1. The document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint presentations for science students and scientists, including avoiding too much information per slide and using no more than one idea per slide. 2. It discusses the importance of functional traits in ecology and describes different types of functional traits. 3. It explains the founder effect using the example of the Amish community in Pennsylvania and how inbreeding raised genetic mutation rates and disease occurrences in this population.

1. 1
Power point tips for
and scientists in general
science students

2. 2
Avoid too much info per slide
Use the general rule of
thumb: 1 idea per slide

3. 3

4. 4
avoid
bullet points

5. 5

6. 6
• Morphological
• Biochemical
• Physiological
• Structural
• Phenological
• Behaviour
Functional traits:

7. 7
Functional traits
morphological biochemical
structural phenological
physiological
​Dr Sara Barrento
Díaz et al. (2013).

8. IMTA: the rational
Ecology
Economy
Economic
Resilience
Ecological
Stability
Social
acceptability
Carrying
capacity
8
Economy of
space

9. 9
Avoid bullet points
Unless you have a good reason

10. 10
THE 3 Rs
​ REPLACEMENT
Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing
​1882
​ REDUCTION
​ REFINEMENT
​ 1
​ 2
​ 3

11. 11
INVERTEBRATES
​ Pain and suffering is less clear however,
legislation in several countries (e.g. U.K.,
New Zealand, Norway) protects some
invertebrate species if they are being used
in animal testing
​
​1

12. Tables can be useful
But you need good design

13. 13​Dr Sara Barrento
Functional traits
EFFECT TRAITS RESPONSE TRAITS
IMPACT Colonize or
thrive
Spore release numbers
Germination success
Anti herbivore traits
Photosynthetic performance
N content
C content
P content
Growth rate
Nutrient uptake rate
Díaz et al. (2013).

14. 14
Avoid too much info in 1 slide
​The 1 slide per
minute rule is
NOT a real rule

15. 15
Some slides only work if
​you use
animations to
show each
image at a time

16. Polar regions
Alpines regions
Low temperatures High Pressure
Oceans depthsHot springs
Hydrothermal vents
Hot deserts
High temperatures
Severe drought
Deserts
Lack of water
Acid mine waste
The stomach
Soda Lakes
Acidic or alkaline
Polluted areas
Volcano
Toxic elements
Salt Lakes
High salt
Decomposing matter
Estuarine muds
Vertebrate intestine
No Oxygen
UV
Nuclear disaster
Radiation
16

17. Avoid all sort of visual clutter
such as logos, wavy frames and
the likes

18. Population genetics of eye colour
18
Blue eyes first seen in
humans around 6000
years ago
Previously, all ancestors
had brown eyes and
population not
polymorphic
Mapped to HERC2 gene
which has nothing to
do with eye colour
HERC2 is upstream of
OCA2, which is
responsible for eye colour Promoter for OCA2 in
HERC2
HERC2 OCA2
Promoter for OCA2
Single nucleotide
change = those with
blue eyes have G,
brown eyes have A

19. gettyimages
Siobhan connally
80% of population in northern Europe
have blue eyes but outside Europe blue
eyes are rare.
Population
genetics of eye
colour

20. Population genetics of eye colour
20
Blue eyes first seen in
humans around 6000
years ago
Previously, all ancestors had
brown eyes and population
not polymorphic
OCA2, is responsible
for eye colour
HERC2 OCA2
Promoter for
OCA2
Single nucleotide change
in the promoter = those
with blue eyes have G,
brown eyes have A

21. White space is important
Don’t fear using an image
as your background

22. Variation in populations
22
Population = group of
interbreeding individuals of the
same species who inhabit the same
space at the same time
Gene pool = sum of all the genetic
information carried by members
of the population
Gene pool changes over time with
mutation, introduction of new individuals,
departure from the population or death
https://www.openstaxcollege
.org/textbooks/anatomy-
and-physiology/resources

23. Population = group of interbreeding
individuals of the same species who
inhabit the same space at the same time
Gene pool = sum of all the genetic
information carried by members of the
population
Gene pool changes over time with
mutation, introduction of new individuals,
departure from the population or death

24. Founder effect
24
200 Germans founded
Amish community in
Pennsylvania in early 1700s
Only allowed to marry within
community so inbreeding
extremely common
Make up 10% of county
population but account for
half the special needs cases
Several genetic disorders
that are only seen in this
community
Why?
Founding population would have
carried genetic mutations at normal
frequency
Inbreeding/ isolation raises the
rate of those mutations in the
population as a whole
Related parents more likely
to both carry mutations
High rates of disease in offspring

25. More than 40,000
Amish in North
America can trace
their ancestry back
to a group of 89
founding members
Payne et al., 2011. Paediatric
Child Health
The Amish people
and the founder effect
Getty images Bob Thomas
Only allowed to
marry within
community so
inbreeding
extremely
common
Make up 10%
of county
population but
account for
half the
special needs
cases
Why?

26. Founder effect
Original population
carry genetic mutations
at normal frequency
loss of genetic variation that occurs
when a new population is established
by a very small number of individuals
from a larger population. three possible
founder
populations

27. A presentation needs a presenter
You don’t need to show ALL info
Intro data are different
from Results Data

28. 28​Dr Sara Barrento
DATA
Intro Results
Díaz et al. (2013).

29. make
your data
beautiful

30. Intro data

31. 31
World population milestones
​Source: Placeholder example
Billion people alive on Earth
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1804 1927 1959 1974 1987 1999 2011 2026 2050
13 Jun 2013
World population
projected to reach
9.6 billion
by 2050

32. 32
5434
12
Red Brown
Green Miscellaneous
Science Papers
57 species
​Science
Seaweed species
FAO statistics
30 species
25
63
12
Chlorophyta Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta

33. 33
64
7
7
7
7
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Seaweed species
14 Green
%
25
63
12
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
Ulva spp.
Codium fragile
Caulerpa spp.
Chaetomorpha ligustica
Sarcothalia crispata
Cladophora coelothrix.

34. 34
Scientific questions?
​Land based
9 9 8 8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Bioremediation 66 %
Chemical Composition
Food, feed, biofuel
Feed Production
Seaweed Eco-Physiology
Impact

35. 35
~ 100 million VERTEBRATES
GB # 3.87 million
procedures in 2014
​A "procedure" refers to an
experiment that might last minutes,
several months, or years.

36. Results
DATA

37. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dry Wet Day 6 Day 13 Day 33Day 33 Prototype Box
Ammonia(mg/L)
After 1 day
transport
Blue mussels| Ammonia in the water mantle cavity
SamplestakeninPortugalSamplestakeninSweden
Post harvest Conditioning Holding
Grading

38. A power point takes
Time
Patience
Creativity
Skills

39. Sara Barrento
sciencetell@wrodpress.com
sarabarrento@wordpress.com
algaewales@wordpress.com