera of mosquitoes:
Aedes spp., Culex spp. and
Anopheles spp. This indicates
that rural areas might be more
that rural areas might be more
malaria risk than urban area.

11. Results and Discussion
Urban areas
The number of Aedes aegypti larvae
rural areas

12. Results and Discussion
Urban areas
The number of Aedes albopictus larvae
rural areas

13. Results and Discussion
Urban areas
The number of Culex spp. larvae
spp.
rural areas

14. Results and Discussion
Urban areas
rural areas
(a) House index
(b) Container index and
(c) Breteau index in urban

15. Results and Discussion
amount of rainfall Date
50.00 highest temperature 400
45.00 lowest temperature 350
40.00 300
°C)
all
35.00
mount of rain fa
250
Temperature (°
30.00
200
25.00
20.00 150
15.00 100
50
am
10.00
10 00
T
5.00 0
Aug‐2009
Aug‐2010
May‐2009
Jun‐2009
Jul‐2009
Sep‐2009
Oct‐2009
Nov‐2009
Dec‐2009
Jan‐2010
Feb‐2010
Mar‐2010
Apr‐2010
May‐2010
Jun‐2010
Jul‐2010
Sep‐2010
Oct‐2010
0.00
‐2009
‐2009
‐2009
‐2009
‐2009
‐2009
‐2009
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2010
‐2009
‐2010
M
M
May‐
Jun‐
Jul‐
Aug‐
Sep‐
Oct‐
Dec‐
Jan‐
Feb‐
Mar‐
May‐
Jun‐
Jul‐
Aug‐
Sep‐
Oct‐
Nov‐
Apr‐
Months
Months
Figure 4. The amount of rainfall in
Figure 3 M / i t
Fi 3. Max/min temperature in K th
t i Kantharom Kantharom Area Srisaket Province
area during May 2009 to October 2010. during May 2009 to October 2010.

16. Relativ
ve humidity
0
100
120
20
40
60
80
May‐……
Jun‐2009
Jul‐2009
Aug‐2009
Sep‐2009
Oct‐2009
Nov‐2009
October 2010.
Dec‐2009
Jan‐2010
Feb‐2010
Mar‐2010
Apr‐2010
May‐……
Jun‐2010
Jul‐2010
Aug‐2010
minimum relative humidity
maximum relative humidity
Sep‐2010
Figure 5. Max/min relative humidity in
Kantharom area during May 2009 to
Oct‐2010
The number of de
engue Fever pa
atients
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
May‐2009 9
Jun‐2009 9
Jul‐2009
9
Aug‐2009 9
Sep‐2009 9
Oct‐2009 9
Nov‐2009 9
Dec‐2009 9
2009 to October 2010.
Jan‐20100
Feb‐2010 0
Months
Mar‐2010 0
Rural area
Rural area
Apr‐2010 0
Urban area
May‐2010 0
Jun‐2010 0
Jul‐2010
0
Aug‐2010 0
Sep‐2010 0
at urban ( ) and at rural ( ) areas during May
Figure 6. The number of dengue fever patients
Oct‐2010 0
Results and Discussion

17. Results and Discussion
Figure 7. a) The relationship of the number of rainy days b) The relationship of the number of rainy days
and the number of A aegypti l
d h b f Ae. i larvae. and th number of d
d the b f dengue i id
incidences.
As the number of rainy days increased, the number of Ae. aegypti and the number of dengue incidences
increased (Figure 7a,b). This strongly indicated that climatic factors (in this case, the number of rainy days) strongly
influences the number of mosquito larvae. The increases in the number of mosquito larvae will increase the chance
of dengue vectors to transmit the dengue virus at a higher rate. Moreover, during rainy days, people tend to stay
inside their houses which may also increase the chance of being bitten by Ae. aegypti females. As we already know
that Ae. aegypti tends to stay inside the house and lays their eggs in the indoor water containers.

18. References
R f
S.C. Tewari, V. Thenmozhi, C. R. Katholi, R. Manavalan, A. Munirathinam
and A. Gajanana. (2004).Dengue vector prevalence and virus
infection in a rural area in south India. Tropical Medicine and
International Health 9(4): 499-507.
S. Wongkoon, M. Jaroensuthasinee and K. Jaroensuthasinee. (2011).
Climatic variability and dengue virus transmission in
ChiangRai, Thailand. Biomedica 27: 5-13.
S. Thammapalo, V Ch
S Th l V. Chongsuwiwatwong, D McNeil and A G t (2005)
i t D. M N il d A. Geater. (2005).
The climatic factors influencing the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic
fever in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health,
36 (1) , 191 196
191-196.
P.-C. Wu, H.-R. Guo, S.-C. Lung, C.-Y. Lin, H.-J. Su. (2007). Weather as
an effective predictor for occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan.
Acta Tropica 103: 50 57
50–57.

19. Acknowledgements
A k l d t
This work is supported in part by GLOBE through
Mosquito project, IPST and GLOBE southern
Mosquito project, IPST and GLOBE southern
network. We thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Krisanadej
Jaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mullica
Jaroensutasinee, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mullica
Jaroensutasinee, Siriwan Wongkoon for some
suggestions on experimental design and data
suggestions on experimental design and data
analysis. We thank the director of Kantararom
school, Mr. Rita Nantapan for supporting this
school, Mr. Rita Nantapan for supporting this
project.

22. n-house